Existence Of Inconsistencies Research Articles

THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTATION IN THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL MARKETING THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) IN INDONESIA

This research contributes to formulating policies and programs related to MSMEs, especially digital marketing in Indonesia. This research examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on the influence of digital marketing via social media on MSMEs in Indonesia. Although several studies have examined the relationship between the use of social media (Technology Acceptance Model, TAM) and company business performance, the existence of inconsistencies in previous research results opens up obstacles for this research to develop theory and strengthen weaknesses. Previous research, as well as complementing the growing digital marketing literature. This research involved 500 MSME owners in Indonesia, where an online survey of MSME owners was the data collection instrument. The data has been analysed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) via AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) software. Results showed that perceived ease of use positively affected attitudes towards using social media. The benefits of using social media and attitudes towards using social media have a positive effect on attitudes towards using social media. The use of social media has a positive impact on the performance of MSMEs. Then, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on the performance of MSMEs. Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation moderates the influence of social media use on MSME's performance, meaning that entrepreneurial orientation strengthens the influence of social media use on MSME's performance. The research implication is that it contributes to the TAM literature, where all tests support the TAM theory. Future research is encouraged to replicate the moderation model developed in this study as applicable to other countries and regions for better generalisation. Future research can add control variables such as age, education, and experience to the relationship between social media use and MSME performance. From a practical point of view, the government needs to intervene to improve the business performance of MSMEs. One of them is providing reliable and affordable internet connectivity, equal distribution of internet infrastructure, especially in rural and remote areas, providing digital literacy and training among business owners and employees. Then, MSME players must be oriented towards entrepreneurship by producing innovative new products and more modern marketing innovations digitally through social media.

Students’ Perception of The Implementation of Kampus Mengajar

The 2020-launched MBKM programme, which was managed by the Ministry of Education and Culture, included the Kampus Mengajar. Students gained a creative attitude, teamwork abilities, and work preparation through this programme, which benefited the neighbourhood. The purpose of this study was to analyze how students felt about the introduction of Kampus Mengajar. This study design is qualitative descriptive research, using qualitative methods like interviewing and documenting to gather data. The participants in Kampus Mengajar 4 served as the study's subjects. A virtualized interview guideline is the tool being used. The results of this investigation are as follows: 1) Students' opinions of the Kampus Mengajar programme, which focuses on literacy, numeracy, and technology adaptation, are favourable; they understand the program's ideas, goals, and method of implementation; and there has been an improvement in learning outcomes across all target schools, albeit to varying degrees. 2) The deficiencies found include the lack of socialisation to the target school, which makes it difficult for teachers to understand the program's concept, as well as the delay in allocating living expenses, the existence of nominal inconsistencies that students were informed of at the start of the programme, and the existence of inconsistencies in the university course conversion system.

Preference rationality analysis for the best–worst method and its application to quality assessment

A primary concern in most decision-making problems using pairwise comparisons is the consistency issue of individual preference information. The existence of inconsistencies may lead to unrealistic and unreasonable results. This paper focuses on the consistency improvements for the best–worst method (BWM), which seeks to retain the original preference information as much as possible. To do this, some optimization models are designed as a preference-modification advice tool to interact with a decision maker (DM). Firstly, several systems of constraints are designed to explicitly control the ordinal consistency for the BWM. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to provide optimal suggestions of preference-modification for ensuring the ordinal consistency. Furthermore, an optimization model is constructed to offer optimal suggestions of preference-modification for simultaneously meeting an acceptable cardinal consistency level and the ordinal consistency. Then, a framework for preference rationality analysis based on the two optimization-based advice tools is designed for the BWM. Finally, a real case study about the quality assessment of airline baggage handling systems is used to validate the proposed approach.

The Practice of Reflection Based on Didactical Design Research: An Analysis of the Geometry Transformation Material

This study aims to identify the possibility of learning obstacles in the concept of Geometric Transformation based on the meaning of the Geometric Transformation concept that students have regarding their experience in obtaining the definition of the Geometric Transformation concept. This study uses a qualitative method and Didactical Design Research for methodological framework that contains three stages of analysis: prospective, metapedadidactic, and retrospective. Teachers who will carry out the learning reflection process based on didactical design research were chosen through purposive sampling as research participants. Forty-eight students took the written test, and then six students were selected by purposive sampling to participate in in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The result indicates that the meaning of the concept of Geometry Transformation, according to students, was the mapping of points in a plane to a set of points in the same plane; the existence of inconsistencies and ambiguity of meaning, and the emergence of the findings of other meaning units of Geometric Transformation concepts. The experience of student meaning shows a tendency for students to get a sense from what is taught by teachers and books with more procedurally oriented concept meanings. Based on the purpose and experience of students' definition, there are learning obstacles in the Geometric Transformation concept, including ontogenic obstacles, epistemological obstacles, and didactical obstacles. These learning obstacles can be a valuable consideration for improving and developing learning designs related to the concept of Geometric Transformation.

EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Corrective Feedback for Pronunciation

The existence of inconsistencies between teachers’ practices and learners’ preferences for feedback in pronunciation arise in a not greatly effective teaching and learning environment. The current study attempts to address this gap by examining the students’ perceptions of corrective feedback (CF) and the alignments between students’ preferences and teachers’ practices on CF for pronunciation in an EFL context, namely Vietnamese high school education. To this end, a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used as the research tools to gather data. The study highlighted the students’ positive perceptions about the values of teachers’ CF for their pronunciation development. In addition, both teachers and students share similarities in the values of students’ responsibility for error correction and segmental features as a choice of corrected errors and teachers as a source of CF. However, the mismatches between students’ preferences and teachers’ practices far outweighed the matches indicated a big challenge for teachers to develop problem-solving strategies. The implications for practical applications of teachers’ CF strategies are also presented.

Risk assessment and prevention of venous thromboembolism among hospitalized patients: Results of the regional multicenter study

Introduction. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health issue that is frequently underestimated. The primary objective of this multicenter study was to identify patients at risk for VTE, and to define the rate of patients receiving appropriate prophylaxis in the regions of Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. Standardized case report forms were filled by trained medical doctors on one predefined day in selected hospitals. Data were analyzed by independent biostatistician. Risk of VTE was categorized according to Caprini score which was recommended by 2004 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines.Results. 432 patients from 4 regions of Kazakhstan; 169 (39.10%) medical patients and 263 (60.9%) surgical patients were eligible for the study. Patients were at low (10%), moderate (19.2%), high (33.6%) and very high risk (37.3%) for VTE. The main risk factors (RF) of VTE among hospitalized patients were heart failure (HF), obesity, prolonged bed rest, and the presence of acute non-infective inflammation. From total number of hospitalized patients with RF with indications to VTE prophylaxis, 58.1% of patients received pharmacological prophylaxis and only 24.6% of them received VTE prophylaxis according ACCP. On the other hand, 23.5% patients with the risk of VTE but who were not eligible for it received pharmacological prophylaxis.Conclusion. These results indicate the existence of inconsistency between eligibility for VTE prophylaxis on one hand and its application in practice (p < 0.001). Risk factors for VTE and eligibility for VTE prophylaxis are common, but VTE prophylaxis and guidelines application are low.

A New Model to Analyze the Efficiency of a Multilevel Drug Supply Network for Hospitals

It is of special importance to procure medicines as strategic commodities. The purpose of this study is to manage a drug supply network using a non-radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. This study is conducted in private hospitals in Tehran. In this regard, a drug supply chain at three levels of suppliers, distributors, and consumers (pharmacies and hospitals) is examined. Indicators and limitations of the network are identified and then the appropriate model is formulated using mathematical equations on the basis of a non-radial DEA model. In order to validate the proposed model, data related to 30 hospitals during 2019 and 2020 is evaluated. According to this model, 5 hospitals had efficient supply networks and 25 hospitals had deficient supply networks. The proposed new model is able to evaluate the multilevel supply network and intermediate components in hospitals. The problems of the drug supply network are due to the increase in demands for the time period under consideration and the existence of inconsistencies in the drug supply chain in hospitals, which has led to an increase in inefficient hospitals.

NORMATIVE REGULATION OF BASIC PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT IN TAX LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE

