Existing Transportation System Research Articles

The Development of Integrated Public Passenger Transport in Slovenia with Special Emphasis on Pricing

Within the EU, there exist deliberate attempts at the introduction of passenger-friendly integrated public passenger transport (PPT), which should solve many inconveniences that now hamper passengers in using the existing transportation system and should increase the PPT demand. The centerpiece of the integrated PPT system is the integrated ticket, which ideally also implies the integrated pricing (tariff) system. Due to the decline in PPT services in Slovenia the responsible Ministry launched a project aimed at the development of integrated PPT. A study was conducted as part of the project, focusing on the ticket pricing (tariff) model in relation to the existing customer structure. The model is largely based on the transport policy principle, rather than the cost principle, with the Austrian state of Styria as the selected comparable region. The paper also presents the introduction of very reasonably priced integrated monthly student ticket in Slovenia, which demonstrated the importance of substantial government subsidies leading to an increase in student ridership.

Feasibility of Electrifying Urban Goods Distribution Trucks

This paper discusses the feasibility of electrifying medium to heavy urban goods distribution trucks. As a case study, an existing transport system in the Swedish city of Gothenburg is used. The project is a joint research effort between a vehicle OEM, an electric utility, a fleet operator, the Swedish Transport Administration and two research organizations. One main objective is to determine if and when different electrified powertrains are cost efficient to the end user. The results indicate that by 2015 conventional powertrains are still probably the most cost effective alternative in all applications studied. But in 2025, electrified powertrains are most cost efficient for most transport scenarios. These results indicate a transition in preferred powertrain technology for urban trucks within the coming ten years. It is important to point out that this result may not be general. Driving patterns, energy price developments and technology maturity of components such as batteries and motors greatly influence the total cost of ownership and large regional differences in when such a transition may occur are expected. In addition to the total cost of ownership, important issues for a successful deployment are policies (e.g. restricting access to urban areas for noisy and polluting vehicles), information and communication solutions (e.g. adapted route planning), access to a cost effective charging infrastructure (and low-carbon electricity production) and new business models. These must all be developed in parallel to the vehicle and powertrain technology. The large number of different stakeholders involved in this transition is also a challenge in itself.

Three Dimensional Transient Explicit Finite Difference Heat Transfer Modeling of Billet Transport

In steel industries the billets are heated in reheat furnace. The billets coming out from reheat furnace are transported to the rolling mill. Prediction of billet temperature during transport is vital for several reasons, like energy optimization studies, process simulation, roll force calculation and quality of the final product. Inadequate temperature measuring instruments demands suitable model for billet temperature predictions. In the present work, conduction heat transfer within the billet is modeled using the explicit finite difference method. To solve three dimensional transient discretization equations, code has been developed and implemented in MATLAB ® . Validation of the proposed numerical model has been done using analytical solutions. The model predictions of billet temperature are shown to be in good concurrence with analytical results. The model is capable of predicting temperature distribution within the billet. The model is used to examine the effect of billet transport velocity on the temperature field of the billet. The objective of this work to apply simple simulation technique to high temperature industrial process for temperature field measurements. This type of simulation may be useful for temperature predictions, design and study of new or existing transport system for hot billet transport.

Users’ Evaluation of Rail Systems in Mass Events

Each year during the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, more than 2 million Muslim pilgrims from around the world travel to the Holy City of Mecca in Saudi Arabia for Hajj, an annual religious pilgrimage. A significant milestone in the effort to improve the existing transport system in the Holy City was the introduction of the Southern Masha'er Rail Line during the 2010 pilgrimage season. In the first year of operation, the line operated at only 30% of its full capacity before full implementation in the following year, when the line operated at full capacity of 72,000 passengers per hour. Results are presented of a users’ survey that aimed to assess the performance of the rail line from the perspective of its users. The analysis revealed that rail users faced longer access, waiting, and egress times compared with regular rail operations standards. However, survey results showed that the majority of pilgrims found these times to be tolerable. Moreover, the majority of users found the rail line and its stations to be of excellent quality and gave positive recommendations for using the rail line in the future. The analysis also produced some interesting observations that may be of relevance to rail operation in similar crowded events. Those observations are highlighted.

Mass transportation: a Portland area case study

Mass transportation has been growing over time, but it is not being utilised to its full potential. Using Portland as the case study we would try to develop a system that would help increase the ridership of the existing transport system. The main problem we are addressing is that the train or bus is not able to serve the passengers who live or work far away from the light rail stations. There could be many reasons why someone would not want to use public transportation, including rush at the peak hours, safety and other problems. So, in this paper we have developed a framework to design a system that relies on what the customer needs are, and applied Quality Function Deployment.

