Exercise Of Autonomy Research Articles

Resistance at the Borders of Power: Reflections on the Zapatista and Palestinian Experiences

Palestinians and Zapatistas exist in the liminal space at the margins of an oppressive state power, which they resist through their very existence as self-defined peoples. Their everyday resistance practices, reflecting prefigurative politics, forge collective identity and social subjectivity through what the Zapatistas call “dignified rage” and Palestinians call sumud (steadfastness). In the tradition of active nonviolence, both movements creatively employ art, ironic humor, and joy in processes of resistance that strengthen the community. Both movements resist the coloniality of power through initiatives that reinforce self-sufficiency while practicing solidarity to offset the hegemonic power that attempts to divide and isolate them and strip them of their identity. Through the exercise of autonomy, de facto rather than negotiated, they refuse to recognize illegitimate authority. Their autonomous actions counterpose what Hardt and Negri call constituent power, built from below, to the state’s offer of a quota of constituted institutional power imposed from above and confined within imposed territorial borders.

The oral communication principle and coming up to informed decision requirements in national screening programs

ObjectiveInformed consent (IC) principles are often overlooked aspects in debates about national screening programs. This short communication examines the Danish approach to IC in decision-making about screening participation. Study designA descriptive approach is adopted in linking present screening practices with Danish regulation about IC and international ethical principles. MethodsTo ascertain the extent to which screening procedures come up to IC requirements, the article adopts a review approach by examining relevant Danish national legislation including ministerial orders as well as international ethical codes. ResultsThe article finds that, although Danish legislation as well as international IC principles generally stipulates a decision-making process requiring oral communication, current procedures largely rely on one-way communication through written information available from leaflets, web sites, etc. Screening programs seem to have established no general formula to qualify healthcare users' understanding of data underlying their choice whether to be screened. ConclusionThe deviance from common IC principles may reduce healthcare quality, pose a safety problem, and challenge healthcare users' ability to exercise autonomy.

BDSM, body modification, transhumanism, and the limits of liberalism

BDSM, body modification, transhumanism, and the limits of liberalism

Semantics and algorithms for trustworthy commitment achievement under model uncertainty

We focus on how an agent can exercise autonomy while still dependably fulfilling commitments it has made to another, despite uncertainty about outcomes of its actions and how its own objectives might evolve. Our formal semantics treats a probabilistic commitment as constraints on the actions an autonomous agent can take, rather than as promises about states of the environment it will achieve. We have developed a family of commitment-constrained (iterative) lookahead algorithms that provably respect the semantics, and that support different tradeoffs between computation and plan quality. Our empirical results confirm that our algorithms’ ability to balance (selfish) autonomy and (unselfish) dependability outperforms optimizing either alone, that our algorithms can effectively handle uncertainty about both what actions do and which states are rewarding, and that our algorithms can solve more computationally-demanding problems through judicious parameter choices for how far our algorithms should lookahead and how often they should iterate.

Physical activity and behavioral regulations for exercise in patients with noncommunicable disease in central Saudi Arabia

Objective: Saudi Arabia's population has experienced a significant raise of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) over the past decade. Physical activity (PA) is recognized to positively impact the course of NCD, but existing evidence indicates poor PA protocol adherence across the nation. The self-determination theory (SDT) proposes that perceived autonomy and motivational quality for exercise play a determining role in behavioral regulation. The aim of this study was to explore SDT-based constructs and PA-related characteristics in Saudi patients with four major NCD.Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relations between PA and relative autonomy for exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes (T1DM and T2DM), and hypertension (HTN) in a hospital in Riyadh.Results: Two hundred and sixty-three patients >18 years participated in the study. Patients accumulated 2016 metabolic equivalent minutes of PA per week (standard deviation = 1683.40). PA levels differed significantly between CVD and HTN, CVD, and T1DM patients (P < 0.00). T1DM was the most active and CVD the least active patient group. PA levels were highly correlated with the degree of perceived autonomy for exercise (r (244) = 0.65, P = 0.000) and differed significantly between some patient groups (P < 0.05). Motivational quality significantly predicted PA level in the sample (F[4, 241] = 48.639, P < 0.000, R = 0.447).Conclusion: Our results indicate that perceived autonomy and motivational quality are underestimated determinants of PA in patients with T1DM, T2DM, HTN, and CVD in Saudi Arabia. Differing NCD-PA profiles suggest the need for disease-specific treatment approaches.

Education system and the training of workers: the disqualification of flexible high school education.

This article analyzes high school education reform and its impact on the education project on those who work for a living. By analyzing Law 13.415/2017, recent statistics and the new proposal for curricular organization, arguments will be identified that point to the flexibilization of high school education as an expression of the pedagogical project of the flexible accumulation system, whose logic continues to be the unequal distribution of knowledge, but in a differentiated way. The aim is the formation of flexible subjectivities submitted to the precarity of work, naturalizing instability, insecurity and deregulation for an alleged autonomy of choice. From the ontological viewpoint, the article shows that the high school education reform responds to the alignment of the flexible accumulation system formation. In epistemological terms, it compares the conception of praxis that guided the drafting of the curricular guidelines in 2012 with the dimensions of individualism, fragmentation, presentism and pragmatism present in the new guidelines. Based on the analysis, the author emphasizes the need to create other forms of curricular organization in the exercise of autonomy by the school as an alternative for the integral formation of young individuals.