The basic permanent establishment has been used in the texts of bilateral double taxation treaties since the conclusion of the first ones in the second half of the XIX century. The article is aimed at the characterization of normative regulation of basic permanent establishment in the tax legislation of Ukraine in comparison with their conformity to the provisions of the OECD Model Tax Convention and its Commentaries. Reference to the OECD Model Tax Convention and its Commentaries as a basis for comparison is determined by the fact that it is a recognized and widely used source of interpretation of the provisions of double taxation treaties including the treaties concluded by Ukraine. The comparison of the provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine and the OECD Model Tax Convention points out the existence of inconsistencies that might have a negative influence on the efficiency of the concept of a permanent establishment in Ukraine and good faith realization of conventional norms on tax matters in Ukraine. There are a few proposals of changes that might help to avoid the undesirable consequences of the abovementioned differences: 1) to replace the words “permanent place of activity” on “fixed place of activity” (Art. 14(1)(143) of the Tax Code of Ukraine); 2) to add the words “but not limited to” after the word “include” at the second part of Art. 14(1)(193) of the Tax Code of Ukraine; 3) to add the words “notwithstanding the provisions of the provisions of the first part of this Article” after the words “except to services of secondment of employees” and “civil rights and duties” at the second part of Art. 14(1)(193) of Tax Code of Ukraine; 4) to provide the mechanism of realization of provisions of Art. 10 of the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS concluded in November 2016. Keywords: permanent establishment; OECD Model Tax Convention; tax legislation; double taxation treaties; interpretation.

Sex Hormones and Processing of Facial Expressions of Emotion: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: We systematically reviewed the literature to determine the influence of sex hormones on facial emotion processing (FEP) in healthy women at different phases of life.Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO. Twenty-seven articles were included in the review and allocated into five different categories according to their objectives and sample characteristics (menstrual cycle, oral contraceptives, pregnancy/postpartum, testosterone, and progesterone).Results: Despite the limited number of studies in some categories and the existence of inconsistencies in the results of interest, the findings of the review suggest that FEP may be enhanced during the follicular phase. Studies with women taking oral contraceptives showed reduced recognition accuracy and decreased responsiveness of different brain structures during FEP tasks. Studies with pregnant women and women in the postpartum showed that hormonal changes are associated with alterations in FEP and in brain functioning that could indicate the existence of a hypervigilant state in new and future mothers. Exogenous administration of testosterone enhanced the recognition of threatening facial expressions and the activation of brain structures involved in the processing of emotional stimuli.Conclusions: We conclude that sex hormones affect FEP in women, which may have an impact in adaptive processes of the species and in the onset of mood symptoms associated with the premenstrual syndrome.

The use of an improved technique to reduce the variability of output voltage in real-time Fibre Bragg Grating based monitoring system

Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have been widely utilized in the structural health monitoring (SHM) of structures. However, one of the main challenges of FBGs is the existence of inconsistency in output voltage during wavelength intensity demodulation utilizing photodetector (PD) to convert the light signal into digital voltage readings. Thus, the designation of this experimental work is to develop a robust FBG real-time monitoring system with the benefit of MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) and voltage normalization algorithm to scale down the voltage inconsistency. Low-cost edge filter interrogation system has been practiced in the experimentation and splitter optical component is make use to reduce the intensity of the high power light source that leads to the formation of noise due to unwanted reflected wavelengths. The results revealed that with the advancement of the proposed monitoring system, the sensitivity of the FBG has been increased from 2.4 mV/N to 3.8 mV/N across the range of 50 N. The redundancy in output voltage variation data points has been reduced from 26 data/minute to 17 data/minute. The accuracy of the FBG in detecting the load induced falls in the acceptable range of total average error which is 1.38 %.

Cultural memories, discursive gaps, and tourism promotion: A framework for applied research

Recent studies about the relation between heritage and tourism have consistently signaled the existence of fractures between the cultural reality of tourism destinations and the cognitive and emotional experience of contemporary visitors. On the other hand, the study of the relations between tourism and literature and the recent valorization of storytelling in tourism promotion have both pointed out the importance of different types of discourses in the constitution of tourism spaces and the shaping of visitors’ expectations and experiences. When the desire for authenticity expressed by cultural tourists is also taken into account, the existence of inconsistencies between the cultural realities of destinations, existing discourses and the expectations and perceptions of tourists becomes apparent. Adapting, in an innovative approach, the Gap Model of Service Quality, this paper intends to present a research framework capable of enlightening existing cultural inconsistencies considering the discourses involved in the promotion and experience of tourism destinations. The framework will be applied in an exploratory investigation of the role of José Saramago’s Baltasar and Blimunda in the tourism promotion of Mafra and Lisbon, Portugal, with the aim of developing a conceptual model capable of describing inconsistencies in the promotion and experience of cultural destinations and facilitating the development of adequate mediation proposals.

