Exit Phase Research Articles

Хозяйственно-биологические характеристики фестулолиума сорта Фест и особенности возделывания

One of the conditions for increasing the efficiency of feed production is the expansion of crops of perennial grasses and the permanent creation of their varieties. Festulolium ( Festulolium F. Aschers. et Graebn.) is a new crop with a complex of economically useful traits, the varieties of which are created by the method of hybridization of species in the system of genera Lolium and Festuca. Due to the use of combinations of different initial combinations of parents to create new varieties of festulolium, varieties of this culture have a number of distinctive features. The Fest variety was obtained as a result of intergenerational hybridization of ryegrass and fescue (Lolium multiflorum Lam.  Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Tetraploid of the ryegrass morphotype. It was created by the method of experimental polyploidy with the selection of compatible fertile plants and subsequent multiple familial selection of elite plants in the population according to productive longevity, disease resistance, the level of yield of green mass and seeds, the intensity of regrowth and tolerance to repeated mowing. The variety is characterized by high seed productivity, the biological yield of its seeds can reach 1.7 t/ha. Under production conditions, the actual seed collections are usually 0.7–0.9 t/ha, and under favorable conditions and compliance with cultivation technology — up to 1.2 t/ha or more. The variety has high feed advantages, has an improved protein-carbohydrate complex. The content of carbohydrates in the tube exit phase is 22.2%, crude protein — 10.4–11.2%, crude fiber — 26%. The green mass, removed during the exit phase into the tube, is perfectly eaten by animals, since it contains a large amount of sugar in the dry matter. To increase the efficiency of the production use of the variety in different regions, it is necessary to develop zonal technologies for its cultivation for fodder purposes and seeds.

Агробиологические особенности и хозяйственно полезные характеристики фестулолиума сорта Аллегро

One of the directions of increasing the efficiency of feed production is the creation and introduction of new varieties of forage grasses with improved economically useful characteristics and a wide range of adaptive properties. Festulolium is a new crop with high fodder qualities, which has a pronounced trend towards expanding the area of crops in the country in recent decades. This is largely due to the creation of a line of new varieties of this crop, the accumulation of positive experience of use in production condi-tions for the procurement of high-quality feed. The Allegro variety was bred as a result of intergenera-tional hybridization of perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue, has a high adaptive potential for cultivation in a wide range of soil and climatic conditions, is characterized by high feed and seed productivity. The variety is winter-hardy, medium-resistant to snow mold and spotting, in comparison with ryegrass, resis-tant to lodging, with a high shoot-forming ability. It is characterized by competitiveness when sowing in grasslands. According to the type of development, it belongs to winter plants and does not form genera-tive shoots in the year of sowing. It is characterized by a high yield of green mass — 25–30 t/ha, with the observance of agricultural cultivation techniques and sufficient moisture supply, it is able to form up to 40–50 t/ha of green mass in total for three mowing. The highest yield of green mass is formed in the second or third years of life. The content of carbohydrates in the dry matter of the green mass in the tube exit phase is 13.4–15%, crude protein — 11–13%, crude fiber — 26%.

How 2- and 4-year-old children coordinate social interactions with peers.

The Interaction Engine Hypothesis postulates that humans have a unique ability and motivation for social interaction. A crucial juncture in the ontogeny of the interaction engine could be around 2-4 years of age, but observational studies of children in natural contexts are limited. These data appear critical also for comparison with non-human primates. Here, we report on focal observations on 31 children aged 2- and 4-years old in four preschools (10 h per child). Children interact with a wide range of partners, many infrequently, but with one or two close friends. Four-year olds engage in cooperative social interactions more often than 2-year olds and fight less than 2-year olds. Conversations and playing with objects are the most frequent social interaction types in both age groups. Children engage in social interactions with peers frequently (on average 13 distinct social interactions per hour) and briefly (28 s on average) and shorter than those of great apes in comparable studies. Their social interactions feature entry and exit phases about two-thirds of the time, less frequently than great apes. The results support the Interaction Engine Hypothesis, as young children manifest a remarkable motivation and ability for fast-paced interactions with multiple partners. This article is part of the theme issue 'Revisiting the human 'interaction engine': comparative approaches to social action coordination'.

