Exotic Field Research Articles

Atomic probe of dark matter differential interactions with subatomic particles

Searching for physics beyond the Standard Model is one of the main tasks of experimental physics. Candidates for dark matter include axionlike ultralight bosonic particles. Comagnetometers form ultrahigh sensitivity probes for such particles and any exotic field that interacts with the spin of an atom. Here, we propose a multiatom-species probe that enables one not only to discover such fields and measure their spectrum but also to determine the ratios of their coupling strengths to the subatomic particles—electrons, neutrons, and protons. We further show that the multifaceted capabilities of this probe can be demonstrated with synthetic exotic fields generated by a combination of regular magnetic fields and light-induced fictitious magnetic fields in alkali atoms. These synthetic fields also enable the accurate calibration of any magnetometer or comagnetometer probe for exotic physics. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Emergent Spinor Fields from Exotic Spin Structures

Abstract The classification of emergent spinor fields according to modified bilinear covariants is scrutinized in space-times with nontrivial topology, which induce inequivalent spin structures. Extended Clifford algebras, constructed by equipping the underlying space-time with an extended bilinear form with additional terms coming from the nontrivial topology, naturally yield emergent extended algebraic spinor fields and their subsequent extended bilinear covariants, which are contrasted to the classical spinor classification. An unexpected duality between the standard and the exotic spinor field classes is therefore established, showing that a complementary fusion process among the spinor field classes sets in, when extended Clifford bundles are addressed in multiply connected space-times.

Gravitational memory effects of black bounces and a traversable wormhole

Black bounces are spacetimes that can be interpreted as either black holes or wormholes depending on specific parameters. In this study, we examine the Simpson–Visser and Bardeen-type solutions as black bounces and investigate the gravitational wave in the background of these solutions. We then explore the displacement and velocity memory effects by analyzing the deviation of two neighboring geodesics and their derivatives influenced by the magnetic charge parameter a. This investigation aims to trace the magnetic charge in the gravitational memory effect. Additionally, we consider another family of traversable wormhole solutions obtained from non-exotic matter sources to trace the electric charge Qe\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q_{e}$$\\end{document} in the gravitational memory effect, which can be determined from the far field asymptotic. Furthermore, this research aims to explore the gravitational memory effect related to the variation in Bondi mass for the Simpson–Visser and Bardeen-type black bounces. The investigation will also be conducted on a traversable wormhole solution that does not require any exotic field. This study holds importance in not only identifying compact objects such as wormholes through gravitational memory effects but also in observing the charge Qe\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q_{e}$$\\end{document}, which offers a tangible manifestation of Wheeler’s idea of “electric charge without charge.”

Prospects of classical biological control of papaya mealybug in Kenya: Performance of its exotic parasitoid, Acerophagus papayae, under laboratory and field conditions

Papaya mealybug (PMB), Paracoccus marginatus, native to Mexico and Central America, invaded Kenya in 2016 causing severe yield losses of between 57% and 91% and £2224/ha household economic losses annually. A classical biological program for PMB involved the importation of Acerophagus papayae, a koinobiont endoparasitoid, from Ghana into the quarantine facility at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Muguga. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the suitability of A. papayae to parasitize PMB. Parasitism rates, sex ratio and development time of the parasitoid were evaluated under choice and no-choice experimental conditions. High parasitism rates of 72.5 ± 5.9 and 75.0 ± 3.8% were recorded in third instar and adult female PMB, respectively, and lower parasitism rates of 43.8 ± 4.6 % were recorded in second instars, under no-choice test conditions. Significant differences in host choice were noted when A. papayae was offered several host stages, with third instars being preferred over second instars. Adult females were preferred over third instars. Adult parasitoids were released and monitored for their establishment at six papaya farms in the Coastal region of Kenya from December 2021 to November 2022. Parasitoid establishment was recovered within the first month of release. Parasitism levels varied across the sites with the highest parasitism of 72.89 % recorded in Kwale. Findings from this study highlight the potential of A. papayae as a good candidate for biological control of PMB in Kenya and Africa beyond.

Exotic field theories for (hybrid) fracton phases from imposing constraints in foliated field theory

Fracton phases of matter are gapped phases of matter that, by dint of their sensitivity to UV data, demand non-standard quantum field theories to describe them in the IR. Two such approaches are foliated quantum theory and exotic field theory. In this paper, we explicitly construct a map from one to the other and work out several examples. In particular, we recover the equivalence between the foliated and exotic fractonic BF theories recently demonstrated at the level of operator correspondence. We also demonstrate the equivalence of toric code layers and the anisotropic model with lineons and planons to the foliated BF theory with one and two foliations, respectively. Finally, we derive new exotic field theories that provide simple descriptions of hybrid fracton phases from foliated field theries known to do so. Our results both provide new examples of exotic field theories and pave the way toward their systematic construction from foliated field theories.

