Member Exit Research Articles

Strategic Networks’ Dynamics: Evidence of Member Firms’ Retention and Departures in Brazil

Strategic Networks (SNs) have emerged as a prevalent organizational form that offers synergistic benefits to participating firms. Despite their potential, SNs often experience member firms’ departure, raising concerns about their long-term viability. This study explores the factors that influence firms’ decisions to exit SNs by examining the interplay between network maturity, member firms’ satisfaction, and their individual characteristics. Using data from 338 Brazilian firms involved in SNs, a cluster analysis was employed to identify distinct groups of firms based on shared attributes. The findings revealed a significant association between higher perceived maturity, greater satisfaction with SNs, and lower likelihood of departure. These results suggest that network leaders should prioritize cultivating a mature and satisfying SN environment to mitigate member exits. By identifying the critical distinctions between the remaining and departing firms, this study provides valuable insights for network managers seeking to strengthen the longevity and stability of their strategic partnerships.

Team resilience building in response to co-founder exits

Founding teams often experience the exit of co-founders. To develop theory about how founding teams deal with adversity emerging from the exit of one of their members, we take a team-resilience perspective and study the development of six founding teams. Our inductive model highlights how founding teams take different trajectories following team member exits, leading to different types of psychological closure, which impact the teams' resilience building. Our model also suggests how teams not engaging in distancing from the exit-related adversity experience additional adversity within the continuing team, eventually leading to team failure. Our findings challenge and extend extant studies on exits in founding teams and team resilience.

Evaluation Efficacy Of Some Oils Plant Against Of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

This study was conducted to know the impact of treatment of cowpea seeds plant oils as following: - Black seed, castor, sunflower, Alsi and Brassica on Southern cowpea weevil C. maculatus at concentration of (1.5, 3, 4.5) ml / kg seeds.
 The study showed superiority of mustard oil in reducing the average of number of eggs laid on the seeds as it reached 161.13 while the highest rate reached to 208.25 when the testing seeds treatment with sunflower oil. The study also showed that the longer period for exit of the members of the first generation (F1) 28.08 day when the seed treated with mustard oil, while minimum period of 27.00 days when treated with castor oil seeds. We see that the lowest rate for a number of emerging insects 48.50 at the treatment of linseed oil, while the highest rate for a number of emerging insects 53.50 at the treatment of black seed oil. It was found that the lowest rate of damage was 24.90% with linseed seed oil and the highest rate was 29.73 with black seed oil, While the highest rate was in seed weight 21.60% with black seed oil and the lowest rate was 16.88% with mustard oil, And the treatment of the seeds of cowpea plant oils which was used in this study did not show adverse effects on the vital seed treatment significantly. As the results showed that the amount of oil is inversely proportional to both the number of eggs and emerging insects and the percentage of damage, loss and germination, and directly proportional to the period of time required for the exit of members of the first generation (F1).

Relational composition and member turnover of entrepreneurial founder teams at the nascent stage: a typology and empirical evidence

Team composition matters in shaping entrepreneurial outcomes. Focusing on the preexisting relationships among team members, this study examines how the social relational structure of entrepreneurial founder team influences membership turnover. After distinguishing entrepreneurial teams into family-only, non-family only, and family/non-family mixed ones, the study explores the possibility that family ties can serve as a glue in family-only teams, while they can become a source of schism in teams mixed with family and non-family members. Using data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, this research finds that family-only teams have a stable and rigid relational structure with low levels of both member exit and entry, while family/non-family mixed teams have the most vulnerable structure where members tend to leave but new members are unlikely to be recruited. Additionally, non-family teams have an unstable and fluidic structure with a high rate of both member exit and entry. These findings have implications for advancing our understanding of how social relational composition influences the organizational outcomes of entrepreneurial teams.

Engaging Smallholders in Flower Agribusiness for Inclusive Rural Development: The Case of Yunnan, China

Serious farmland scarcities make smallholders a default mode for China’s agriculture, which makes efficient and equitable rural development a great challenge. Tensions lead to alternation between autonomous family farming and coordinated collective agriculture. Rapid urbanization since the 1980s has strongly stimulated flower-growing and agribusiness in Yunnan, China. The organization for commercial flower-farming is, however, an issue. Officially promoted for collective farming, voluntary cooperatives are wrecked by the free-riding problem. Grower associations nevertheless spontaneously emerge, with the flexible entry and exit of members without binding joint-assets and joint-ownership, which is facilitated by technological changes to the transaction. Empirical investigation in Tonghai, Yunnan, unveiled the institution of agribusiness–smallholder partnership for inclusive rural development. Smallholders have actively participated in flower agriculture, which has contributed significantly to the development of rural economies. The high casualty of micro-smallholders suggests that farm size is an important and crucial factor for sustainable farming. Effective rural development has to be supported by endogenous non-agricultural jobs so that farm size can be increased.

