Хозяйственно-биологические характеристики фестулолиума сорта Фест и особенности возделывания

Abstract

One of the conditions for increasing the efficiency of feed production is the expansion of crops of perennial grasses and the permanent creation of their varieties. Festulolium ( Festulolium F. Aschers. et Graebn.) is a new crop with a complex of economically useful traits, the varieties of which are created by the method of hybridization of species in the system of genera Lolium and Festuca. Due to the use of combinations of different initial combinations of parents to create new varieties of festulolium, varieties of this culture have a number of distinctive features. The Fest variety was obtained as a result of intergenerational hybridization of ryegrass and fescue (Lolium multiflorum Lam.  Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Tetraploid of the ryegrass morphotype. It was created by the method of experimental polyploidy with the selection of compatible fertile plants and subsequent multiple familial selection of elite plants in the population according to productive longevity, disease resistance, the level of yield of green mass and seeds, the intensity of regrowth and tolerance to repeated mowing. The variety is characterized by high seed productivity, the biological yield of its seeds can reach 1.7 t/ha. Under production conditions, the actual seed collections are usually 0.7–0.9 t/ha, and under favorable conditions and compliance with cultivation technology — up to 1.2 t/ha or more. The variety has high feed advantages, has an improved protein-carbohydrate complex. The content of carbohydrates in the tube exit phase is 22.2%, crude protein — 10.4–11.2%, crude fiber — 26%. The green mass, removed during the exit phase into the tube, is perfectly eaten by animals, since it contains a large amount of sugar in the dry matter. To increase the efficiency of the production use of the variety in different regions, it is necessary to develop zonal technologies for its cultivation for fodder purposes and seeds.