A systematic literature review of service-related research on refugees

PurposeThis study aims to systematically review and conceptualise service-related research on refugees to identify gaps in the literature, derive future research avenues and stimulate interdisciplinary research and practice to improve well-being of refugees.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) of 102 journal articles published or available online from 2010 to 2020.FindingsTen themes are identified across the three phases of the refugees’ service journey (entry, transition and exit). Most of the articles focus on the exit phase. One-third of the literature analyses refugees’ access and adaptation to health-care services. The dearth of research on other refugee services reflects the failure to attend to all aspects of service provision across all phases of the refugee service journey.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the ten themes across the three phases require scholars’ and practitioners’ attention, different aspects of the SLR’s findings necessitate further investigation. To reinvigorate research and practice, and stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration, a novel Communities of Practice approach is suggested.Practical implicationsPractitioners and policymakers should place more focus on the entry and transition phases of the refugee service journey.Social implicationsLack of research and engagement with the first two phases of the refugee journey might come at the expense of refugees. More service support is needed to buffer the journey from homeland to host country.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this SLR on refugee-related services is the first of its kind from a service research perspective.

Pressure estimation of wave-in-deck loading using velocity fields obtained by particle image velocimetry

This study presents the application of a particle image velocimetry based pressure estimation method to reconstruct pressure distributions along a deck due to wave-in-deck loading. A series of experiments on wave-in-deck loading caused by focused waves were conducted in a two-dimensional wave tank to measure vertical force, pressure distributions and the PIV velocity fields under the deck. Fluid pressure fields were reconstructed by spatial integration of pressure gradients computed from Euler equation. The estimated pressures from PIV velocity data were compared and validated with the measured pressures by five pressure sensors under the deck. In the material acceleration calculation based on the Eulerian and pseudo-Lagrangian approaches, a proper time interval could be chosen to reduce errors in the pressure estimation results. The Eulerian approach provided less errors for pressure time series estimation, but the pseudo-Lagrangian approach showed a better agreement at maximum pressure. The estimated pressure fields and pressure distributions under the deck were studied to understand the mechanism of loading phenomena. Finally, the effect of the vortex beneath the leading edge during the water exit phase was discussed in relation to force and pressure measurements.

Применение регулятора роста «Эдагум СМ» на посевах озимой пшеницы в РСО-Алания

Abstract. The authors present the results of the use of a growth regulator on winter wheat crops in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the growth regulator “Edagum SM” on the growth, development, productivity and quality of grain of promising winter wheat varieties, taking into account ecological and economic efficiency and improving on this basis the resource-saving technology of culture cultivation in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The novelty lies in the fact that the features of the growth and development of promising winter wheat varieties have been studied depending on the doses of the growth regulator “Edagum SM” and their effect on the photosynthetic activity of plants has been shown. Optimal seeding rates of promising varieties have been established, ensuring high crop productivity and improving the quality indicators of the products obtained. The object of research were high-yielding varieties of winter wheat – Homer and Bagrat, selected by the P. P. Lukyanenko National Research Center. Methods. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the educational and methodological manual for conducting research in agronomy. Results. As a result of the use of a growth regulator, for Homer and Bagrat varieties, the best option is “Edagum SM” (450 ml/ha), and the optimal seeding rate is 5 mln/ha (Gomer variety) and 4 mln/ha (Bagrat variety). The greatest increase in photosynthetic power was observed during the period of exit into the tube-earing. The net photosynthesis productivity of winter wheat increased from the tillering phase to the exit phase into the tube and the maximum indicators reached during earing-milk ripeness. The crop yield, depending on the dose of the growth regulator, increased by 0.13–0.22 t/ha (Homer variety, seeding rate 3 mln/ha). The grain nature index, depending on the studied variants, varied between 691–722 g/l (Homer variety) and 689–720 g/l (Bagrat variety). The protein content varied in the range of 10.1–13.2 % a. s. v., and gluten – 24–26 %. Profitability ranged from 22–47 %.