Make the Most Of a Member Exit Survey

The Membership Management ReportVolume 17, Issue 6 p. 2-2 Learn From Lapsed Members Make the Most Of a Member Exit Survey First published: 05 May 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/mmr.31716Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume17, Issue6June 2021Pages 2-2 RelatedInformation

Policy Persistence and Drift in Organizations

This paper models the evolution of organizations that allow free entry and exit of members, such as cities and trade unions. In each period, current members choose a policy for the organization. Policy changes attract newcomers and drive away dissatisfied members, altering the set of future policymakers. The resulting feedback effects take the organization down a “slippery slope” that converges to a myopically stable policy, even if the agents are forward‐looking, but convergence becomes slower the more patient they are. The model yields a tractable characterization of the steady state and the transition dynamics. The analysis is also extended to situations in which the organization can exclude members, such as enfranchisement and immigration.

PRESCRIPTION DRUG USE FOR PAIN AND FOR SLEEP AND INCIDENT FRAILTY IN OLDER ADULTS

There is emerging evidence for association of polypharmacy with incident frailty. We performed a longitudinal study within the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to address whether self-reported prescription drug use for pain and/or sleep (co-use or single use for pain or for sleep) influences incident frailty. We utilized data from the 2006–2014 waves of core and family member exit files in HRS to assign self-reported prescription drug use and sociodemographic and other drug use behavior variables as covariates and construct a Burden Model of frailty (≥ 0.2 ratio of positive/total indicators). We performed unadjusted and adjusted competing risk hazard model analysis with death as a competing risk. In a sample of 7,201 unique non-frail (at baseline) individuals (mean[SD] age 72[6.5] years, 54% female, 85% White, 12% African American, 7.3% Hispanic), prevalences of co-use and single-drug use for pain or for sleep were 2.2%, 14.9%, and 5.6%, respectively. Of 7,201 respondents, 2,723 (37.8%) became frail over the follow-up period and 713 (9.9%) died in non-frail state. The adjusted competing risk hazard model suggest that co-use and single use for pain or for sleep were associated with an increase in the risk of frailty by 92%, 58%, and 31%, respectively (p < .001), with statistically significant differences between all risk strata. Adjustment for baseline frailty score and selected chronic disease resulted in modest reductions in effect size with retention of significance. Validation of these initial findings should be undertaken with provider and pharmacy data to identify drug-, dosage-, and duration-specific risks.

Codesharing network vulnerability of global airline alliances

Global airline alliances provide connectivity based on codesharing agreements between member airlines. An alliance member exit leads to the deletion of routes (if not operated by other members) which affects network connectivity. The paper measures the vulnerability of the codesharing network (CN) of Star Alliance, SkyTeam and oneworld, respectively, by applying the theory of complex networks. A normalized CN vulnerability metric is proposed. Using airline schedules data, a ranking of member airlines according to their share in the overall CN vulnerability is derived. The results for CNs are compared with the ones for the respective total network (TN) that includes routes with and without codesharing. The findings show that oneworld is the most vulnerable global airline alliance, SkyTeam ranks second followed by Star Alliance. The proposed graph theory approach might become a building block for a more comprehensive measurement of real world airline networks.

Why Groups Are Politically Active: An Incentive-Theoretical Approach

Political activity is conventionally considered a constitutive feature of interest groups, underpinning an impressive literature on the strategies groups employ to exercise political influence. Whether and how intensely voluntary membership groups engage in political activities to start with, however, are rarely examined. We present a new incentive-theoretical perspective on group political activity, considering both member demands and leadership constraints. We argue that investments in political activities (one way of generating collective incentives) as a means to prevent member exit are more or less important depending on a group’s composition. Simultaneously, the extent to which leaders are incentivized to cater to members’ demands, when trying to balance these against conflicting demands, depends on communication channels between leaders and members and the importance of membership fees. Applying Bayesian ordered logit models to data from two group surveys supports our perspective and stresses the importance of considering how intraorganizational dynamics steer groups’ external activities.

