Expansionist Theory Research Articles

Women’s contribution in african economies: It is time for a rethink

Explicitly defining orthodoxies about women empowerment in Africa reveal that, unlike men, women lack more economic opportunities, which contributes to their declining local economy and that of their respective nations. Although several studies have explored this claim further, most of their analytic portions have substantially surfaced the plausible causal link between other indicators and these nations' economic decline. This emphasis gives impetus to claims of a deliberate attempt by researchers not to posit causal relationships between women's inadequate economic opportunities and their respective nations' dwindling economies. In this regard, there are sketch speculations that any debate about women's role in a given African nation's economic growth is likely to be divided into arguments around their work efficiency. Within such debates, narratives around the responsiveness of such nations’ governance systems to women, and their inherent societal norms, can be chiefly dialectical. By calling attention to issues limiting women’s contributions to economies, this article demonstrates how increased investment in women’s economic empowerment brings forth a positive impact on the economy. It borrows from Galtung’s structural form of violence and Barnett and Hyde’s expansionist theory in deriving an eclectic mix of expositions to support this position. . Based on these expositions, it concludes that discriminatory social norms and practices, and inadequate legislation, are the main impediments to women’s economic empowerment. It proposes, in light of this conclusion, the need to delegitimize norms and ideas that perpetuate women's disempowerment and suggests that it can be achieved, through advocacy and policy interventions, which are context-specific.

Work Cultural-Life Balance: A Phenomenological Study of Balinese Female Accountant in the Banking Sector

This research covers deep understanding about how Balinese women deal on being an accountant in banking industry amidst their responsibilities in the cultural traditions. This research is a qualitative research with phenomenological approach. The purpose of this research is to interpret the experiences of Balinese women who work as an accountants in the banking sectors, in serving a dual roles and under what conditions they interpret it. Expansionist theory is used as a theoretical lens in interpreting the themes that arise in this study, after extracting its meaning. Data collection was acquired through in-depth interviews with three informants. Then, the data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA). The analysis showed four themes that emerged from the meaning of the subject’s experiences. There are four themes in this study, including joyful living, blessing, self-proud, and time management. Time management is one theme that emerges beyond concepts dictated in expansionist theory.
 Keywords: Balinese women, banking accountant, work cultural-life

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ESSENCE AND FEATURES OF CREDIT RELATIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

The article reveals the essence of credit, investigates the evolutionary prerequisites for the emergence and formation of the categorical apparatus of lending, defines the characteristic features of credit, which were studied by representatives of various theories. The stages of development of credit relations in society are systematized. The stages of development of credit relations, principles, functions and features of lending to enterprises in the agricultural sector of the economy have been investigated. The evolutionary aspects of credit as an economic category have been investigated from the standpoint of the capital-creation theory and the theory of credit regulation. It has been established that the main provisions of the capital-creation theory treat credit as a category independent of the reproduction process and as a decisive factor in the development of the economy. It is proved that the capital-creation theory received its development in the form of the expansionist theory of credit, based on the provisions on the infinity of credit and the deposits and capital created by it. It is proved that the essence of credit is revealed more deeply by the theory of credit regulation, which determines the priority role of the monetary system in the development of the state's economy, emphasizing its ability to regulate the economic system and prevent crisis phenomena. It has been established that the development of credit theories at the present stage is reflected in the redistribution and stock theories. It has been proved that it is expedient to use an integrated, multi-level approach to the study of the essence, functions, mechanisms of the functioning of credit and to determine its influence on the development of the state economy. The result of this research is the author's conceptual vision of credit as an economic category, which systematically covers the essence, role and functions of credit. The legitimacy of the existence of a separate mechanism of credit relations in the agricultural sector of the economy, covering credit institutions, the credit market, credit policy and the credit flows themselves, has been proved. The essential characteristics and features of agricultural credit are systematized and the priority features of credit facilities in agriculture are highlighted. Five groups of factors have been formulated that affect the availability of credit for business entities in agriculture in modern conditions.

Men Lose Life Satisfaction with Fewer Hours in Employment: Mothers Do Not Profit from Longer Employment\u2014Evidence from Eight Panels

This article uses random and fixed effects regressions with 743,788 observations from panels of East and West Germany, the UK, Australia, South Korea, Russia, Switzerland and the United States. It shows how the life satisfaction of men and especially fathers in these countries increases steeply with paid working hours. In contrast, the life satisfaction of childless women is less related to long working hours, while the life satisfaction of mothers hardly depends on working hours at all. In addition, women and especially mothers are more satisfied with life when their male partners work longer, while the life satisfaction of men hardly depend on their female partners’ work hours. These differences between men and women are starker where gender attitudes are more traditional. They cannot be explained through differences in income, occupations, partner characteristics, period or cohort effects. These results contradict role expansionist theory, which suggests that men and women profit similarly from moderate work hours; they support role conflict theory, which claims that men are most satisfied with longer and women with shorter work hours.