Foliated-exotic duality in fractonic BF theories

There has been proposed two continuum descriptions of fracton systems: foliated quantum field theories (FQFTs) and exotic quantum field theories. Certain fracton systems are believed to admit descriptions by both, and hence a duality is expected between such a class of FQFTs and exotic QFTs. In this paper we study this duality in detail for concrete examples in 2+12+1 and 3+13+1 dimensions. In the examples, both sides of the continuum theories are of BFBF-type, and we find the explicit correspondences of gauge-invariant operators, gauge fields, parameters, and allowed singularities and discontinuities. This deepens the understanding of dualities in fractonic quantum field theories.

Lorentzian wormholes in an emergent universe

A non-singular emergent universe (EU) scenario within the realm of standard Relativistic physics requires a generalization of the equation of state (EoS) connecting the pressure and energy density. This generalized EoS is capable of describing a composition of exotic matter, dark energy and cosmological dust matter. Since the EU scenario is known to violate the null energy condition (NEC), we investigate the possibility of presence of static, spherically symmetric and traversable Lorentzian wormholes in an EU. The obtained shape function is found to satisfy the criteria for wormhole formation, besides the violation of the NEC at the wormhole throat and ensuring traversability such that tidal forces are within desirable limits. Also, the wormhole is found to be stable through linear stability analysis. Most importantly, the numerical value of the EU parameter B as estimated by our wormhole model is in agreement with and lies within the range of values as constrained by observational data in a cosmological context. Also, the negative sign of the second EU parameter A as obtained from our wormhole model is in agreement with the one required for describing an EU, which further indicates on the existence of such wormholes in an EU without accounting for any additional exotic matter field or any modification to the gravitational sector.

Emergent Majorana zero-modes in an intrinsic anti-ferromagnetic topological superconductor Mn2B2 monolayer.

Topological superconductors (TSCs) are an exotic field due to the existence of Majorana zero-modes (MZM) in the edge states that obey non-Abelian statistics and can be used to implement topological quantum computations, especially for two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we predict manganese diboride (Mn2B2) as an intrinsic 2D anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) TSC based on the magnetic and electronic structures of Mn and B atoms. Once Mn2B2 ML enters a superconducting state, MZM will be induced by the spin-polarized helical gapless edge states. The Z2 topological non-trivial properties are confirmed by Wannier charge centers (WCC) and the platform of the spin Hall conductivity near the Fermi level. Phonon-electron coupling (EPC) implies s-wave superconductivity and the critical temperature (Tc) is 6.79 K.

Topological polarization singular lasing with highly efficient radiation channel

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) in photonic crystals describe the originally leaky Bloch modes that can become bounded when their radiation fields carry topological polarization singularities. However, topological polarization singularities do not carry energy to far field, which limits radiation efficiencies of BICs for light emitting applications. Here, we demonstrate a topological polarization singular laser which has a topological polarization singular channel in the second Brillouin zone and a paired linearly polarized radiation channel in the first Brillouin zone. The presence of the singular channel enables the lasing mode with a higher quality factor than other modes for single mode lasing. In the meanwhile, the presence of the radiation channel secures the lasing mode with high radiation efficiency. The demonstrated topological polarization singular laser operates at room temperature with an external quantum efficiency exceeding 24%. Our work presents a new paradigm in eigenmode engineering for mode selection, exotic field manipulation and lasing.

2+δ-Dimensional Materials via Atomistic Z-Welding.

Pivotal to functional van der Waals stacked flexible electronic/excitonic/spintronic/thermoelectric chips is the synergy amongst constituent layers. However; the current techniques viz. sequential chemical vapor deposition, micromechanical/wet-chemical transfer are mostly limited due to diffused interfaces, and metallic remnants/bubbles at the interface. Inter-layer-coupled 2+δ-dimensional materials, as a new class of materials can be significantly suitable for out-of-plane carrier transport and hence prompt response in prospective devices. Here, the discovery of the use of exotic electric field ≈106 Vcm- 1 (at microwave hot-spot) and 2 thermomechanical conditions i.e. pressure ≈1MPa, T≈ 200°C (during solvothermal reaction) to realize 2+δ-dimensional materials is reported. It is found that Pz Pz chemical bonds form between the component layers, e.g., CB and CN in G-BN, MoN and MoB in MoS2 -BN hybrid systems as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. New vibrational peaks in Raman spectra (BC ≈1320cm-1 for the G-BN system and MoB ≈365cm-1 for the MoS2 -BN system) are recorded. Tunable mid-gap formation, along with diodic behavior (knee voltage ≈0.7V, breakdown voltage ≈1.8V) in the reduced graphene oxide-reduced BN oxide (RGO-RBNO) hybrid system is also observed. Band-gap tuning in MoS2 -BN system is observed. Simulations reveal stacking-dependent interfacial charge/potential drops, hinting at the feasibility of next-generation functional devices/sensors.