Modelling School Bus in Favor of Needy Student: The Conceptual Framework

Surabaya city is not yet have a school bus system. With a numerous needy student, the government is realized that free school bus can support the needy student in their transportation cost. The purpose of this research is make a model that can be used by the government to designs the most optimal route and optimal distribution of the free school bus. This paper is focusing on the conceptual framework of the processes in finding the optimal route and analyzing the chosen route. The optimal route is a route that covers the area with the most number of potential passengers, the needy student. The needy density layer is the primary data that will accompanied with street layer, school layer, and bus depot layer. Not just finding the route, the chosen route then used in an accessibility analyst in order to find its effect of the school bus in existing transportation system. The result of this research indicates that the model in this project can be used to find the best route and can support the government in making a decision in the limitation they have. Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, lies at the eastern part of the island of Java. The government of Surabaya has calculated the participation rate of each education level. The participation rate is a comparison between the numbers of students in a certain education level with all citizens at the respective age level. In early 2008, in Surabaya, the elementary school participation rate was 92.92%, the secondary school participation rate was 79.85%, and in the high school participation rate was 83.53%. There are more than 19,000 citizens of elementary school age, more than 23,000 of secondary school age, and more than 17,000 of high school age who are not participating in school. The primary reason these citizens are unschooled is that they cannot pay schooling costs because they live in needy families. With the number of elementary schools, about 5 times more than the secondary schools and 7 times more than the high schools, students must travel greater distances as they advance to higher levels of education. The city government becomes the committee for public

Sustainability Analysis of Innovative Transport System

Sustainability Analysis of Innovative Transport System The focus of the research is to develop a new approach to transport solution based on the use of a conveyortype system and to compare the environmental impact of the new system with the existing ones. The new transport system consists of a conveyor driven by an electric motor, with a wind power plant supplying electricity, hydrogen storage and a fuel cell for matching the wind power production with the motor load. The research tasks included the evaluation of the consumption of fossil fuels and the associated environmental impact of existing transport system and a comparison with energy consumption and associated environmental impact of the new system. The energy balance of the conveyor transport system was modelled on an hourly basis by using the EnergyPLAN computer program [1] which allows to analyze a combination of intermittent renewable energy technologies, storage and transport systems. The results show that the existing transport system has greater impact on the environment than the proposed one.

1105 交通ロボティクスにおける障害物回避制御に関する研究(OS3-1 自動操縦・障害物回避,OS3 交通・物流システムの制御,オーガナイズド・セッション(OS))

This paper proposes a mobility system for a robot. The purpose of this transport system are the followings. 1. realizing of an efficient and safe system under a situation where multiple robots move around ; 2. realizing of a safe and comfortable system for a driver and surrounding people ', 3. realizing of coexistence of autonomous robots and manipulative robots. And, in this system we are trying to exact a good feature of the existing transportation system and apply a good feature into this system. In this paper, we develop " Obstacle Avoidance Control module " to prevent a collision with objects. We propose an algorithm of an obstacle aboidance based on "a steering potential function".

Mobile anonymity of dynamic groups in vehicular networks

AbstractVehicular networks are an emerging network to improve safety, efficiency, and convenience of the existing transportation system. In order to preserve privacy in vehicular networks, it is desirable to keep users anonymous. In this paper, we argue that existing approaches, for example, ring singature and anonymous authentication, are susceptible to intersection attack in vehicular networks, resulting in reduced anonymity, even no anonymity. To quantify the achievable anonymity, we first define a graph‐based model called mobile anonymity for a general dynamic environment. We show that under this model, anonymity can be achieved on the system level as long as the constructed anonymity graph is strongly connected. We then extend this model into vehicular networks by applying it to ring signature and anonymous authentication in vehicular networks. We propose two strategies, the random (RND) strategy and the latest‐preferred (LPR) strategy, and evaluate them via simulation using the C3 simulator. The results show that it is promising to apply RND strategy in vehicular networks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PLANNING OF PUBLIC BUS SERVICES USING GIS IN RAJSHAHI CITY, BANGLADESH

Rajshahi, an expanding urban centre in Bangladesh, has no public bus services. The mass transportation system in the city is mainly based on rickshaws and bicycles (50% of total trips). This study reports existing transport system of the city and identifies possible public bus routes and stops using GIS through field survey. The trip generation and distribution behaviour and modal choice behavior of the city dwellers are also analyzed. A total of 35 bus stops were proposed for developing bus service in the city. Three routes have been proposed through analysis of alternatives considering mainly traffic flow characteristics. The service area of each bus stop was identified by generating buffers in a GIS. Then the possible number of trips from each stop to all other stops was estimated. This study reveals that public bus service is feasible for the city from technical, financial and socio-economic perspectives. This study recommends the construction of passenger sheds, terminal facilities and other facilities for the proposed bus services.