Investigation of Multiple Role Factor in Employed Mothers Using Expansionist Theory

Investigation of Multiple Role Factor in Employed Mothers Using Expansionist Theory

Gender Ideals Violation in Domestic and Economic Life as Found in Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With The Wind

This study aimed at describing the violation of gender ideals of the main female character in Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind in relation to domestic and economic life and describing the possible reasons of why she violated them. The design used was content analysis in qualitative paradigm. Codifications and indicators were established to help to analyze the data. The theories used to analyze the data were the expansionist theory in gender, the Freudian Psychological theory, and the self-actualization theory. The finding shows that Scarlett O’Hara has violated the domestic ideals as a belle, wife, mother, and widow. She also violates the Victorian rules dealing with women and economic life. Scarlett’s violation of the rules in her society is caused by the internal factor and the external factor, the Civil War. It is the emergency, the occasion, and the condition at that time that makes her violate them. Her controversial acts in her society can be considered as a constructive change as it gears to women improvement and equality. The violation of gender ideals of her time does not always mean a negative deviation. It can also bring improvement for a better life.

Maternal Employment and Parenting Through Middle Childhood: Contextualizing Factors.

The authors used data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,364) to examine maternal work hour status and parenting (sensitivity and learning opportunities) from infancy through middle childhood. Work hour status was conceptualized as nonemployment, part time, and full time. Adjusting for covariates, mothers employed part time had higher sensitivity scores and higher provision of child learning opportunity scores than did mothers who were not employed, and these differences characterized families during early childhood rather than middle childhood. Mothers' provision of child learning opportunities was greater when employed full time (vs. part time) during early childhood. In addition to child age, mothers' ethnic minority status and partner status moderated the association between maternal work hour status and mothers' parenting. In general, the findings supported ideas forwarded by role expansionist theory.

The work–family interface among school psychologists and related school personnel: a test of role conflict and expansionist theories

AbstractThe purpose was to test of the utility of role conflict and expansionist theories in explaining the work–family interface using psychometrically sound instruments. Participants (n = 74) responded to measures of work–family conflict, work‐related stress, and role quality. In support of the expansionist theory, results indicated that the quality of the life roles was a better predictor of both work–family conflict and work‐related stress than was the number of life roles. For both, results indicated that as quality of the work role increased, work–family conflict and work‐related stress decreased. The implications for the research on the work–family life interface and attracting and retaining the most qualified school psychologists are discussed.

Work and family: Can you have it all?

Evidence of participants' work-family interface seems consistent with expansionist theory principles (vis-a-vis conflict theory). Using archival data of 270 faculty members, this study sought to illuminate the influence of occupying multiple roles (paid worker, spouse-partner, and parent) and role quality (stress from household responsibilities and satisfaction with job autonomy and independence) on stress from work demands (teaching load, research-publishing, and committee work). Using only childless respondents, marital status and role quality did not predict work stress. Married–partnered workers with children reported less stress from research–publishing demands and committee work than childless married–partnered faculty. Stress from managing household responsibilities was positively related to stress from work demands, and satisfaction with job autonomy and independence was inversely related to stress from teaching load and research–publishing demands. Higher levels of autonomy and independence corre...

Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory.

The lives of women and men, the relationships that they establish, and their work have changed dramatically in the past 50 years, but the dominant theories driving research in these areas have not. In this article, the authors argue that the facts underlying the assumptions of the classical theories of gender and multiple roles have changed so radically as to make the theories obsolete. Moreover, a large body of empirical data fails to support the predictions flowing from these theories. Yet the development of new theory for guiding research and clinical practice has not kept pace. The authors attempt to fill this theoretical gap by reviewing the research literature and articulating an expansionist theory of gender, work, and family that includes four empirically derived and empirically testable principles better matched to today's realities.

Women, men, work, and family. An expansionist theory.

The lives of women and men, the relationships that they establish, and their work have changed dramatically in the past 50 years, but the dominant theories driving research in these areas have not. In this article, the authors argue that the facts underlying the assumptions of the classical theories of gender and multiple roles have changed so radically as to make the theories obsolete. Moreover, a large body of empirical data fails to support the predictions flowing from these theories. Yet the development of new theory for guiding research and clinical practice has not kept pace. The authors attempt to fill this theoretical gap by reviewing the research literature and articulating an expansionist theory of gender, work, and family that includes four empirically derived and empirically testable principles better matched to today's realities.

Effect of female labor force participation on female suicide attitudes

Abstract Previous research on the correlates of suicide attitudes has neglected gender-specific analysis, in particular, the influence of female participation in the labor force (FPLF) on female suicide attitudes. The present study explores the impact of FPLF on female suicide attitudes using a national sample of 5,559 women. While a significant bivariate relationship is found, once controls are added for its covariates, FPLF is not related to female suicide attitudes. These findings are related to the debate between the role conflict and role expansionist theory of FPLF and female suicidal behavior. A separate analysis for men suggests that men and women follow the same general etiology of suicide attitudes.