Existing Transportation System Research Articles

Passenger Demand And Patterns Of Tourists’ Mobility In The Aegean Archipelago With Combined Use Of Big Datasets From Mobile Phones And Statistical Data From Ports And Airports

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze in detail the existing transport system for passenger flows in the Aegean archipelagos and explore the possibility of combining the use of statistical data from ports and airports, advanced transport network simulation tools and ‘big data’ from mobile phone devices in the study area. The system itself is considered to be very complex consisting of many private seaborne and airborne operators that service the passenger demand of a strongly peaking holiday period in the islands of the Aegean Sea.

Factors influencing the choice of shared bicycles and shared electric bikes in Beijing

China leads the world in both public bikeshare and private electric bike (e-bike) growth. Current trajectories indicate the viability of deploying large-scale shared e-bike (e-bikeshare) systems in China. We employ a stated preference survey and multinomial logit to model the factors influencing the choice to switch from an existing transportation mode to bikeshare or e-bikeshare in Beijing. Demand is influenced by distinct sets of factors: the bikeshare choice is most sensitive to measures of effort and comfort while the e-bikeshare choice is more sensitive to user heterogeneities. Bikeshare demand is strongly negatively impacted by trip distance, temperature, precipitation, and poor air quality. User demographics however do not factor strongly on the bikeshare choice, indicating the mode will draw users from across the social spectrum. The e-bikeshare choice is much more tolerant of trip distance, high temperatures and poor air quality, though precipitation is also a highly negative factor. User demographics do play a significant role in e-bikeshare demand. Analysis of impact to the existing transportation system finds that both bikeshare and e-bikeshare will tend to draw users away from the “unsheltered modes”, walk, bike, and e-bike. Although it is unclear if shared bikes are an attractive “first-and-last-mile solution”, it is clear that e-bikeshare is attractive as a bus replacement.

Application of Vague Analytical Hierarchy Process to Prioritize the Challenges Facing Public Transportation in Dar Es Salaam City-Tanzania

Transportation is a key to the economy and social welfare; it makes mobility more accessible and enhances the social and economic interactions. On the other hand, the increase of urban population, pollution and other negative impacts has directly affected the existing transportation system in Dar es Salaam City - Tanzania. As the transportation challenges cannot be overcome simultaneously due to the scarcity of financial resources, a decision support tool is needed to prioritize these challenges. In this study, a composite model of Vague Set Theory (VST) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to appraise the challenges. The Vague Analytical Hierarchy Process (VAHP) uses opinions of experts collected from a survey questionnaire. The computational results reveal the ranking in descending order of the urban transportation challenges as poor traffic management, inadequacy of proper public transit service and inadequacy of road transport infrastructure. The results also depict that the VAHP model is a useful decision support tool for transport planners, transport policy makers and other industry stakeholders.

Network-level optimization method for road network maintenance programming based on network efficiency

To maintain their capacity, transportation infrastructures are in need of regular maintenance and rehabilitation. The major challenge facing transportation engineers is the network-level policies to maintain the deteriorating roads at an acceptable level of serviceability. In this work, a quantitative transportation network efficiency measure is presented and then how to determine optimally network-level road maintenance policy depending on the road importance to the network performance has been demonstrated. The examples show that the different roads should be set different maintenance time points in terms of the retention capacities of the roads, because the different roads play different roles in network and have different important degrees to the network performance. This network-level road maintenance optimization method could not only save lots of infrastructure investments, but also ensure the service level of the existing transportation system.

Transportation and tourism sustainability in major Jordanian tourism cities

ABSTRACTTourism in Jordan is a major industry that contributes significantly to the national income both from local and international tourism. Transportation is a key element in developing the economy of any country in the world. Transportation advancement plays a crucial role in tourism development and sustainability worldwide and in Jordan. This paper focuses, using Ajloun city (a major tourism area in northern Jordan) as a case study, on analyzing and assessing the existing transportation system conditions and their contribution to a sustainable tourism industry in Jordan. Spatial analysis is utilized to elaborate more about other related parameters such as topography, land use, road condition, and climate and their relation to tourism development in the study area. Results indicated that major modifications to the existing transportation system are needed to achieve a sustainable tourism industry in Jordan. Tourism planning in Jordan should take into consideration the physical system of transport as a major component of the tourism development master plan.