지방 창업생태계의 성장을 위한 탐색적 연구: 시스템 사고에 의한 접근

The purpose of this study is to analyze the feedback structure of the growth of the Start-up ecosystem at the local level. The Start-up ecosystem at the local level develops through the cycle of start-up phase, growth phase, exit phase, reinvestment and re-startup phase, and grows through the mutual causal relationship of various factors at each stage. In addition, it can be seen that the Start-up ecosystem is greatly influenced by the mutual causal relationship between the factors of Subject, Environment, Resource, and Mechanism based on the ser-M model. Compared to the metropolitan-based Start-up ecosystem, the local Start-up ecosystem is characterized by the importance of the role of local investment funds. In terms of systems thinking of the local Start-up ecosystem, this study explored the feedback structure for the growth of the local Start-up ecosystem and suggested policy alternatives for the local Start-up ecosystem to grow more continuously.

X-ray FEL linear accelerator design via start-to-end global optimization

An X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) prefers using an electron beam with low emittance, small energy spread, and a high core current to generate coherent radiation through an undulator. In order to attain such a high brightness beam, the linear accelerator beam dynamics design generally involves separate photoinjector optimization and linac optimization. In this paper, we propose a new beam dynamics design strategy based on global optimization with fast start-to-end simulations from the photocathode to the end of the accelerator. The new start-to-end model significantly reduces the simulation time and makes the global optimization practical. The global optimization method avoids the need to choose a single solution based on bunch length at the injector exit for the linac optimization and helps find the solution with unfavorable bunch length at the injector exit but better phase space distribution that can result in better final electron beam phase space distribution at the entrance of the undulator. Using the start-to-end global optimization, we showed in an application example, with a 100 pC beam that good transverse emittance and over kilo-Ampere final core current can be attained using a photoinjector that consists of a VHF gun and boosting RF cavities.

Adherence to COVID-19 measures: The critical role of autonomous motivation on a short- and long-term basis.

To limit the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2-virus, governments worldwide have introduced behavioral measures that require considerable effort from their citizens to adhere to. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the present research sought to examine in a study among Belgian citizens the cross-sectional (total N = 45975, Mage = 50.42), week-to-week (subsample 1;N = 981, Mage = 41.32), and long-term (subsample 2;N = 5643, Mage = 53.09) associations between various individual motives to follow government guidelines and their self-reported adherence to these measures. Controlling for COVID-specific concerns and perceived risk for infection, autonomous motivation related positively to citizens' concurrent adherence (total sample), their increased week-to-week adherence during the lockdown (subsample 1), and their persistent adherence during an exit phase (subsample 2). Introjected regulation and external regulation were positively and negatively associated with concurrent adherence, respectively, but had no long-term predictive value. The findings indicate that citizens' autonomous motivation is a robust predictor of adherence, suggesting that politicians, policymakers, and experts do well to adopt a communication style that ongoingly fosters autonomous motivation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Effect of fertilizer and cultivation systems and herbicide application on soil biological activity under spring barley cultivation and its yield

The results of the research devoted to the change of the biological composition of the soil under the conditions of activation of microbiological vital activity and increase in the number of earthworms in the technology of spring barley cultivation are presented. It was found that the organic system of growing crops against the background of manure, cereal straw and green manure in comparison with the organo-mineral system obtained a positive dynamics of decomposition of linen tissue and the development of earthworms in the soil.The highest grain yield was formed by agrocenosis of spring barley with the introduction of Lancelot 450 WG – 0.033 kg·ha–1 + Axial 50 EC – 1 dm3·ha–1 (tube exit phase) – 4900 kg·ha–1 and 4700 kg·ha–1 for organo-mineral and organic fertilizer systems in accordance.