MODEL POLA KEANGGOTAAN PADA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM DI KECAMATAN AMBULU KABUPATEN JEMBER

This study aims to determine how the pattern of membership in the credit union. The research was conducted on credit unions in the District Ambulu Jember which had stood for over 4 years and have done RAT in March 2012. Then taken 2 cooperatives as the research object, namely a cooperative which has the greatest capital and the capital among small cooperatives that meet these criterias. The informant who was the source of the data in this study consisted of (a) Key informant, namely cooperative management in the capture 1 person who has the most dominant role in the management of the cooperative. (b) Other informants, namely (1) the regulatory body, in this case will be taken coordinator supervisor, (2) members of the cooperative, in this case had been selected as 3 members of the group member with the greatest savings, and most had small. Data collection was performed by several techniques, namely (1) in-depth interviews, (2) observation, (3) documentation. The data that had been collected was analyzed using analysis interpretative, the existing qualitative data using an interactive model which consists of 3 main steps: (1) data reduction; (2) the presentation of data, (3) drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study indicate (1) pattern cooperative membership is not only related to the entry and exit of members but it is also associated with the level of participation of members, (2) Participation of members in capital accumulation and utilization of loan services on the pattern membership open higher as compared with the pattern enclosed membership, (3) Prospective members only used as a condition for the loan application, not as a requirement for acceptance into the member.

Indelible disfigurement of face - forensic and legal aspects

Fleeting changes in economic, political and social life dictate the need for changes in the legal field, where the work is not only lawyers but also forensic medical experts, the main job is to help the judicial and investigative authorities in establishing the truth in specific cases where crimes against life, health, honor and dignity. In this article the difficulties with which forensic medical expert has faced during determining the degree of injuries under the criteria of "indelible disfigurement of face" and suggested ways to resolve the conflicts are analyzed.&#x0D; Objective. Analyzation of forensic and legal approaches to solve questions and to find ways to resolve conflicts.&#x0D; Conclusion. We are convinced that no specialist whether the forensic medical expert, an investigator or a judge can not single-handedly solve the problem of disfigurement of face, therefore consider it appropriate to solve the research question within the commission or a comprehensive forensic examination, a fundamental part of which is determined by the person that appointed it to the list of specialists who have the necessary aesthetic ideas to solve the issue on its merits. Order or decision of the representatives of the law enforcement bodies confirm the powers of the Commission within the issues to be addressed and, accordingly, take the possible claims, by the exit of members of the expert committee for the limits of its competence.&#x0D; Despite the fact that our opinion may not be absolutely perfect, this publication we invite experts of forensic experts and lawyers to fruitful discussions and address the issues raised.

Structural Disruption, Relational Experimentation, and Performance in Professional Hockey Teams: A Network Perspective on Member Change

This paper explores how action teams reorganize their interdependent relationships following the exit of a key team member. To do so, I adopt a network perspective to conceptualize interaction patterns as a network, first to identify members who are central to the team’s workflow, and second to assess changes in tie formation as teams experiment with their relational structure following member exit. Using data on professional hockey teams—where unexpected member change due to injury is frequent, but highly interdependent teams nonetheless carry out complex, time-sensitive work—results indicate that the injury of central players negatively affects team performance, even when controlling for individual performance. Teams adapted to central exits by maintaining their existing interaction patterns, even though higher levels of relational experimentation following an injury were positively associated with performance. By considering changes in ties within a team, a network approach focuses on the relationships that are disrupted by compositional change and provides a more flexible way of thinking about adaptation and reorganization beyond a team’s formal structure.

Measuring the vulnerability of global airline alliances to member exits

Abstract We analyse the vulnerability of airline alliance route networks to the exit of member airlines. Vulnerability measures how easy it is to disconnect a network. The assessment is performed by applying the theory of complex networks. We compute the normalized vulnerability for Star Alliance, oneworld and SkyTeam using airline schedules data and derive a ranking of member airlines according to their share in the overall vulnerability of the respective alliance. One result of our paper is that oneworld is the most vulnerable global airline alliance, SkyTeam ranks second, followed by Star Alliance.

TMT Departures and Post‐IPO Outside Director Additions: Implications for Young IPO Firms’ Survival and Performance

We draw on resource‐based logic to argue that relatively stable TMTs and boards are beneficial for young IPO firms because of the need to maintain and develop valuable firm‐specific capabilities and psychological attachment of pre‐IPO TMTs. Using panel data from 272 young IPO firms, we find that pre‐IPO TMT member exits negatively affect young IPO firms’ survival and performance. This negative effect is greater when more post‐IPO outside directors are added. We also find that the above interaction is positively and negatively associated with survival and performance when TMT ownership declines substantially and when firms have a founder CEO, respectively.