The Power of Sponges

Background. Innovation in transport systems has a need for simulated environments to experiment with new configurations, ideas, and solutions. Gaming is one such environment. This article applies the approach to the context of capacity allocation and traffic control innovation in the Dutch railway system. Both high-tech and low-tech games are built and applied. Aim and method. By comparing cases using low-tech and high-tech games for innovation in a related bundle of projects in the railway sector, this article aims to identify different patterns emerging from a retrospective cross case comparison. The cases aimed at testing and assessing various ideas about the innovation process through high- and low-tech gaming. Results. The high-tech cases were used to generate more quantitative data, for purposes where a concept had to be tested that has been formulated at a higher level of detail. It shows that, despite the higher precision, fidelity of high-tech simulators was not necessarily better than that of low-tech cases. None of the cases were set up to formally accept or reject hypotheses, but followed the typical innovation logic of testing and assessing ideas early in the process. Conclusions. The numerous qualitative data, gathered during the gaming sessions, illustrated the benefits and drawbacks of high- and low-tech gaming. The real world decisions made by the client, based on the gaming sessions, show that the scope of the project was broader than merely an intervention in an existing transport system. Low-tech games showed to be useful for dealing with rapid systems development (prototyping). They allow flexible role settings, varying rules, and resources. High-tech games did not provide obvious fidelity advantages, but yielded more quantitative data suitable for analysis. Recommendations. The article identifies the need for a new methodological approach: gaming supporting system/organization design.

Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of Traffic Signal System

With the economic development and urbanization, the number of motor vehicles increased rapidly, because the contradictions between urban traffic supply and demand imbalances are becoming increasingly acute. We used the cell transmission model (CTM) to optimize on the basis of a single intersection by observing the delay time and the traffic capacity, research into the intelligent urban traffic signal control system, improve the operating efficiency of the existing transportation system. To a certain extent, it addresses the issue of urban traffic congestion.

Signal control optimization for automated vehicles at isolated signalized intersections

Traffic signals at intersections are an integral component of the existing transportation system and can significantly contribute to vehicular delay along urban streets. The current emphasis on the development of automated (i.e., driverless and with the ability to communicate with the infrastructure) vehicles brings at the forefront several questions related to the functionality and optimization of signal control in order to take advantage of automated vehicle capabilities. The objective of this research is to develop a signal control algorithm that allows for vehicle paths and signal control to be jointly optimized based on advanced communication technology between approaching vehicles and signal controller. The algorithm assumes that vehicle trajectories can be fully optimized, i.e., vehicles will follow the optimized paths specified by the signal controller. An optimization algorithm was developed assuming a simple intersection with two single-lane through approaches. A rolling horizon scheme was developed to implement the algorithm and to continually process newly arriving vehicles. The algorithm was coded in MATLAB and results were compared against traditional actuated signal control for a variety of demand scenarios. It was concluded that the proposed signal control optimization algorithm could reduce the ATTD by 16.2–36.9% and increase throughput by 2.7–20.2%, depending on the demand scenario.

Inserting bus rapid transit into an existing transportation system: the Mexico City experience

In 2005, Mexico City introduced MetroBus, a single BRT line along Avienda de Insurgentes, the main north-south artery through the capital. The line has been well received, attracting more than a quarter million riders every weekday. This single line has connections to suburban trains, the metro system and both the public and private bus systems. This paper reports on a survey of BRT passengers that focused on how MetroBus trips have been integrated with other transportation modes, how the cost of MetroBus compared with total trip costs, general service quality, and desired new routes. It also highlights how BRT can be used in conjunction with other mass transit options to facilitate travel in even the most congested cities, contributing to a more sustainable urban environment.

Rapid Transit Service In The Unique Context OfHoly Makkah: Assessing The First Year OfOperation During The 2010 Pilgrimage Season

Each year, more than 2 million Muslims from around the world gather in the City of Makkah in Saudi Arabia to perform the annual pilgrimage. A significant milestone in the effort to improve the existing transport system in the Holy City has been the introduction of the Southern Masha’er Rail Line (SMR) during the 2010 pilgrimage season. The line was designed to accommodate the unusual demand and specific movement patterns during the pilgrimage season. In its first year of operation, the line was supposed to operate at only 35% of its full capacity, before full implementation in the following year when the line was expected to transport 72,000 passengers per hour. This paper presents the results of a study to assess the performance of the rail line in its first year of operation. The analysis revealed that the majority of pilgrims found the rail line and its stations to be of excellent quality and exceeded their expectations. However, the analysis also revealed that the rail system suffered from operational and scheduling adherence problems that resulted in fluctuations in service frequency, capacity utilization rates, and cases of long waiting times. This paper concludes with recommendations for future improvements to the rail system based on the results of this evaluation study.