Simulation of biomass and municipal solid waste pellet gasification using Aspen Plus

The work deals with the simulation of biomass and municipal solid waste pellet gasification using Aspen Plus software. The effects of key parameters on the composition of the emitted gas are discussed, including gasification temperature, moisture content, and equivalence ratio. The sensitivity analysis was studied with the Aspen Plus Software, which includes FORTRAN modules. The simulation is validated using experimental results, which revealed that it was roughly correct. Using air as the gasification agent, the sensitivity analysis findings confirm higher temperatures promote syngas production with increased hydrogen and energy content. The simulation results demonstrated that CO2 concentration (3.95%) increases from 450°C to 600°C and then decreased drastically near 0.225kmol/hr. at 900°C. As the gasification temperature rises from 450°C to 900°C, the CO concentration rises and the H2: CO ratio falls. At 900°C, increasing the gasification temperature results in a product gas with more H2 (65%) and CO (12.43%), resulting in a higher calorific value, whereas the contents of CH4, CO2, and H2O followed an inverse correlation. CH4 decreased with temperature because of the formation of exothermic methane reactions. When the gasification process reaches 800°C, all components except CO2 become steady, and gasification reactions were achieved. The equivalence ratio (ER) ranged from 0.2 to 0.3. The gas produced by a gasifier is highly dependent on the ER value. The ER determines the gas quality, and it must be less than 1 to ensure that it gasifies the fuel rather than burnt. Moisture content was 10wt. %, this is an essential parameter for the optimum conditions during the gasification process. Moisture content determines the gas characteristics at the exit phase. The model predictions and calculated values are in good agreement.

Unsteady Aerodynamic Response of a Flat Plate Encountering Large-Amplitude Sharp-Edged Gust

This study presents numerical findings of the response of a flat plate to transverse, sharp-edged gusts at a low Reynolds number (). A split velocity method was implemented in a three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver to simulate a rigid flat plate wing at steady velocity and 0° angle of incidence encountering a sudden sharp-edged gust. The gust perturbations in the flow domain were prescribed to the grid points, and source terms were added to the governing equations to account for the full interaction between the wing and the gust. Two sharp-edged gust profiles are considered: 1) a top-hat profile gust of finite width and 2) a step profile gust of infinite width. The gust amplitude varies from 4 to 120% of the freestream velocity (). The split velocity method was found to be capable of capturing the physical phenomenon of flat plate undergoing sharp-edged gust, and the predicted lift coefficient is found to be in good agreement with that of experiments. The duration and magnitude of the wing–gust interaction were both found to affect the airfoil response. In the step gust encounter, the lift behaves similarly to that predicted by the Küssner’s model for small-amplitude gusts where . The lift buildup is nonlinear for larger gust amplitudes where . Convolution with the computed step gust response shows good agreement with the simulated response during long and large gust encounters. However, both computational fluid dynamics and Küssner-convolution-based methods fail to predict the exit phase from gust and the recovery to a steady-state value.

Enzymatic activity of spring wheat plants in the treatment of seeds with biostimulants and UFP of metals

The results of field experiments on the influence of different options of ultrafine metal particles, their oxides, their combinations, and biostimulants on the antioxidant activity of SOD, the content of malonovodialdehyde, and the amount of photosynthetic pigments in arid conditions are presented. The positive effect of the studied options of ultrafine metal particles and their oxides on the content of both types of chlorophyll is noted. There are phase of exit into the tube and the reduction of the type of chlorophyll b in the variants of the UFP of iron and silicon oxide and their combination. In the earing phase, an increase in the proportion of chlorophyll a over chlorophyll b was observed in most variants of the experiment. The amount of SOD enzyme under the action of metals UFP and their oxides increased, a positive effect among the biostimulant options was obtained by Agroverm and Siliplant. Biofertilizer Blago3 contributed to the reduction of the amount of malonovodialdehyde.