Kualitas Laba: Implikasi dari Pengaruh Tenure Terhadap Kualitas Audit

This study aims to determine whether the effect of tenure on earnings quality with quality audits are used as intervening variables. The existence of inconsistencies in the results of previous studies on the effect of tenure on audit quality such as Myers et al (2003), Manry et al (2008), Carey and Simnett (2006), Wibowo and Rossieta (2009) led to re-examined this issue to see the effect of tenure on audit quality. In addition, this study also looked at the effects of indirect and direct influence of tenure on earnings quality and tenure through a quality audit of the quality of earnings that will be the test whether the simultaneous influence. Tenure in this study are calculated by looking at how many years the KAP to audit a company, while the audit quality measure using current accruals and earnings quality measure using earnings management. Observational data in this study is a manufacturing company of the year 2006-2010 in accordance with predetermined criteria. The results of this study indicate that significant tenure was positively related to audit quality, tenure can be affected indirectly through a quality audit of the quality of earnings, and tenure through the quality audit can simultaneously affect the quality of earnings.Keywords: Tenure, Quality Audit, Quality of Earnings

An Analytical Appraisal of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Guidelines to Identify Variations in the Procedures

The usage of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in building projects has enabled improvement in project planning, implementation and collaboration process amongst various stakeholders within architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. However, variations exist in the current practices of BIM implementation and coordination process in the industry. These variations result in inconsistent degree of BIM use across the construction industry. This inconsistency gives rise to several managerial and technological challenges such as data interoperability issues and purposeful integration and exchange of information within the BIM components. In order to tackle the issue, it is essential to analyse the different BIM approaches employed by the industry practitioners. BIM guidelines serve as a critical link between the BIM model, and its subsequent execution. They therefore provide the best reflection of BIM application and processes. This research paper aims to address the variations existing in BIM practices across the construction industry. It includes an extensive study of 21 existing, publicly available BIM-based guidelines in order to establish an understanding of the present state of practice and deduce issues and concerns related to them. All guidelines analysed in this paper are first categorised based on authorship and the release date for efficient comparison. The points of similarity and difference between them are thereby realized and outlined. In addition, the transition of project implementation process from traditional methods to BIM technology is also explained. The existence of inconsistencies in the BIM guidelines reviewed in this paper reflects the need of a BIM ‘Code Compliance Check’. The Code Compliance Check will serve as a regulatory project guideline that will further improve the potential of BIM by incorporating a consistent BIM modelling methodology for the entire construction industry.

An Insight into Uganda’s New Sentencing Guidelines

The Ugandan Taskforce on developing sentencing guidelines recently drafted sentencing guidelines for Uganda, which were issued as practice directions by the Chief Justice to assist judges and magistrates in the sentencing decision making process. Like in many other jurisdictions, the sentencing guidelines have been developed to address the perceived existence of inconsistencies in sentencing of similarly placed offenders. This article offers the first insight into Uganda's new sentencing guideline reform. Part I offers some brief commentary on the nature of discretionary sentencing in Uganda. This is followed by a concise chronology of the historical origins of the guidelines, including a brief commentary on the Ugandan Supreme Court decision in the Kigula case that abolished the mandatory death penalty. This decision created a new era of discretionary capital sentencing in Uganda, which later precipitated the need for the development of the guidelines. The third section provides an insight into the main features of the sentencing guidelines, including the composition and mandate of the Ugandan Taskforce that drafted the sentencing guidelines and a brief commentary on the scope and contents of the guidelines. This section addresses some important weaknesses confronting the Uganda guidelines. The article suggests that the Ugandan Taskforce crafted the guidelines on a loose definition of consistency which has given consistency as the main goal of the guidelines a meaningless function. The article concludes that consistency would be given a meaningful function if Uganda's guidelines are modeled on a limiting retributivism justification.

Physics, inconsistency, and quasi-truth

In this work, the first of a series, we study the nature of informal inconsistency in physics, focusing mainly on the foundations of quantum theory, and appealing to the concept of quasi-truth. We defend a pluralistic view of the philosophy of science, grounded on the existence of inconsistencies and on quasi-truth. Here, we treat only the ‘classical aspects’ of the subject, leaving for a forthcoming paper the ‘non-classical’ part.

A Conceptual Basis for Inconsistency Management in Model-based Systems Engineering

A crucial issue in system architecting is the need to study systems from different viewpoints. These viewpoints are defined by a variety of factors, including the concerns of interest, level of abstraction, observers and context. Views conforming to these viewpoints are highly interrelated due to the concerns addressed overlapping. These interrelations and overlaps can lead to inconsistencies. The challenge is to identify and resolve - that is, manage - such inconsistencies. This paper introduces an approach to managing inconsistencies within the context of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). In current practice, the management of inconsistencies relies on ad-hoc methods and infrequently conducted activities such as reviews. The result of this practice is that decisions are often made based on inconsistent information, which can lead to costly rework or even mission failure. Therefore, assisting humans by means of a computational method that can continuously identify and aid in resolving inconsistencies adds significant value. In the paper, the hypothesis that pattern matching can serve as a generic means of identifying inconsistencies is investigated. It is shown that graph patterns can be used as a means to capture conditions for and formally reason about the existence of inconsistencies, and to specify resolution alternatives. The paper concludes that using patterns to manage inconsistencies can be very effective and accurate, but it may also incur additional costs that must be carefully balanced with the benefits gained.