The Management and Adequacy of Road Infrastructure Expenditure for Economic Growth in Nigeria

Transportation is a critical factor in the economic growth and development of any nation. Inadequate transportation limits a nation's ability to utilize its natural resources, distribute foods and other finished goods, integrate the manufacturing and agriculture sectors and supply education, medical, and other infrastructural facilities. There is a need, therefore, to manage, maintain, and improve the existing transportation system and build new infrastructures for national wealth. It is on this bedrock that the present study assessed the management and adequacy of road infrastructure expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria considering the time period from 1980 to 2009. Descriptive analysis was used such as index growth rate based on simple averages on percentage growth on nominal and real values by deflating the nominal value to investigate the secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria. Findings revealed that expenditure on road construction and maintenance in Nigeria was not adequate when compared with other countries like USA, UK, France, Demark, Germany, India, etc. Nigeria's government should, as a matter of prime importance, increase expenditure on road infrastructure and ensure that such expenditure is properly managed and supervised, and to generate additional revenue, the Government should encourage private initiatives in road funding.

The Management and Adequacy of Road Infrastructure Expenditure for Economic Growth in Nigeria

Transportation is a critical factor in the economic growth and development of any nation. Inadequate transportation limits a nation's ability to utilize its natural resources, distribute foods and other finished goods, integrate the manufacturing and agriculture sectors and supply education, medical, and other infrastructural facilities. There is a need, therefore, to manage, maintain, and improve the existing transportation system and build new infrastructures for national wealth. It is on this bedrock that the present study assessed the management and adequacy of road infrastructure expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria considering the time period from 1980 to 2009. Descriptive analysis was used such as index growth rate based on simple averages on percentage growth on nominal and real values by deflating the nominal value to investigate the secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria. Findings revealed that expenditure on road construction and maintenance in Nigeria was not adequate when compared with other countries like USA, UK, France, Demark, Germany, India, etc. Nigeria's government should, as a matter of prime importance, increase expenditure on road infrastructure and ensure that such expenditure is properly managed and supervised, and to generate additional revenue, the Government should encourage private initiatives in road funding.

The Development of Integrated Public Passenger Transport in Slovenia with Special Emphasis on Pricing

Within the EU, there exist deliberate attempts at the introduction of passenger-friendly integrated public passenger transport (PPT), which should solve many inconveniences that now hamper passengers in using the existing transportation system and should increase the PPT demand. The centerpiece of the integrated PPT system is the integrated ticket, which ideally also implies the integrated pricing (tariff) system. Due to the decline in PPT services in Slovenia the responsible Ministry launched a project aimed at the development of integrated PPT. A study was conducted as part of the project, focusing on the ticket pricing (tariff) model in relation to the existing customer structure. The model is largely based on the transport policy principle, rather than the cost principle, with the Austrian state of Styria as the selected comparable region. The paper also presents the introduction of very reasonably priced integrated monthly student ticket in Slovenia, which demonstrated the importance of substantial government subsidies leading to an increase in student ridership.

Feasibility of Electrifying Urban Goods Distribution Trucks

This paper discusses the feasibility of electrifying medium to heavy urban goods distribution trucks. As a case study, an existing transport system in the Swedish city of Gothenburg is used. The project is a joint research effort between a vehicle OEM, an electric utility, a fleet operator, the Swedish Transport Administration and two research organizations. One main objective is to determine if and when different electrified powertrains are cost efficient to the end user. The results indicate that by 2015 conventional powertrains are still probably the most cost effective alternative in all applications studied. But in 2025, electrified powertrains are most cost efficient for most transport scenarios. These results indicate a transition in preferred powertrain technology for urban trucks within the coming ten years. It is important to point out that this result may not be general. Driving patterns, energy price developments and technology maturity of components such as batteries and motors greatly influence the total cost of ownership and large regional differences in when such a transition may occur are expected. In addition to the total cost of ownership, important issues for a successful deployment are policies (e.g. restricting access to urban areas for noisy and polluting vehicles), information and communication solutions (e.g. adapted route planning), access to a cost effective charging infrastructure (and low-carbon electricity production) and new business models. These must all be developed in parallel to the vehicle and powertrain technology. The large number of different stakeholders involved in this transition is also a challenge in itself.

Three Dimensional Transient Explicit Finite Difference Heat Transfer Modeling of Billet Transport

In steel industries the billets are heated in reheat furnace. The billets coming out from reheat furnace are transported to the rolling mill. Prediction of billet temperature during transport is vital for several reasons, like energy optimization studies, process simulation, roll force calculation and quality of the final product. Inadequate temperature measuring instruments demands suitable model for billet temperature predictions. In the present work, conduction heat transfer within the billet is modeled using the explicit finite difference method. To solve three dimensional transient discretization equations, code has been developed and implemented in MATLAB ® . Validation of the proposed numerical model has been done using analytical solutions. The model predictions of billet temperature are shown to be in good concurrence with analytical results. The model is capable of predicting temperature distribution within the billet. The model is used to examine the effect of billet transport velocity on the temperature field of the billet. The objective of this work to apply simple simulation technique to high temperature industrial process for temperature field measurements. This type of simulation may be useful for temperature predictions, design and study of new or existing transport system for hot billet transport.