The political economy of railway construction in Nigeria: the Bornu railway extension

In the late 1950s, it seemed clear that Britain would soon grant Nigeria her independence. However, to guarantee her economic and strategic interests in independent Nigeria, it sought to manipulate the decolonisation process. One key strategy employed was to side with the faction of the Nigerian petty bourgeoisie whose political, economic and class interests were in agreement with that of Britain, and this was the Northern Nigeria political elite. Unfortunately, the faction's economic base was weak. Although it was the largest and supposedly the most populated region, the North was also the poorest. Thus, the faction could not develop its region much less guarantee British interests—unless its economic base was further developed. One key sector of the economy that could be used for the purpose was agriculture. However, the greatest obstacle to further agricultural production was the inefficiency of the existing transport system, particularly the railway. From early 1950s, the Northern establishment began to pressurise the central colonial government into constructing a railway extension into the potentially agriculturally rich Bornu province. The pressure worked, and the Bornu Extension was adopted despite concern for its viability, and lack of finance for it. The 400-mile extension was eventually constructed and opened in 1964. Lagos Historical Review Vol. 6, 2006: 148-170

THE INFLUENCE OF TERRITORY PLANNING AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON STRATEGIC DECISIONS IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT

The main factors of space planning and social development which play an important role in making strategic decisions in passenger transportation have been analysed. A number of strategic aims based on major principles of territory transport planning have been formulated. The investigation made has shown that the operation of public transport is not closely connected with the main carcass of urban territories. This decreases the efficiency of public transport, making it less popular and competitive compared to automobiles. The creation of the strategy of public transport development for the period of its integration into the EU system requires the use of methods taking into account territory planning and social and economic development of the country. The integration of new territories into the existing transportation system, optimization of routes and the increase of transport service quality are aimed to provide higher living standards and better social and economic conditions for the inhabitants. The appropriate tactical decisions in planning the development of modern passenger transport may be made only if the harmonized and well‐grounded strategic aims are defined.

The influence of territory planning and social development on strategic decisions in passenger transport development

Abstract The main factors of space planning and social development which play an important role in making strategic decisions in passenger transportation have been analysed. A number of strategic aims based on major principles of territory transport planning have been formulated. The investigation made has shown that the operation of public transport is not closely connected with the main carcass of urban territories. This decreases the efficiency of public transport, making it less popular and competitive compared to automobiles. The creation of the strategy of public transport development for the period of its integration into the EU system requires the use of methods taking into account territory planning and social and economic development of the country. The integration of new territories into the existing transportation system, optimization of routes and the increase of transport service quality are aimed to provide higher living standards and better social and economic conditions for the inhabitant...

Survivable load sharing protocols: a simulation study

The development of robust, survivable wireless access networks requires that the performance of network architectures and protocols be studied under normal as well as faulty conditions where consideration is given to faults occurring within the network as well as within the physical environment. User location, mobility, and usage patterns and the quality of the received radio signal are impacted by terrain, man-made structures, population distribution, and the existing transportation system. The work presented herein has two thrusts. One, we propose the use of overlapping coverage areas and dynamic load balancing as a means to increase network survivability by providing mobiles with multiple access points to the fixed infrastructure. Two, we describe our simulation approach to survivability analysis which combines empirical spatial information, network models, and fault models for more realistic analysis of real service areas. We use our simulation approach to compare the survivability of our load balancing protocols to a reference scheme within two diverse geographic regions. We view survivability as a cost-performance tradeoff using handover activity as a cost metric and blocking probabilities as performance metrics. Our results illustrate this tradeoff for the protocols studied and demonstrate the extent to which the physical environment and faults therein affect the conclusions that are drawn.

Traffic Characteristics in the Arab Gulf Region: Case Study in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

The municipality of Abu Dhabi is in the process of updating its long-range master transportation plan. The initial step in this process was to collect substantial data on existing transportation system characteristics. The extensive data-collection program made possible a comprehensive analysis of traffic characteristics for the first time in more than 20 years. Traffic characteristics in Abu Dhabi have changed significantly during this time. Recent changes in government working hours have caused a dramatic shift in peaking patterns. Some characteristics, such as the availability and performance of taxis, are unique. Other characteristics, such as general peak period factors, are typical of most Arab Gulf cities. Presented is an analysis of existing traffic characteristics in Abu Dhabi. Peaking patterns, vehicle classifications, vehicle occupancies, and other characteristics are analyzed and described. The characteristics that are unique to Abu Dhabi are identified. Characteristics transferable to other Gulf Cooperation Council countries are highlighted and discussed.