Interoperability of bioinformatics resources

PurposeThis paper aims to supply an introduction to the bioinformatics discipline for information professionals, outlining how current information management issues are hampering the effective integration and interoperability of resources.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken is to outline some of the more challenging issues to illustrate their consequences, such as syntactic and semantic heterogeneity, data storage formats and media, and the existence of inconsistencies in information content in bioinformatics resources. A discussion of these topics indicates how semantic web concepts and technologies, together with e‐science initiatives, can be used to address these problems.FindingsThe paper reveals that, if one considers the use of semantic web technologies such as XML and ontologies for the development of information standards that allows integration of different information systems, these systems could then be placed into applications such as web services and GRIDS tailored for biological studies. Such applications would provide automated functionality for database integration, workflow management, inclusion of provenance data, and notification of services.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is that it exemplifies how information professionals can make an impact on the discipline of bioinformatics, which historically has not been addressed by experts with information skills.

The Vicious Circle Theorem – a Graph-Theoretical Analysis of Dialectical Structures

This article sets up a graph-theoretical framework for argumentation-analysis (dialectical analysis) which expands classical argument-analysis. Within this framework, a main theorem on the existence of inconsistencies in debates is stated and proved: the vicious circle theorem. Subsequently, two corollaries which generalize the main theorem are derived. Finally, a brief outlook is given on further expansions and possible applications of the developed framework.

Distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog.

The term somatostatin refers to a family of peptides, mainly somatostatin-14, somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-28 (1-12), which are the cleavage products of a single 116 amino acid-long preprosomatostain molecule. The production of antibodies to these peptides allows their localization in a number of neuronal populations throughout the entire neuroaxis in many mammals. The dog has been pointed out as an extremely useful animal model for studying age-related cognitive dysfunction and other neuronal changes associated with aging in which somatostatin appears to be involved. However, only very scanty information is available with regard to the distribution of somatostatin in the brain of the dog. In the present work we have determined the pattern of the distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog. High to moderate densities of labeled perikarya were found in the anterior periventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, the reticular thalamic nucleus, in delimited parts of the nucleus of the brachium inferior colliculus, the retrorubral area, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the myelencephalic reticular formation and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Less dense population of somatostatin cells were localized in other diencephalic and brainstem nuclei. The distribution of labeled fibers was even broader as in addition to those above mentioned there were a number of areas that appeared devoid of labeled perikarya. Many of the findings were similar to those reported in earlier works while others underlined the existence of inconsistencies in the distribution pattern of this peptide in the brain of mammals.

A hemostatic criteria for diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) based on pathological evidences

The existence of inconsistency between clinical and pathological diagnosis of DIC has been pointed out by many authors. Present study was undertaken to clarify this difference and to establish a reliable hemostatic criteria for diagnosis of DIC. A retrospective analysis was done by the investigation of twenty-six autopsies out of 64 cases with DIC which had been clinically diagnosed in our laboratory of Kyushu University School of Medicine from November, 1972 to May, 1979. There were seen malignancies in 22 (85%) and severe infections in 19 (73%), and combination of both diseases in 13 cases (50%) as the underlying diseases of this series. These cases were divided into two groups according to the presence of multiple fibrin thrombi as the pathological evidence of DIC. Microthrombi were detected in 14 cases (Group A), but not in 12 cases (Group B).Decrease of platelet counts, plasminogen and antithrombin-III levels, prolongation of prothrombin time and serial thrombin time, increase of fibrin degradation products (FDP) levels and positive ethanol gelation test were seen in both groups. In these parameters, a significant difference in both groups was seen in only FDP levels, i. e. mean values were 88 and 36μg/ml respectively. In addition, microthrombi were not often detected when a hemostatic criteria of depleted platelet counts less than 100, 000/mm3, increased FDP levels more than 40μg/ml and positive ethanol gelation test are satisfied. Therefore, such a strict criteria shold be recommended in order to make a clinical diagnosis coincidental to pathological evidence of DIC.