Existing Performance Measures Research Articles

Designing supply chain performance system: a strategic study on Indian manufacturing sector

PurposeA well-designed supply chain performance measurement system, should account for not only the capabilities and performance attributes of the focal firm but also its supply chain partners. The purpose of this paper is to help design a system that strikes a balance between the strategic objectives of the focal firm and its supply partners vis-à-vis the requirements of supply chain performance (cost, quality, speed and customer taste).Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework on the strategic supply chain performance measurement system is developed based on existing literature and subsequently tested using a survey on 136 successful manufacturing organizations in India. The organizations were clustered into three strategy types and compared using analysis of variance on ranks to look for differences in preference for performance parameters.FindingsThe study examined the five dimensions of the supply chain practices, namely, strategic supply/distribution network, customer relationship, internal operations, information sharing and social and environmental responsiveness. The empirical results demonstrate the inclusion of business strategy orientation in designing today’s supply chain and hence its performance measurement system. Not supported hypotheses were addressed in the light of contextual factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is confined to finding preferences of non-financial aspects of supply chain performance and tier-1 suppliers. The research helps better design and benchmark supply chain performance metrics, based on the strategic choice of the firm.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the shortcomings in the existing performance measurement and gaps in the existing literature in the supply chain context. Further, it gives a holistic view of strategic supply chain performance measurement design.

Design and implementation for performance measurement system in the power plant operation and maintenance company

The purpose of this paper is to re-design and implementation performance measurement system using Balanced Scorecards (BSc) in power plant operations and maintenances companies. Three main lack of existing performance measurement system that are reasoning to conduct the re-design performance measurement system in case study such as lack in strategy map, weights on perspectives, strategy objectives, and Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s), and some KPI’s do not represent relevant performance and are not measurable in quantitative data. Determining 16 strategy objectives and 43 KPI’s based on strategy company and weights and target each KPI’s was been conducted. Based measurement using scoring system were calculated and analyzed. The poor performance (red color) was analyzed to be improvement in next year. The recommendations given are increasing human resources competencies and capabilities as electricity regulation and electricity market requirement, as well as enhance information technology system to support data base that aim completion of work more effectively.

An Uncertainty-Aware Performance Measure for Multi-Object Tracking

Evaluating the performance of multi-object tracking (MOT) methods is not straightforward, and existing performance measures fail to consider all the available uncertainty information in the MOT context. This can lead practitioners to select models which produce uncertainty estimates of lower quality, negatively impacting any downstream systems that rely on them. Additionally, most MOT performance measures have hyperparameters, which makes comparisons of different trackers less straightforward. We propose the use of the negative log-likelihood (NLL) of the multi-object posterior given the set of ground-truth objects as a performance measure. This measure takes into account all available uncertainty information in a sound mathematical manner without hyperparameters. We provide efficient algorithms for approximating the computation of the NLL for several common MOT algorithms, show that in some cases it decomposes and approximates the widely-used GOSPA metric, and provide several illustrative examples highlighting the advantages of the NLL in comparison to other MOT performance measures.

2020 ACC/AHA Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With Heart Failure

2020 ACC/AHA Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With Heart Failure

Sustainable reverse logistics scorecards for the performance measurement of informal e-waste businesses

Many countries depend on businesses in reverse chains to tackle the environmental pollution caused by the tremendous amount of e-waste. Furthermore, due to the domination of informal businesses in many developing countries, environmental rules are not considered during operation, and these violations tend to affect public health adversely. The government in these developing countries finds it difficult to manage and utilize e-waste due to insufficient resources properly. The existing performance measures are only appropriate for implementation in developed countries with the inability to assess informal e-waste businesses in developing countries. Therefore, to address this gap, this research proposes sustainable reverse logistics scorecards (SRLS) to identify informal e-waste businesses' performance. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with eleven experts, questionnaire survey with one hundred eighty-six informal e-waste businesses in Indonesia using the snowball sampling method and by measurement identification using the statistical descriptive analysis such as mean, geometric mean, mode, and sign-test median including experts' confirmation. The results showed that there are twenty-two parameters from six perspectives namely financial, stakeholders' value, internal business processes, innovation and growth, environment, and social. These parameters can be used as a performance measurement following government regulation and adjusting the motivation, strategy, capability, and activities of informal e-waste businesses. They are also useful for practical assessment and decision purposes, such as process safety and economic impact evaluation of businesses with the ability to create job opportunities, satisfy employees, and provide persuasive incentives. The balance between environment, welfare, and e-waste management is realized through SRLS. We suggested that other researchers use these parameters to assess the performance of informal e-waste throughout Indonesia and the government considered these parameters to assess them before deciding to collaborate for handling e-waste problems.