The preparation of rigid hybrid silicone resins by combining carbon nanomaterial loading nanoparticles

AbstractA series of carbon nanotubes and graphene loading nanoparticles (Mo, Ru, and Pt) were synthesized by the ethylene glycol reduction, in addition, the nanomaterials went through the silanization process by (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in order to obtain the perfect consistency and dispersibility. The characterization results were then exhibited by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy tests. Furthermore, the nanomaterials modified silicone resins were obtained by combining methyl phenyl silicone resins, nanocarbon material and HOOBt. The differential scanning calorimetry, sol–gel time and thermogravimetric analysis tests showed the preferable improvement of heat‐resistant quality. Then the silicone resin matrix composites were manufactured by molding process and went through a thermal decomposition process. The ILSS, bending strength and modulus results showed that the hybrid modified silicone resin composites had the leading trend (361.4 MPa, 190.3 MPa, 13.5 GPa, etc.) at all temperature stages. This experimental scheme of carbon nanomaterial loading nanoparticles and hybrid modified silicone resins would have a competitive advantage in exotic material field.

Four-row APPLE-Knot undulator mechanical design and test piece studies for High Energy Photon Source

A four-row APPLE-Knot undulator is under developing in the High Energy Photon Source to get polarization adjustable synchrotron radiation and reduce on-axis heat load, because of the exotic magnetic field design, its construction faces challenges in mechanical design of frame, magnet blocks holder and integral field shimming method. In this paper, a mechanical design for APPLE-Knot undulator has been posed and structural deformation has been analysed, a test piece has been manufactured to test the physical design as well as magnetic holder design, integral field shimming method has also been described and realized, the result presents a good repeatability. It's a practical design of four-row APPLE-Knot undulator for the High Energy Photon Source.

New physics in triboson event topologies

We present a study of the sensitivity to models of new physics of proton collisions resulting in three electroweak bosons. As a benchmark, we analyze models in which an exotic scalar field $\ensuremath{\phi}$ is produced in association with a gauge boson ($V=\ensuremath{\gamma}$ or $Z$). The scalar then decays to a pair of bosons, giving the process $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}V\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{V}^{\ensuremath{'}}{V}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}V$. We interpret our results in a set of effective field theories where the exotic scalar fields couple to the Standard Model through pairs of electroweak gauge bosons. We estimate the sensitivity of the LHC and HL-LHC datasets and find sensitivity to cross sections in the 10 fb--0.5 fb range, corresponding to scalar masses of 500 GeV to 2 TeV and effective operator coefficients up to 35 TeV.

Low-energy limit of some exotic lattice theories and UV/IR mixing

We continue our exploration of exotic, gapless lattice and continuum field theories with subsystem global symmetries. In an earlier paper, we presented free lattice models enjoying all the global symmetries (except continuous translations), dualities, and anomalies of the continuum theories. Here, we study in detail the relation between the lattice models and the corresponding continuum theories. We do that by analyzing the spectrum of the theories and several correlation functions. These lead us to uncover interesting subtleties in the way the continuum limit can be taken. In particular, in some cases, the infinite volume limit and the continuum limit do not commute. This signals a surprising UV/IR mixing, i.e., long distance sensitivity to short distance details.

Fractons and Exotic Symmetries from Branes

AbstractThe emerging study of fractons, a new type of quasi‐particle with restricted mobility, has motivated the construction of several classes of interesting continuum quantum field theories with novel properties. One such class consists of foliated field theories which, roughly, are built by coupling together fields supported on the leaves of foliations of spacetime. Another approach, which we refer to as exotic field theory, focuses on constructing Lagrangians consistent with special symmetries (like subsystem symmetries) that are adjacent to fracton physics. A third framework is that of infinite‐component Chern‐Simons theories, which attempts to generalize the role of conventional Chern‐Simons theory in describing (2+1)D Abelian topological order to fractonic order in (3+1)D. The study of these theories is ongoing, and many of their properties remain to be understood. Historically, it has been fruitful to study QFTs by embedding them into string theory. One way this can be done is via D‐branes, extended objects whose dynamics can, at low energies, be described in terms of conventional quantum field theory. QFTs that can be realized in this way can then be analyzed using the rich mathematical and physical structure of string theory. In this paper, we show that foliated field theories, exotic field theories, and infinite‐component Chern‐Simons theories can all be realized on the world‐volumes of branes. We hope that these constructions will ultimately yield valuable insights into the physics of these interesting field theories.

