Existence Of Audit Committee Research Articles

Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the impact of corporate governance (CG) on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures. This is done in the context of firms operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and is largely based on the legitimacy theory, although other theories such as principal–agent theory and stakeholder theory are disucssed.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the annual reports of 147 firms in the GCC countries, drawing on a legitimacy theory framework to determine the impact of CG characteristics, such as management ownership, ownership concentration, independence of board members, duality of CEO and chairman positions and the existence of an audit committee, on firms’ CSR disclosures to various stakeholders. Accordingly, the authors developed five hypotheses to examine the above variables and used a data set from Hawkamah – the Institute of Corporate Governance. This study covers a period of six years (2007-2012). The data set had been regressed in a multi-variate regression analysis.FindingsThe authors reported that greater managerial ownership and concentration of ownership have positive impact on CSR disclosures. The findings of this study also show that internal CG mechanisms, such as the independence of board members, the separation of powers, between the CEO and chairman positions and the existence of an independent audit committee, also have a positive influence on CSR disclosures. In addition, the leverage ratio, return on assets, company’s size and age emerge as important determinants of CSR disclosures; nevertheless, the company’s size and age are statistically not significant. These significant findings corroborate the recent concern with CG in developing countries that brings greater attention to CSR disclousures, as both internal and external CG mechanisms are effective in influencing the CSR practices.Practical implicationsThis study fills the gap in literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of CG on CSR disclosures in a significant region in the emerging economies. Furthermore, it alerts regulators, policy-makers, practitioners and firms’ executives in the GCC region and other developing countries to pay more attention to CG reforms and enforcement as well as to increase institutional pressures regarding CSR adaptation.Originality/valueThe study on how CG and CSR disclosures are connected has been limited. This study addresses this research gap and focuses on a region that has often been overlooked by accounting research.

Corporate governance and management incentives: evidence from the Scandinavian countries

PurposeThe Scandinavian boards are known for their “best practices” for corporate governance. This paper aims to examine the management incentives behind corporate disclosure via an empirical study.Design/methodology/approachMany of the previous empirical work have focused on the US data, but the generalizability of such findings is geographically bounded. The set of management incentives in this paper is examined using a total sample of 123 local annual reports via some of the largest publicly listed firms in the Scandinavian countries between the years 2008-2012.FindingsThe findings of this study reveal that a firm’s financial success originates from the different attributes of corporate governance. Correlation and regression analyses reveal that in terms of firm size, leverage ratio, the existence of audit committee and the independence of CEO, there is a correlation between firm-specific factors and the level of disclosure. In contrast to the previous literature, a positive relationship between corporate disclosure and information asymmetry was not found.Originality/valueThe results of this study are valuable to the policymakers when implementing regulations on corporate governance control. The strategic implications of the findings on business decisions and future research are also discussed.

Audit committees and financial reporting quality: The 8th EU Company Law Directive perspective

In order to increase corporate governance quality, the 8th EU Company Law Directive enacted a mandatory audit committee in publicly listed companies in the EU and defined its tasks and responsibilities. In response to the directive, we examine the incremental value of audit committee monitoring effectiveness and audit committee competencies over the mere existence of an audit committee. We find that audit committee monitoring effectiveness and competencies are positively associated with financial reporting quality, whereas, somewhat surprisingly, the effect of the existence of an audit committee is negative. This finding shows that the existence of audit committees is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for enhancing financial reporting quality. Collectively, the study’s findings suggest that the 8th Directive has had a positive effect on corporate governance quality and, in turn, financial reporting quality in the EU.

Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Opini Audit Asumsi Going Concern

This research aims to test and give empirical proofs of the influence of the existence of independentcommissioner, audit committee, and institutional ownership towards audit opinion. This researchused logistic regression analysis. The result of this research shows that independent commissioner, audit committee, and the composition of institutional ownership did not give influences toaudit opinion.Ke ywords: independent commissioner, audit committee, institutional ownership, audit goingconcern.

The effect of good corporate governance mechanism and leverage on the level of accounting conservatism

Accounting conservatism is a condition where a company acknowledges the debts and costs more quickly, but on the other hand, the company acknowledges the income and assets more slowly. Some factors that can affect the accounting conservatism are stan-dards changes, corporate governance, and so forth. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect occurring on the variable of accounting conservatism when using comprehensive income and income for the current year in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2012 and 2013. The variables studied are institutional ownership, managerial ownership, the existence of audit committee, the number of audit committee meetings, and leverage. The statistical method used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that institu-tional ownership, managerial ownership, and the number of audit committee meetings do not have significant effect on accounting conservatism when using comprehensive income and income for the current year, but the variables of the existence of audit committee and leverage have significant effect on accounting conservatism when using comprehensive income and income for current the year.

PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA DI INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2005-2007)

Purpose of this research is to find the empirical proof that the board composition, board size, the existence of audit committees, company size and managerial ownership affects some earnings management. With Corporate Governance in the company are expected to affect corporate earnings management actions. This research uses the entire population of IDX services company in the year 2005-2007, using purposive sampling techniques sampling the sample obtained by 25 companies. The results using multiple regression analysis is the composition of the board of commissioners, the overall effect of revenue management. This is evidenced by the significance value of 0.002 <0.05. Board size effect on earnings management. This is evidenced by the significance 0.018 <0.05. Audit committees have no effect on earnings management .. This is evidenced by the significance 0.236> 0.05. Size does not affect the company’s revenue management, as evidenced by the value of significance 0.222 <0.05. Managerial ownership has no effect on earnings management, as evidenced by the significance value of 0.581> 0.05.

Empirical Analysis of Joint Impact of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and Corporate Governance (CG) on Firm Value

This paper analyzes simultaneity and endogeneity of ERM and Corporate Governance. It assesses quantitative relationship between Corporate Governance, ERM and value of the firm. The research results provide quantitative justifications for the boards to make investments in ERM and Corporate Governance initiatives for improved shareholder wealth. 3SLS-IV system modeling was applied on 2004-11 data of Gulf Cooperation Council financial institutions. Our research confirms the simultaneity and endogeneity of Corporate Governance, ERM and Firm Value determinants. Firm value is jointly and positively impacted by ERM & Corporate Governance initiatives although the impact was less significant. Unexpectedly, ERM initiative was significantly and negatively impacted by determinants such as intangibility, and profitability. Firm size was the only determinant that showed significant and positive impact on firm value. Relative to UAE the corporate governance mechanism was active in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Oman firms. Further, the existence of audit committees in the GCC firm’s boards and ERM adoption significantly positively impacted the corporate governance by 3.42% and 1.7239% respectively.

What are the drivers of sustainability reporting? A systematic review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematise the research field of sustainability reporting. The authors contribute to closing this research gap and, on the basis of this systematisation, address the research question of what are the drivers of sustainability reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper systematically reviews existing studies and analyses drivers of sustainability reporting using a qualitative approach. The authors intend to demonstrate and discuss the wide range of approaches used in literature.FindingsThe review suggests that firm size, media visibility and ownership structure are the most important drivers of the disclosure of sustainability reports, while corporate governance only seems to have an influence on the existence of audit or sustainability committees. In contrast, other determinants such as profitability, capital structure, firm age or board composition as an indicator of corporate governance do not show a clear tendency.Originality/valueThe authors systemise the research field related to sustainability reporting to give an overview of the current research landscape that is not influenced by environmental or social reporting and discuss the identified determinants and the related variables. This results in a comprehensive report of what is known and unknown about the questions addressed in the systematic review.

The relationship between the audit committee

Audit committees, governance type or otherwise, are a less common feature in EU Member States, where only few countries have extended audit committees or “governance” or similar such committees . Audit committees in the private sector focus on ensuring the reliability and the internal and external reporting, and therefore on the internal and external audit, the quality of internal control systems and risk management processes. For many countries applying this type of public sector audit committee may be too sophisticated, because there are no preconditions for its existence. The existence of audit committees does not automatically mean that organizations function properly and have no governance, internal control and external reporting problems. Because of the importance of communication between the internal auditors and the audit committee, the paper addresses issues such as planning discussions with internal auditors, analysis and conclusions as a result of communication, questionnaire models for the addressed areas and planning the meetings with external auditors.