Substance related offending behaviour programme (SROBP): exploring male prisoner’s experiences of treatment and application of learning

PurposeCognitive-behavioural interventions, such as the substance related offending behaviour programme (SROBP), are being implemented across forensic contexts in an attempt to address the detrimental economic, social and personal impacts of substance use and offending. Whilst support exists for the effectiveness of such treatment, there remains to be limited knowledge of offenders’ experiences of treatment and factors that promote treatment efficacy and support desistance. This study aims to develop an idiographical understanding of those processes.Design/methodology/approachSix prisoners who had completed the SROBP were interviewed via a semi-structured schedule to collate their individual experiences of engaging in treatment. Interviews transcripts were analysed by the lead researcher using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and external auditing analysis was conducted by the research supervisors.FindingsThree superordinate themes resulted: “Therapeutic processes and relationships,” “Therapeutic outcomes” and “Threats to post treatment recovery.” Participants identified factors which facilitated the effectiveness of treatment and were effective in meeting their needs, although there were other factors that required improvement.Practical implicationsThe important role of motivation at various stages of treatment as this engenders commitment to treatment aims and longer-term recovery. Treatment efficacy is linked with perceived relevance and value of treatment outcomes in supporting desistence from substance use. Pro-social peer relationships are important for effective application of learning and recovery. Attentiveness to participants specific needs is required. The lack of post-programme support has the potential to threaten therapeutic alliances and reinforce experiences of rejection and abandonment. The management of the exit phase from programmes is critical.Originality/valueResults are discussed in light of their implications for future working practices in supporting therapeutic processes and rehabilitative culture.

Assessing joint commitment as a process in great apes

SummaryMany social animals interact jointly, but only humans experience a specific sense of obligation toward their co-participants, a joint commitment. However, joint commitment is not only a mental state but also a process that reveals itself in the coordination efforts deployed during entry and exit phases of joint action. Here, we investigated the presence and duration of such phases in N = 1,242 natural play and grooming interactions of captive chimpanzees and bonobos. The apes frequently exchanged mutual gaze and communicative signals prior to and after engaging in joint activities with conspecifics, demonstrating entry and exit phases comparable to those of human joint activities. Although rank effects were less clear, phases in bonobos were more moderated by friendship compared to phases in chimpanzees, suggesting bonobos were more likely to reflect patterns analogous to human “face management”. This suggests that joint commitment as process was already present in our last common ancestor with Pan.

Nearly scale-invariant curvature modes from entropy perturbations during the graceful exit phase

In this Letter, we describe how a spectrum of entropic perturbations generated during a period of slow contraction can source a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations on length scales larger than the Hubble radius during the transition from slow contraction to a classical non-singular bounce (the `graceful exit' phase). The sourcing occurs naturally through higher-order scalar field kinetic terms common to classical (non-singular) bounce mechanisms. We present a concrete example in which, by the end of the graceful exit phase, the initial entropic fluctuations have become negligible and the curvature fluctuations have a nearly scale-invariant spectrum with an amplitude consistent with observations.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on adult diagnostic neuroradiology in Europe

PurposeThe purpose of this survey was to understand the impact the Covid-19 pandemic has or has had on the work, training, and wellbeing of professionals in the field of diagnostic neuroradiology.MethodsA survey was emailed to all ESNR members and associates as well as distributed via professional social media channels. The survey was held in the summer of 2020 when the first wave had subsided in most of Europe, while the second wave was not yet widespread. The questionnaire featured a total of 46 questions on general demographics, the various phases of the healthcare crisis, and the numbers of Covid-19 patients.ResultsOne hundred sixty-seven responses were received from 48 countries mostly from neuroradiologists (72%). Most commonly taken measures during the crisis phase were reduction of outpatient exams (87%), reduction of number of staff present in the department (83%), reporting from home (62%), and shift work (54%). In the exit phase, these measures were less frequently applied, but reporting from home was still frequent (33%). However, only 22% had access to a fully equipped work station at home. While 81% felt safe at work during the crisis, fewer than 50% had sufficient personal protection equipment for the duration of the entire crisis. Mental wellbeing is an area of concern, with 61% feeling (much) worse than usual. Many followed online courses/congresses and considered these a viable alternative for the future.ConclusionThe Covid-19 pandemic substantially affected the professional life as well as personal wellbeing of neuroradiologists.

