Gravitational memory effects of black bounces and a traversable wormhole

Abstract

Black bounces are spacetimes that can be interpreted as either black holes or wormholes depending on specific parameters. In this study, we examine the Simpson–Visser and Bardeen-type solutions as black bounces and investigate the gravitational wave in the background of these solutions. We then explore the displacement and velocity memory effects by analyzing the deviation of two neighboring geodesics and their derivatives influenced by the magnetic charge parameter a. This investigation aims to trace the magnetic charge in the gravitational memory effect. Additionally, we consider another family of traversable wormhole solutions obtained from non-exotic matter sources to trace the electric charge Qe\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q_{e}$$\\end{document} in the gravitational memory effect, which can be determined from the far field asymptotic. Furthermore, this research aims to explore the gravitational memory effect related to the variation in Bondi mass for the Simpson–Visser and Bardeen-type black bounces. The investigation will also be conducted on a traversable wormhole solution that does not require any exotic field. This study holds importance in not only identifying compact objects such as wormholes through gravitational memory effects but also in observing the charge Qe\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q_{e}$$\\end{document}, which offers a tangible manifestation of Wheeler’s idea of “electric charge without charge.”