The Photography Use as A Therapeutic Resource

Objective: To report the experience of three students who performed an intervention that used photography as a therapeutic resource with users of a CAPS Disorder. Methodology: The intervention was the product of the Workshop on Mental Health of the 6th semester of the psychology course of the Faculdade Pernambucana de Saude. During the Workshop, the students were able to build knowledge through their experiences and their interactions with the field studied. The experience was divided into three moments. Initially, a photography workshop and a collage activity were held. Afterwards, users went to Engenho Massangana to practice photography. Finally, they organized a photographic exhibition for their families and service staff. Results and discussion: During the activities, seventeen users participated voluntarily. Through artistic experimentation, it was realized that the intervention could favor psychosocial rehabilitation through protagonism, leisure and art. Users were able to explore the place and interact with others, developing a new socializing environment beyond the limits of CAPS. In addition, through the photographic gaze, they created narratives and ways of expressing subjectivity. Conclusion: The intervention allowed the exercise of autonomy and citizenship of service users. Thus, it is extremely important that mental health services promote recreational and leisure social activities, contributing to the social reintegration of individuals who have long been excluded from their families and communities.

The Effectiveness of an Autonomy-Based Exercise Training on Intrinsic Motivation, Physical Activity Intention, and Health-Related Fitness of Sedentary Students in Middle School

Background: Understanding how to enhance the motivation of inactive students to do physical activity is of great importance for school health. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of an autonomous exercise training intervention on intrinsic motivation, physical activity intention, and health-related fitness of sedentary students in middle schools of Aliabad Katoul city, Golestan province, in 2019. Methods: The present causal-comparative field study was conducted on 45 middle school boys (mean age: 15.08 years) who were sedentary according to Godin-Shephard Questionnaire. The subjects were randomly assigned into three groups: Choice (autonomy training), No-Choice (training without autonomy), and control (no training). Subjects in Choice and No-Choice groups practiced physical fitness items (including flexibility and endurance) for eight weeks, such that the Choice group was allowed to the chosen order of exercises while the No-Choice group was trained in a predetermined order. Intrinsic motivation and physical activity intention were measured by questionnaire and health-related physical fitness components including flexibility, upper-body endurance, and cardiovascular endurance were evaluated by standard tests. One-way and mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Tukey test was also used as follow-up test. Results: The participants in the Choice group reported higher intrinsic motivation (6.11±0.53) and physical activity intention (6.20±0.62) scores compared with other groups in post-test. Moreover, the results showed that autonomy training compared with training without autonomy and no training significantly increased intrinsic motivation (F=36.03, P<0.001) and physical activity intention (F=36.68, P<0.001). However, autonomy training did not improve physical fitness components such as flexibility (P=0.847), upper-body endurance (P=0.572), and cardiovascular endurance (P=0.982) more than non-autonomous training. Conclusions: These results may indicate that the feeling of autonomy during exercise training has a greater effect on psychological components (including intrinsic motivation and physical activity intention) compared with physical components (including physical fitness).

A randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of a patient-adapted autonomous exercise regime for patients with head and neck cancer

Patients undergoing surgical therapy of head and neck malignancies are known to exhibit a high number of comorbidities and frequently present a high nosocomial morbidity. Physiotherapy (PT) improves the clinical course of patients after extensive surgery. The aim of this study was to establish and then compare an additional individualized autonomous exercise plan with standard physiotherapy. 69 consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment of head and neck cancer were randomized into two groups. The control group received standard clinical physiotherapy, the intervention group an additional autonomous exercise plan, adapted to the patient's performance profile. The patients randomized to the intervention group showed significantly fewer signs of fatigue (5.5 ± 3.5 vs. 3.7 ± 2.7, p = 0.048) and fewer digestive problems (4.7 ± 3.3 vs. 2.3 ± 2.7; p = 0.009) compared with the patients of the control group. In addition, a significantly shorter hospital stay was observed (17.7 ± 6.3 vs. 13.4 ± 3.4 days, p = 0.005), which was positively influenced by the early start of the exercises (r = 0.623, p = 0.001) and frequent practice (r = 0.432, p = 0.031). Patients with head and neck cancer therapy can benefit from an autonomous, individualized exercise plan. In coordination with the physiotherapists, mobilization should be as early and intensive as possible.

What Motivates Nurses to Exercise? Determinants of Physical Activity Among Canadian Nurses Using Self-Determination Theory.