Determinants of audit report lag: evidence from Palestine

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to employ agency theory to identify the determinants of the audit delay among Palestinian companies listed on Palestine Stock Exchange (PSE).Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on the agency theory, eight hypotheses are tested using data collected from the year 2011 annual reports for all the 46 listed companies on PSE. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the influence of a set of company characteristics, ownership structure variables, and corporate governance mechanisms.Findings– The result of the analysis demonstrated that the audit reporting delay is influenced by the board size, corporate size, status of audit firm, company complexity, existence of audit committee, and ownership dispersion.Research limitations/implications– The main shortcoming of the current study is that the analysis covered the Palestinian companies’ annual reports for only one year. A time series analysis might give fuller and understandable picture about the audit report lag (ARL) determinants. The outcome of the study can be used by companies’ managements and policy makers in Palestine to improve future disclosure.Originality/value– This paper adds to the limited audit delay literature in Middle East countries in general and Arab World in particular. This paper not only examines the determinants of the audit delay but also attempts to theorize such delay.

Determinants of the Financial Performances of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia: From Internal Corporate Governance Practice Perspective

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the financial performances of commercial banks in Ethiopia from an internal corporate governance practices perspective using time series data covering the period of 2008-2013. In the study, financial performance is measured by ROA and ROE of the banks. The study finds that qualified directors in the board, directors with prior experience in banking, chief executive officer compensation and existence of risk management committee in the board have a statistically significant and positive effect on banks’ performance in terms of both ROA and ROE; whereas ownership dispersion has a statistically significant and negative effect on banks performance. The effect of frequency of board meeting on financial performance of bank is positive and significant in terms of ROA, but significant and negative in terms of ROE. On the other hand, variables such as board size, female director in the board, and the existence of audit committee in the board did not have a statistically significant effect on bank’s performance.

The Influence of Corporate Governance Structure towards Underpricing

This study aims to analyze the influence of corporate governance structure on underpricing when firms perform an Initial Public Offering (IPO). This study is based on the signaling theory, stating that the existence of proper corporate governance structure at the time the firm conducting IPO will give the firm a high quality signal to potential investors. The corporate governance structure tested includes the size of Board of Commissioners (BOC), the level of independence of the Board of Commissioners, and the existence of an audit committee. The hypothesis testing is done using a multiple regression model with a sample of 95 observations from firms doing IPOs listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2005-2012. The results of this study provide empirical evidence that: (1) the size of Board of Commissioners is negatively correlated and affects underpricing, (2) the level of independence of the Board of Commissioners has no effect on underpricing, (3) the existence of an audit committee has no effect on underpricing, (4 ) corporate governance structure (the BOC size, the independence of the Board of Commissioners, and the existence of audit committees) simultaneously has a positive and significant correlation to underpricing.

The Interaction Between Financial Audit and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Romania

In order to conduct a quality financial audit both information about financial indicators and about the corporate governance that a company has are mandatory. This study presents the correlation between financial audit and corporate governance of the entities that are listed on the Bucharest Stock of Exchange that had to comply with IFRS approach. Using a simultaneous equation model, positive influence is detected between financial audit, proxy by audit fees, and the type of auditor and negative effect is found between the existence of audit committee, the non- existence of CEO/chair duality and the one tier management system.

The Influence of Post Crisis Corporate Governance Practices Upon Financial Audit

Abstract The correlation between financial audit and corporate governance increased significantly after the release of financial crisis. This study aims to identify the corporate governance factors that influence the audit quality. The audit quality is measured in terms of BIG 4 companies and the research is conducted upon Romanian Market. The individual factors include audit fees, the existence of audit committee, the number of executive directors and other individual financial indicators. The results provide evidence that the existence of corporate governance elements do positively influence the audit quality of the entity, especially when it comes to the number of members that the executive board has. Considering the other variables, mixt results were detected.

The Impact of Internal Corporate Governance on the Timeliness of Financial Reports of Jordanian Firms: Evidence using Audit and Management Report Lags

This study explores the influence of board independence, board size, CEO duality, board diligence, board financial expertise and presence of audit committee as well as the type of sector on the timeliness of financial reports among selected Jordanian companies. The timeliness of the financial reports is measured by audit report lag (ARL) and management report lag (MRL). This study covers 112 firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the years 2011 and 2012. The results of the ARL model indicate that companies that have members of board who are independent from management take a significantly shorter time to prepare and issue their financial reports. The results indicate that companies with greater number of board of directors are related with a higher audit report lag. The results also show that companies that separated the CEO and chairman's roles are quicker in publishing financial reports than companies combining the roles of CEO and chairman. In addition, boards of directors with more meetings make the audit report lag shorter. The findings also support that argument that the existence of an audit committee could resolve the information asymmetry between management and external auditors that, in turn, would lead to reduced audit report lag and management report lag. However, the results of the MRL model show that management report lag is related positively to large board size and board diligence and negatively to the existence of audit committee. This study concludes that the good structures of corporate governance play a key role in improving the quality of timeliness of financial reports. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1p430