Emergent Fine Structure Constant of Quantum Spin Ice Is Large.

Condensed-matter systems provide alternative "vacua" exhibiting emergent low-energy properties drastically different from those of the standard model. A case in point is the emergent quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the fractionalized topological magnet known as quantum spin ice, whose magnetic monopoles set it apart from the familiar QED of the world we live in. Here, we show that the two greatly differ in their fine structure constant α, which parametrizes how strongly matter couples to light: α_{QSI} is more than an order of magnitude greater than α_{QED}≈1/137. Furthermore, α_{QSI}, the emergent speed of light, and all other parameters of the emergent QED, are tunable by engineering the microscopic Hamiltonian. We find that α_{QSI} can be tuned all the way from zero up to what is believed to be the strongest possible coupling beyond which QED confines. In view of the small size of its constrained Hilbert space, this marks out quantum spin ice as an ideal platform for studying exotic quantum field theories and a target for quantum simulation. The large α_{QSI} implies that experiments probing candidate condensed-matter realizations of quantum spin ice should expect to observe phenomena arising due to strong interactions.

Precision axion physics with running axion couplings

We study the renormalization group running of axion couplings while taking into account that the Standard Model can be extended to its supersymmetric extension at a certain energy scale below the axion decay constant. We then apply our results to three different classes of axion models, i.e. KSVZ-like, DFSZ-like, and string-theoretic axions, and examine if string-theoretic axions can be distinguished from others by having a different pattern of low energy couplings to the photon, nucleons and electron. We find that the low energy couplings of string-theoretic axions have a similar pattern as those of KSVZ-like axions but yet reveal a sizable difference which might be testable in future axion search experiments. We also note that the coupling of KSVZ-like QCD axions to the electron is dominated by a three-loop contribution involving the exotic heavy quark, gluons, top quark and Higgs field.

Family non-universal U(1)′ model with minimal number of exotics

We have studied phenomenological implications of several family non-universal U(1)′ sub-models in the U(1)′-extended Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (UMSSM) possessing an extra down quark type exotic field. In doing this, we have started by enforcing anomaly cancellation criteria to generate a number of solutions in which the extra U(1)′ charges of the particles are treated as free parameters. We have then imposed existing bounds coming from colliders and astrophysical observations on the assumed sub-models and observed that current limits dictate certain charge orientations, for instance, QHu∼QHd is preferred in general and the charge of the singlet QS cannot be very small (|QS|> 0.4) even if any of the charges is allowed to take any value within the [−1,1] range. We have finally studied the potential impact of such non-universal charges on Z′ mediated processes and made predictions for existing and future experiments. It has turned out that UMSSMs with or without the presence of light exotic quarks can yield distinguishable signatures if non-universal charges are realised in the leptonic sector of such models.

QCD axion and gravitational waves in light of NANOGrav results

The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) collaboration has recently reported strong evidence for a stochastic process affecting the 12.5 yr dataset of pulsar timing residuals. We show that the signal can be interpreted in terms of a stochastic gravitational wave background emitted from a network of axionic strings in the early Universe. The spontaneous breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry originate the axionic string network and the QCD axion, the dark matter particle in the model. We explore a non-standard cosmological model driven by an exotic scalar field $\phi$ which evolves under the influence of a self-interacting potential; the axion field starts to oscillate during the modified cosmology, and provides the dark matter observed. For an equation of state $w_\phi < 1/3$, the QCD axion mass is smaller than expected in the standard cosmology and the GW spectrum from axionic strings is larger. We assess the parameter space of the model which is consistent with the NANOGrav-$12.5\,$yr detection, which can be explained within 95\% limit by a QCD axion field evolving in a dust-like scenario, as well as within 68\% limit in a cosmology with $w_\phi < 0$.

Normal forms for strong magnetic systems on surfaces: trapping regions and rigidity of Zoll systems

AbstractWe prove a normal form for strong magnetic fields on a closed, oriented surface and use it to derive two dynamical results for the associated flow. First, we show the existence of invariant tori and trapping regions provided a natural non-resonance condition holds. Second, we prove that the flow cannot be Zoll unless (i) the Riemannian metric has constant curvature and the magnetic function is constant, or (ii) the magnetic function vanishes and the metric is Zoll. We complement the second result by exhibiting an exotic magnetic field on a flat two-torus yielding a Zoll flow for arbitrarily weak rescalings.