Users’ Evaluation of Rail Systems in Mass Events

Each year during the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, more than 2 million Muslim pilgrims from around the world travel to the Holy City of Mecca in Saudi Arabia for Hajj, an annual religious pilgrimage. A significant milestone in the effort to improve the existing transport system in the Holy City was the introduction of the Southern Masha'er Rail Line during the 2010 pilgrimage season. In the first year of operation, the line operated at only 30% of its full capacity before full implementation in the following year, when the line operated at full capacity of 72,000 passengers per hour. Results are presented of a users’ survey that aimed to assess the performance of the rail line from the perspective of its users. The analysis revealed that rail users faced longer access, waiting, and egress times compared with regular rail operations standards. However, survey results showed that the majority of pilgrims found these times to be tolerable. Moreover, the majority of users found the rail line and its stations to be of excellent quality and gave positive recommendations for using the rail line in the future. The analysis also produced some interesting observations that may be of relevance to rail operation in similar crowded events. Those observations are highlighted.

Mass transportation: a Portland area case study

Mass transportation has been growing over time, but it is not being utilised to its full potential. Using Portland as the case study we would try to develop a system that would help increase the ridership of the existing transport system. The main problem we are addressing is that the train or bus is not able to serve the passengers who live or work far away from the light rail stations. There could be many reasons why someone would not want to use public transportation, including rush at the peak hours, safety and other problems. So, in this paper we have developed a framework to design a system that relies on what the customer needs are, and applied Quality Function Deployment.

Modelling School Bus in Favor of Needy Student: The Conceptual Framework

Surabaya city is not yet have a school bus system. With a numerous needy student, the government is realized that free school bus can support the needy student in their transportation cost. The purpose of this research is make a model that can be used by the government to designs the most optimal route and optimal distribution of the free school bus. This paper is focusing on the conceptual framework of the processes in finding the optimal route and analyzing the chosen route. The optimal route is a route that covers the area with the most number of potential passengers, the needy student. The needy density layer is the primary data that will accompanied with street layer, school layer, and bus depot layer. Not just finding the route, the chosen route then used in an accessibility analyst in order to find its effect of the school bus in existing transportation system. The result of this research indicates that the model in this project can be used to find the best route and can support the government in making a decision in the limitation they have. Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, lies at the eastern part of the island of Java. The government of Surabaya has calculated the participation rate of each education level. The participation rate is a comparison between the numbers of students in a certain education level with all citizens at the respective age level. In early 2008, in Surabaya, the elementary school participation rate was 92.92%, the secondary school participation rate was 79.85%, and in the high school participation rate was 83.53%. There are more than 19,000 citizens of elementary school age, more than 23,000 of secondary school age, and more than 17,000 of high school age who are not participating in school. The primary reason these citizens are unschooled is that they cannot pay schooling costs because they live in needy families. With the number of elementary schools, about 5 times more than the secondary schools and 7 times more than the high schools, students must travel greater distances as they advance to higher levels of education. The city government becomes the committee for public

Sustainability Analysis of Innovative Transport System

Sustainability Analysis of Innovative Transport System The focus of the research is to develop a new approach to transport solution based on the use of a conveyortype system and to compare the environmental impact of the new system with the existing ones. The new transport system consists of a conveyor driven by an electric motor, with a wind power plant supplying electricity, hydrogen storage and a fuel cell for matching the wind power production with the motor load. The research tasks included the evaluation of the consumption of fossil fuels and the associated environmental impact of existing transport system and a comparison with energy consumption and associated environmental impact of the new system. The energy balance of the conveyor transport system was modelled on an hourly basis by using the EnergyPLAN computer program [1] which allows to analyze a combination of intermittent renewable energy technologies, storage and transport systems. The results show that the existing transport system has greater impact on the environment than the proposed one.

1105 交通ロボティクスにおける障害物回避制御に関する研究(OS3-1 自動操縦・障害物回避,OS3 交通・物流システムの制御,オーガナイズド・セッション(OS))

This paper proposes a mobility system for a robot. The purpose of this transport system are the followings. 1. realizing of an efficient and safe system under a situation where multiple robots move around ; 2. realizing of a safe and comfortable system for a driver and surrounding people ', 3. realizing of coexistence of autonomous robots and manipulative robots. And, in this system we are trying to exact a good feature of the existing transportation system and apply a good feature into this system. In this paper, we develop " Obstacle Avoidance Control module " to prevent a collision with objects. We propose an algorithm of an obstacle aboidance based on "a steering potential function".