Type of earnings management against managerial entrenchment and corporate governance mechanisms

The purpose of this research is to determine the type of earnings management in Canadian firms. To do this, we studied the effect of discretionary accruals, proxy of earnings management, on the future profitability of the firm. In addition, we studied the effect of entrenchment and governance mechanisms namely the board independence, the audit committee existence and the audit quality on the type of earnings management. Our study was based on a sample of 113 Canadian firms listed on the Toronto stock exchange. Using multiple regressions, we found that the type of earnings management chosen by Canadian firms result tends towards efficiency, and that the effect of discretionary accruals on future profitability is moderated only by the manager's entrenchment and the audit quality.

Corporate governance and cash holdings in listed non-financial firms in Pakistan

In this study, the relationship between corporate cash holdings and corporate governance variables is tested in Pakistan. The sample consists of 309 non-financial firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) over the time span of 2002 to 2010. The study uses several proxies for corporate governance mechanisms such as percentage ownership held by directors, institutional investors, and five largest shareholders, the existence of audit committees and a measure of concentration of ownership. To avoid omitted variable bias, the study also controls for all well-known determinants of corporate cash holdings (market to-book ratio, growth, size, leverage, R&D investments, cash flow volatility and cash flows). The two main findings of the study are (i) director’s ownership and board size are negatively related with corporate cash holdings. The institutional shareholdings, concentration of shares and the ownership percentage of 5 big shareholders are directly related to cash holdings. (ii) Among the control variables, growth and size are insignificant while dividend and cash flows are positively associated with cash holdings and leverage, capital expenditure and net-working capital are negatively related to cash holdings. The findings imply that managers of the firms do not misuse the cash when more monitoring and control is involved by the shareholders. The results also indicate that cash holdings by the firms are maintained for the dividend payments. Finally, debt and working capital act as a cash substitute for firms which lead to less cash holdings.

English

The current study examined several issues regarding auditor independence from the perspective of an emerging market such as Bahrain. Factors affecting the ability of auditors to remain independent include long audit tenure, financial dependence on a single audit client, non-audit services provided to audit clients, ex-auditor employment with an audit client and the existence of audit committees. It is therefore timely to examine the importance of auditor independence in the provision of reliable and credible financial information. The current study uses a questionnaire survey to examine auditors’ perceptions of the impact of mandatory audit firm rotation on auditor independence. The results of the study revealed that the majority of auditors agreed that MAR could safeguard auditor independence. The results also reveal that there is a significant relationship between mandatory audit firm rotation and auditor independence. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were also conducted to test for the possibility of confounding effects arising from participants’ background and experience. None of these variables were found to have a confounding effect on the experimental results. The results also reveal that the adoption of rotation rules wasn’t given enough attention among the auditing firms in Bahrain. Keywords: Mandatory audit firm rotation (MAR), auditor independence, Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC), European Commission (EC) Government Accounting Office (GAO), Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).

Finding determinants of audit delay by pooled OLS regression analysis

The aim of this paper is to investigate determinants of audit delay. Audit delay is measured as the length of time (i.e. the number of calendar days) from the fiscal year-end to the audit report date. It is important to understand factors that inufluence audit delay since it directly afects the timeliness of financial reporting. The research is conducted on a sample of Croatian listed companies, covering the period of four years (from 2008 to 2011). We use pooled OLS regression analysis, modelling audit delay as a function of the following explanatory variables: audit firm type, audit opinion, profitability, leverage, inventory and receivables to total assets, absolute value of total accruals, company size and audit committee existence. Our results indicate that audit committee existence, protability and leverage are statistically signicant determinants of audit delay in Croatia. Key words: audit delay, timeliness of corporate reporting, listed companies

PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN MELALUIGCG SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

The purpose of this research are to verify the impact of earning management to financial performance with good corporate governance as a moderating variable. Number of commissioner board and the existence of auditcommittee are use to indicate good coporate governance. The sample of research is manufacturing company thatlisted in Bursa Efek Indonesia for the year 2009 – 2011. T-test is used to prove all of hypothesis. The results indicatethat earning management have an impact to company financial performance. Number of commissioner board can beweaken the impact of earning management to company financial performance, but the other hand, existence of auditcommittee can not.