Manufacturing enterprise performance using Network DEA: A profitability and marketability framework

Despite providing a holistic view of a company's progress, existing performance measurement system (PMS) models report performance separately for every single measure and leaves the overall performance of the corporate untouched. The concept of vertical and horizontal alignment has been described theoretically in PMS literature. However, the existing PMSs do not provide a mechanism for how to link each organisational level in a PMS. This study aims to promote the use of network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) for measuring manufacturing enterprises' performance. NDEA can deliver a single composite index, derived from multidimensional measures, which can represent the overall manufacturing performance. An alignment concept as a prerequisite of an integrated PMS is explained using the NDEA technical properties. The proposed NDEA-based PMS is tested in a pharmaceutical company to illustrate how it works in evaluating profitability and marketability. We modify an existing profitability and marketability framework into a three-stage model: production acquisition, profit earning, and marketability, to capture the complexity in manufacturing operations. The proposed NDEA-based PMS is useful for conducting a performance review to seek the sources of inefficiency and determine improvement target.

The Multiphase Queuing System of the Rijeka Airport

The paper gives an overview of the real system as a multiphase single server queuing problem, which is a rare case in papers dealing with the application of the queueing theory. The methodological and scientific contribution of this paper is primarily in setting up the model of the real problem applying the multiphase queueing theory. The research of service system at Rijeka Airport may allow the airport to be more competitive by increasing service quality. The existing performance measures have been evaluated in order to improve Rijeka Airport queueing system, as a record number of passengers is to be expected in the next few years. Performance indicators have pointed out how the system handles congestion. The research is also focused on defining potential bottlenecks and comparing the results with IATA guidelines in terms of maximum waiting times.

Performance measurement of public hospitals through the integration of SWOT and balanced scorecard

Performance measurement is an essential factor for an organization to control the implementation of the strategy. The existing performance measurement system only evaluates financial performance. This study aims to propose the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and measuring hospital performance with SWOT and BSC integration. Stages of research are determining internal and external factors with SWOT analysis, formulating alternative strategies, translating strategies into BSC perspective on strategic maps, determining performance indicators (KPI), KPI validation with AHP to obtain indicator weights for each view, and measuring hospital performance. Based on the results of the study, performance indicators (KPI) for hospitals based on the Balanced Scorecard perspective are six financial perspective indicators, two customer perspective indicators, four internal process perspective indicators, and five growth and learning perspective indicators. The internal process perspective is 90.43%, which means that the performance of the hospital is very healthy with the AA category, and learning 68.89% means that the performance of the hospital is very healthy with category A.

An integrated AHP-based scheme for performance measurement in humanitarian supply chains

PurposeIn recent years, several performance indicators have been proposed in humanitarian supply chains (HSCs). Selecting the most relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) is challenging for some humanitarian organizations (HOs) because it involves a considerable amount of complexity and information overload which could lead to judgment biases in the decision-making process. Existing performance measurement studies lack critical analysis for prioritization of performance indicators. Since the process of KPIs selection and categorization is a complex, domain based and subjective process, a systematic guideline is needed. To address this gap, the purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated performance measurement scheme that can consolidate KPIs into an overall performance score based on the weighting of the performance indicators in HSCs.Design/methodology/approachData collection was based on questionnaire surveys and direct interviews with practitioners from international HOs.FindingsThis paper proposes an integrated scheme based on balanced scorecard and analytic hierarchy process for performance evaluation of HOs.Research limitations/implicationsThe respondents were limited to the humanitarian logistics experts from Malaysian-based international HOs.Practical implicationsThe scheme enables the benchmarking of HOs’ performance that could be useful for decision makers in HSCs.Originality/valueThis paper provides the ranking and prioritization of KPIs in HSCs. The approach presented in this paper enables an effective and integrated performance measurement in HSCs.

Using the mixed methods research to model the hotel performance measurement in Egypt: An example from a hotel chain

The aim of this research is to propose a process dynamic model for measuring and benchmarking performance in hotel food and beverage operations. This model involves three sequential stages; first, identifying the existing performance measures used in hotels; followed by, calculating performance using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and LINGO application; third, benchmarking the performance index. The research design involves a case study methodology with the choice of mixed methods. It uses 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews, group discussions, archival analysis, and direct observations. A panel data from 2007 until 2016 was obtained from the hotel cases to get performance calculations and benchmarks. The qualitative analysis of interviews identified different subjective performance measuring techniques such as forced choice, job rating checklists, BARS, 360-Degree and output index. However, the balanced scorecard method was not used at all. The quantitative analysis of DEA rankings confirmed examples in which hotel outcome in relatively high performance and in which year. The model developed in this qualitative case study could be used to compare different hotels in relation to their performance index and could offer some decisions for improvement to the hotel management. The research findings have implications in theory and practice, which will have profound value to the investigated hotel managers and the Egyptian hotel sector. The main contribution of this paper is its suggested dynamic model which will use for measuring and benchmarking performance in hotels based in Egypt.