Innovation ecosystem: impact of interactive patterns, member location and member heterogeneity on cooperative innovation performance

The cooperative innovation performance of an innovation ecosystem depends on the interactive activities among members of the ecosystem. This study investigates the ways in which the evolution of an innovation ecosystem, member locations, heterogeneity and the pattern of interaction among members affect cooperative innovation performance. We build an interaction model and conduct a simulation experiment and empirical research on China’s railway transportation equipment industry. On the basis of a qualitative and quantitative investigation, we find that the interactive strength of focal firms and their upstream partners is more beneficial to cooperative innovation performance than the interactive strength of focal firms and their downstream partners. These findings also suggest that the exit of members of an innovation ecosystem decreases cooperative innovation performance; however, the effect of the exit of upstream component partners is more significant. We conclude that both the focal and the upstream component firms have positive influential power toward the cooperative innovation performance. In addition, this study suggests that asymmetric relationships between the focal firm and upstream and downstream partners tend to have more significant impact on their cooperative innovation performance, in which a centralized interactive pattern of the ecosystem members generated higher cooperative innovation performance than the dispersed pattern.

AIIB Business Strategy Decisions: What It Can Do Differently to Make a Difference

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) must break from World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) practices to close Asia’s $8.3 trillion infrastructure gap during 2016-2020. Otherwise, AIIB’s stand-alone 2020 investment capacity, projected at $250 billion, will fall far short of the needs. AIIB should invest innovatively to develop infrastructure finance as an asset class and quickly organize concessional financing. AIIB should focus on mobilizing new money from institutional investors by mitigating risks and facilitating the pricing of illiquid long-term infrastructure assets. In particular, AIIB should split its investments between new projects and purchases of existing infrastructure financing, including bank loans (switched then into bonds) and equity to establish Asian infrastructure bond and equity funds. AIIB’s direct investments in new infrastructure projects should emphasize equity, subordinated debt, and guarantees rather than senior debt. AIIB could catalyze new money by addressing legal/regulatory/tax issues and providing political comfort. In addition, AIIB should quickly organize concessional financing and consider easing graduation thresholds based on GDP per capita to avoid too-early member exits from concessional finance.

Governance Structure of Chinese Farmer Cooperatives: Evidence From Zhejiang Province

ABSTRACTThe governance of farmer cooperatives in China is addressed regarding democratic decision‐making procedures, participation in decision making, member exit, and profit allocation. Empirical results from a survey of fruit and vegetable cooperatives in the Zhejiang province (China) indicate that the distribution of ownership rights, decision rights, and income rights in a farmer cooperative is quite skewed towards a small proportion of members. Several governance practices by cooperatives are not in line with the requirements specified by the Law. [EconLit classification; D210; Q130].

Currency Disintegration: Two Scenarios of Withdrawal

The article deals with a member's exit from the Eurozone to solve internal problems with the existing currency union. Taking Greece and Germany as examples, this paper examines the advantages and disadvantages, the process itself, and the consequences of withdrawal for both the exiting member and the monetary union as a whole. Additionally, the concept of parallel currencies (a national currency alongside the Euro) is outlined to address costs and related issues. JEL Classifications: E42, E59, F34

A Matter of Balance: Specialization, Task Variety, and Individual Learning in a Software Maintenance Environment

Specialization at work has been recognized as a key driver of learning and productivity since the days of Adam Smith. More recently, researchers have noted that exposure to task variety can enhance learning. We examine how exposure to specialization and variety jointly drive employee productivity in a real-life setting. We analyze a data set covering 88 individuals who worked on 5,711 maintenance tasks in an offshore software support services operation. We find that, as expected, specialization enhances productivity. However, exposure to variety has a nonlinear influence on productivity; i.e., “too much variety” can impede learning. We also find that achieving a proper balance between specialization and exposure to a variety leads to the highest productivity. We capture this balance using an adaptation of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index from the economics literature. In addition, we examine how the productivity of individuals in a workgroup is affected by member entry and exit, with the latter specified in terms of the degree of specialized experience and the degree of variety experience lost from the workgroup when a member exits. Our analysis reveals that the degree of variety experience lost has a greater impact on productivity than the degree of specialized experience that is lost.