Efficiency of integrated use of mineral and microbiological fertilizers on winter rye yield in the Novgorod region

As a result of the research experiment it was established that the highest yield of winter rye grain of 7.3 and 6.3 t/ha and digestible protein of 0.66 and 0.57 t/ha were obtained when applying doses of mineral fertilizers based on the planned yield (background 1) and reduced by 50% (background 2) in relation to background 1 and double use of microbiological fertilizers: in a tank mixture with a pesticide when etching seeds of 2.0 l/t and non-root treatment of crops in the tillering — exit phase at plant height up to 30 cm of 1 l/ha of each preparation. The use of Azotovite and Phosphatovite twice in technological operations allowed to obtain an additional yield of winter rye grain of 2.4 and 2.1 tons per hectare (more than 48%) in relation to backgrounds 1 and 2 respectively. High grain yield and low cost of microbiological fertilizers, as well as their combined use in tank mixtures with pesticides, provided high energy-economic indicators of winter rye cultivation technologies: low energy intensity of production of a ton of grain (less than 2.4 GJ), high energy efficiency coefficient (more than 7.2 units), production profitability of more than 170%.

Water entry and exit of 2D and axisymmetric bodies

The present paper is dedicated to the development of a numerical model for the water impact of two-dimensional (2D) and axisymmetric bodies with imposed motion. The work is a first step towards the implementation of a 2D+t procedure to be used for the analysis of aircraft ditching. The problem is investigated under the assumptions of an inviscid and incompressible fluid, which is modeled by a potential flow model with fully non-linear boundary conditions at the free-surface. The unsteady boundary value problem with a free-surface is numerically solved through a boundary element method, coupled to a simplified finite element method to describe the thinnest part of the jet. The study is aimed at describing the entry and exit phases. Specific numerical solutions are developed to tackle the exit phase and to improve the stability of the model. Results are presented in terms of free-surface shape, pressure distribution and hydrodynamic load acting on the impacting body. The model is used to study the water entry and exit of a 2D wedge and an axisymmetric cone, for which numerical or experimental results are available in the literature. The numerical investigation shows that the proposed model accurately simulate both the entry and exit phases. For the exit phase, it is shown that the proposed model, being fully non-linear, provides a much better prediction of the loads and the wetted area compared to simplified (analytical) approaches. The effects of the gravity, usually missing in the approaches available in the literature, are also investigated, showing they are rather important, especially, in the exit phase.

Fear of COVID-19 in Madrid. Will patients avoid dental care?

IntroductionThe objective of this research is to describe how perceived infectability, germ aversion, and fear of COVID-19 in adults in Madrid have changed from the beginning of the pandemic until the lockdown exit phase and their influence on dental care behaviour. Materials and MethodsSome 961 participants were monitored in a study in Madrid at 2 time points: before lockdown (T0) and after completion of the total lockdown (T1). A questionnaire that included basic sociodemographic variables, the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (including perceived infectability and germ aversion), the fear of COVID-19 scale, and dental visiting behaviour after confinement for fear of COVID was administered. ResultsThe participants had higher scores for infectability and germ aversion at T1 than at T0 (P < 0.01). Of those studied, 24.5% (235) of the participants would not go to the dentist for fear of COVID-19. Those who had a high perceived infectability scale score were at least 5 times more likely to not visit the dentist. Those with high COVID-19 fear were at least 6 times more likely to not visit the dentist, and those older than 60 years were 8 times more likely to not visit. ConclusionsThe population's high levels of vulnerability to infectability and perceived germ aversion associated with fear of COVID-19 and the resultant avoidance behaviour to dental care will remain until an effective drug or vaccine for SARS-CoV2 is found.