Measuring agri-food supply chain performance and risk through a new analytical framework: a case study of New Zealand dairy

Many researchers and practitioners have long recognized the significance of measuring performance. Although general guidelines for measuring business performance are widely available, no appropriate measurement frameworks have been developed for measuring agri-food supply chain performance. Particularly, food quality and risk-related indicators have not been well integrated into existing performance measurement systems. Our research, therefore, addresses this knowledge gap by first providing an in-depth review of extant performance measurement systems and frameworks. It then develops an analytical framework by extending the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model which has been extensively implemented across non-food industries. The analytical framework is further validated by utilizing a case study of 50 farmers and 10 dairy companies, operating in the New Zealand dairy industry.Our pilot testing and subsequent findings show that the individual metrics interlocked with the analytical framework are in-line with the key industrial practices adapted by the New Zealand dairy industry. In addition, the framework is flexible and scalable to evaluate and benchmark other agri-food supply chains – ranging from fresh products such as fruits and vegetables to processed foods such as canned fruits. The findings further show that the detailed information required for measuring the level-3 SCOR metrics is not easily available in the industry, as researchers need to access specific company records that may be confidential. Consequently, this study provides how agri-food supply chain managers can employ our new analytical framework in-conjunction with the SCOR model for a deeper understanding of the complicated performance measurement indicators applied in their agri-food production systems and relevant supply chains.

A Quality Scorecard for the era of Industry 4.0

A Quality Scorecard (QSC) performance measurement model is proposed to evaluate the quality aspects of an organization in Industry 4.0. To design a QSC for the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’, we examined existing measures regarding costs of quality items. The measurement system was refined by simplifying duplicate measures and incorporating quality elements considered in recent international standard revisions. This paper explains the QSC system and its practical use. Two key results were obtained. First, the QSC measures were reduced from a total of 139 potential measures to 15, 30, and 60 for simple, general, and detailed models, respectively. Second, a so-called QSC wheel, a virtual tool to assess weaknesses in existing performance measurement systems, was developed. The QSC wheel may effectively be used in analysing existing performance measurement systems, and may also be applied to evaluate qualitative performance levels in Industry 4.0.

A new electric braking system with energy regeneration for a BLDC motor driven electric vehicle

A new electric braking system is proposed for a brushless DC (BLDC) motor driven electric vehicle (EV) in this paper based on stopping time and energy regeneration. This new braking system is developed by combining various regenerative methods and plugging. Other than the existing performance measures such as boost ratio, braking torque, and maximum conversion ratio; stopping time and energy recovery for various methods are studied for different running conditions. It is observed that the stopping time is less for plugging and increases in the order of two, three and single switch method. In addition, energy recovery is better for single and three switch method. Based on these performances, a new braking strategy is proposed which combine all the regenerative braking methods including plugging and switch among themselves based on the brake pedal depression. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown using both simulation and experiment results.

2018 ACC/AHA Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures.

The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) performance measurement sets serve as vehicles to accelerate translation of scientific evidence into clinical practice. Measure sets developed by the ACC/AHA are intended to provide practitioners and institutions that deliver cardiovascular services with tools to measure the quality of care provided and identify opportunities for improvement. Writing committees are instructed to consider the methodology of performance measure development1 and to ensure that the measures developed are aligned with ACC/AHA clinical guidelines. The writing committees also are charged with constructing measures that maximally capture important aspects of care quality, including …

Implementation of policy initiatives to foster public sector innovation in Malaysia: the need for measurement

The emergence of public sector innovation in the last two decades has been an important aspect of the solution for pressing global economic and social problems. There is rapidly growing interest for measuring innovation in the public sector as part of the goal to improve its overall performance. In the context of Malaysia, the public sector has been dedicated to fostering innovation through the implementation of various policy initiatives. Despite this dedication, there remains a lack of measurement strategies for public sector innovation performance. The existing performance measurement strategy mostly focuses on efficiency and object centric, while the current focus of performance measurement in leading governments such as the United Kingdom, European Union and Australia is shifting towards measuring the effectiveness and capability of public innovation to deliver expected public values. This situation established a critical need for a holistic approach in measuring Malaysian public sector innovation performance, through the implementation of subject-based innovation performance measurement. The existence of such a measurement will be able to provide indicator of achievement, as well as valuable insights to support policy formulation processes, debates and the evaluation of existing policy initiatives.