Analysis of the Resident Component in PennPlan’s Public Involvement Survey: Survey Overview and Item Nonresponse Selectivity Issues

As part of the public involvement initiative undertaken for Pennsylvania’s new long-range transportation plan (PennPlan), an attitudinal survey was administered to a sample of residents in the state. A few survey issues and an in-depth analysis of the survey questions are summarized. Information is provided on ( a) the purpose of the survey, its components, and underlying themes; ( b) the administration of the survey, its advantages and disadvantages, and possible solutions to improve the survey administration process; and ( c) an in-depth analysis of the grades and importance ratings assigned to various aspects of the existing transportation system. The last issue receives particular emphasis. To compensate for the large number of nonresponses and the systematic response for the grades and importance ratings, the analysis was done in two steps. The first step uses sample selectivity to determine if systematic patterns existed between the residents who did and the residents who did not assign grades and importance ratings to certain aspects of the existing transportation system as functions of personal and residence characteristics. The results of this step were then used to “adjust” the coefficients in an ordered probit regression model that explains resident grades and importance ratings for the valid responses. By doing this, the models can account for the systematic nonresponse and yield models of responses on the basis of which unbiased inferences can be made.

Measuring Aggregate Productivity Benefits from Intelligent Transportation System Applications: The California Experience

A stated purpose of intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications has been to increase the productivity of the existing transportation system. Such productivity increases, should they occur, would be an important input into any benefit-cost analysis for the evaluation of ITS applications. The impact of different ITS applications on highway productivity in California is investigated. Using time series data for California counties, two forms of analysis are undertaken. The first examines ITS applications using a production function model, and the second uses total factor productivity (TFP) techniques to find the regional aggregate benefit of ITS strategies. The results of these two analyses are particularly interesting, in part because ITS impacts have not been evaluated in this way before. The production function model indicates that there is a slight advantage to the economy in a particular region due to ITS services. Findings also indicate that this advantage is a result of aggregate growth and not merely redistributive effects. The TFP analysis indicates that ITS applications contribute to regional economies and county product as well, though these results are only significant at the 10 percent level. Whereas the findings indicate an apparent need to include economic benefits in any study of ITS projects, further study in this area is needed to draw more concrete conclusions. In particular, the notion of synergies between multiple projects of the same type or different types is one of the next steps to be taken.

Transportation and logistics in a joint systems context: a conceptual model and case study of fuel supply to an airport

Over a period of thirty years transportation science has moved its focus from traffic to transport and then on to mobility. Similarly logistics has changed its focus from the single shipment to material flows and finally to complete supply chains. An approach is presented which joins the four concepts of land use, accessibility, transport and traffic into a single systems model, which should be equally applicable to passengers and freight and serve as a tool of improving the understanding among individuals dealing with transportation and logistics problems, respectively. The model is applied to a case involving transportation of jet kerosene from the West and East coast of Sweden to the Stockholm Arlanda international airport. The existing transportation system is heavily criticised, since it involves frequent lorry trips through central Stockholm and the use of an oil harbour that has no permanent concession. As an alternative a railway based solution is discussed. Calculations show that even without consideration of external costs, this would offer lower transport costs.

California HSR Corridor Evaluation and Environmental Constraints Analysis

California is studying the feasibility of a statewide, high-speed rail (HSR) transportation system as a link between major cities in the northern and southern portions of the state. This system will complement the state’s existing transportation system and serve as an alternative to air and auto travel. in this paper, the writers provide a condensed description of the findings and conclusions drawn from the 1996 \ICalifornia “High Speed Rail Corridor Evaluation & Environmental Constraints Analysis,”\N which they prepared for California’s Intercity High Speed Rail Commission to document and analyze the potential statewide HSR corridors.

Bicycle Transportation in Shanghai: Status and Prospects

Shanghai is China's largest city and has a dense concentration of population served by limited transportation infrastructure. Traditionally, bicycles and public transportation have been the dominant modes used by residents, but recent social and economic changes have resulted in a dramatic growth in motor vehicle use and overall traffic volumes. The use of bicycles as a mode of transportation in China and in Shanghai will continue for a long time to come. However, the role of bicycles within Shanghai is changing and will continue to evolve in the future as efforts to enhance basic transportation infrastructure are undertaken and economic and social conditions improve. The complexity of transportation patterns generated by high population densities, coupled with a shortage in basic infrastructure for an urban region of its nature, size, and importance, has created increasingly serious conflicts between motorized and nonmotorized vehicles throughout central Shanghai. These conflicts decrease overall safety and the functional capability of the existing transportation system to meet rapidly increasing travel demands in the municipality. Major improvements are being implemented that will upgrade Shanghai's urban transportation system significantly. They will, however, require a substantial commitment of time and financial resources to complete. In the interim, a comprehensive traffic management effort will be followed that recognizes the importance of bicycles and supports their continued use within the municipality in an appropriate balance with public transportation and other modes consistent with actual conditions and changing demands.