Expanding Role of Certified Electronic Health Records Technology in Radiology: The MACRA Mandate

Radiology has historically been at the forefront of innovation and the advancement of technology for the benefit of patient care. However, challenges to early implementation prevented most radiologists from adopting and integrating certified electronic health record technology (CEHRT) into their daily workflow despite the early and potential advantages it offered. This circumstance places radiology at a disadvantage in the two payment pathways of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015: the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) and advanced alternative payment models (APMs). Specifically, not integrating CEHRT hampers radiology’s ability to receive bonus points in the quality performance category of the MIPS and in parallel threatens certain threshold requirements for advanced APMs under the new Quality Payment Program. Radiology must expand the availability and use of CEHRT to satisfy existing performance measures while creating new performance measures that create value for the health care system. In addition, radiology IT vendors will need to ensure their products (eg, radiology information systems, PACS, and radiology reporting systems) are CEHRT compliant and approved. Such collective efforts will increase radiologists’ quality of patient care, contribution to value driven activities, and overall health care relevance.

Performance Measurement in Surgery

With growing recognition that the quality of surgical care varies widely, good measures of performance are in high demand. An ever-broadening array of performance measures is being developed to meet these different needs; however, considerable uncertainty remains about which measures are most useful for measuring surgical quality. Current measures encompass different elements of health care structure, process of care, and patient outcomes. This review covers overview of surgical quality measures, categories of quality measures, structural measures of quality, process of care measures, direct outcome measures, matching the measure to the purpose, improving existing performance measures, and the future of performance measurement. Figures show relative ability of historical (2005-2006) measures of hospital volume and risk-adjusted mortality to predict subsequent (2007-2008) risk-adjusted mortality in US Medicare patients, risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity for colon resection at individual hospitals before and after adjustment for reliability, variation in surgeon technical skill for 20 bariatric surgeons performing laparoscopic gastric bypass in the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative (MBSC), and relationship of surgeon technical skill and risk-adjusted complications and resource use after laparoscopic gastric bypass in the MBSC. The table lists primary strengths and limitations of structure, process, and outcome measures. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 34 references

Impact of an Expanded Hospital Recognition Program for Stroke Quality of Care.

BackgroundIn 2009, the Get With The Guidelines‐Stroke (GWTG‐Stroke) program offered additional recognition if hospitals performed well on certain stroke quality measures. We sought to determine whether quality of care for all hospitals participating in GWTG‐Stroke improved with this expanded recognition program.Methods and ResultsWe examined hospital‐level performance on 6 quality of care (process) measures and 1 defect‐free composite quality measure for stroke following expansion of the existing performance measure recognition program. Compliance with all measures improved following launch of the expanded program, and this rate increased significantly for all 9 measures. When evaluated as the relative rate of increase in use over time, process improvement slowed significantly (P<0.05) following launch of the program for 2 measures, and accelerated significantly for 1 measure. However, when evaluated as a gap in care, the decrease in the quality gap was greater following launch of the program for 5 of 6 (83%) measures. There was no evidence that other processes of stroke care suffered as the result of the increase in measures and expanded recognition program.ConclusionsWhile care for stroke continues to improve in this country, expanded hospital process performance recognition had mixed results in accelerating this improvement. However, the quality gap continues to shrink among those participating in provider performance programs.

New measures for comparing optimization algorithms on dynamic optimization problems

Dynamic optimization problems have emerged as an important field of research during the last two decades, since many real-world optimization problems are changing over time. These problems need fast and accurate algorithms, not only to locate the optimum in a limited amount of time but also track its trajectories as close as possible. Although lots of research efforts have been given in developing dynamic benchmark generator/problems and proposing algorithms to solve these problems, the role of numerical performance measurements have been barely considered in the literature. Several performance criteria have been already proposed to evaluate the performance of algorithms. However, because they only take confined aspects of the algorithms into consideration, they do not provide enough information about the effectiveness of each algorithm. In this paper, at first we review the existing performance measures and then we present a set of two measures as a framework for comparing algorithms in dynamic environments, named fitness adaptation speed and alpha–accuracy. A comparative study is then conducted among different state-of-the-art algorithms on moving peaks benchmark via proposed metrics, along with several other performance measures, to demonstrate the relative advantages of the introduced measures. We hope that the collected knowledge in this paper opens a door toward a more comprehensive comparison among algorithms for dynamic optimization problems.

Enablers of contact centre service excellence: a practitioner's perspective

This paper aims to focus on an under-researched aspect of the contact centre industry which is service excellence. Most contact centres put a priority on efficiency rather than effective service delivery. Delivering excellent service goes beyond satisfying a customer as it also delights the customer and increases customer loyalty which can be viewed as a key success factor for organisations. To develop the theoretical framework, content analysis of existing literature was conducted. Both the framework and the survey instrument developed were reviewed with industry experts for reliability and accuracy before broader distribution to the contact centre population of Malaysia. The theoretical framework was tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling with SmartPLS 3.0. The findings and discussions aim to provide scholars the enablers to focus for future research. For practitioners, the implication is to review existing performance measures and consider adopting the proposed enablers for service excellence to increase customer loyalty.