Nurses' suboptimal physical activity (PA) levels place them at high risk for cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about the motivational factors that influence their PA behavior. This study drew on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to investigate whether associations between nurses' levels of mood disturbance, psychological need satisfaction (competence, autonomy, and relatedness), and self-determined motivation predict levels of objectively assessed PA. A total of 363 nurses recruited from 14 hospitals in the Champlain region of Ontario, Canada, wore ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers and completed standardized questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and work characteristics, mood disturbance, and SDT variables. Levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) were measured in minutes/week in bouts ≥10 min. Data were analyzed using path analysis and multiple mediational model. The model predicting MVPA showed good fit to the data, χ 2 (4, n = 363) = 7.82, p = .10; comparative fit index = .991; Tucker-Lewis Index = .967; root mean square error of approximation = .051. Higher mood disturbance was associated with lower perceived competence (β = -.29, p = .002), autonomy (β = -.29, p = .002), and relatedness (β = -.19, p = .002). Lower perceived competence (β = .46, p = .003) and autonomy (β = .14, p = .011), as well as higher mood disturbance (β = -.16, p = .016), were associated with less self-determined motivation for PA. Lower self-determined motivation was associated with lower levels of MVPA among nurses. Interventions targeting low mood, as well as perceived competence and autonomy in exercise, may promote MVPA among nurses and reduce cardiac risk.

Promotion of Pre- and Post-Transplant Physical Exercise in the Emilia-Romagna Region: The Network of the Program “Transplantation, Physical Activity, and Sport”

BackgroundFollowing the positive experience of the national project “A transplant...and now it’s time for sport,” the Transplant Reference Center of the Emilia-Romagna Region has pursued the promotion of pre- and post-transplant physical exercise by developing a network. MethodsThe path involved the transplant centers and operative units (UU.OO) who wanted to target transplant and waiting list patients, who are clinically stable, to perform personalized exercise through a program (supervised or not) prescribed by a specialist in sports medicine. With the collaboration of the Collective Prevention and Public Health Service, the network was established, consisting of the sports medicine centers and the gyms that promote health for adapted physical activity (PS-AMA). To implement the network, training courses for all the professionals involved (doctors, nurses, exercise specialists) and operational meetings in the transplant centers-nephrology units with patients’ associations have been organized. ResultsTo date, there are 14 transplant centers and UU.OO, 9 sports medicine centers, and 45 PS-AMA involved in this network. Seven training courses were organized with the participation of 193 health professionals. Since January 2016, there have been 65 transplanted patients and 5 patients on the waiting list who practice the prescribed exercise. Of these, 45 carry out supervised exercise in PS-AMA; 25 perform autonomous exercise. Each patient is monitored every 6 months. No problems related to the exercise performance were recorded. ConclusionsThe development of a network of professionals and associations is the key element to raise awareness of physical activity among transplanted and waiting-for-transplant patients, reducing the pathologies associated with a sedentary lifestyle.

Cuba: Transformación agraria, cooperación agrícola y dinámicas sociales

En este articulo analizamos las principales transformaciones que en el uso y tenencia de la tierra introduce la reforma economica iniciada en Cuba en los anos noventa del pasado siglo. Siguiendo la trayectoria de los diferentes tipos de cooperativas se focalizan las especificidades de las dinamicas sociales en el sector cooperativo y las mediatizaciones que intervienen en la reproduccion y movilidad social, las contradicciones que genera la propiedad estatal-cooperativa que impiden su realizacion socioeconomica y modelan la subjetividad limitando la emergencia de una cultura cooperativa de raiz campesina. Entre otras, se concluye que la marca centralizadora del Estado limita el ejercicio de la autonomia, frena la gestion democratica e cualifica la subjetivacion y construcciones simbolicas de los grupos sociales estudiados, lo que desafia el diseno de politicas publicas mas ajustadas a las dinamicas reales vividas por los actores del cooperativismo, que observen la equidad de genero, la cuestion territorial, valoricen los saberes locales y preserven el medio ambiente.Palabras claves: transformacion agraria, cooperativismo, reproduccion Social, politicas publicas,

Consociation as a Guarantee for the Protection of Minority Rights in Ethiopia

The Constitution of Ethiopia takes diversity seriously as a response to the country’s history. On the other hand, the Constitution does not protect minority groups to the extent that it promised in its Preamble, as has been observed for many years. This necessitates a system that at best fosters the interests of minorities and thereby contributes to establishing a legitimate government. This article recommends that a consociational arrangement protects minorities by enabling them to exercise autonomy at the municipal level and be represented in the federal government, thereby allowing them to participate in the federal law-making process. Executive power sharing allows ethnic groups to participate in the federal executive and feel that they are part of the government. Finally, minority veto allows them to veto laws that affect their vital interests such as language rights.

Access to Postpartum Sterilization: Are We Underestimating the Risk of Regret? [5G

INTRODUCTION: To identify barriers to postpartum sterilization at a suburban community teaching hospital. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of pregnant women ages 21-44 who expressed desire for postpartum sterilization by the 28th week of gestation. The study period was from January 2012 to December 2013. Patient demographics and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: In the study period, 154 women desired postpartum sterilization, 88 (57.1%) underwent the procedure and 66 (42.9%) did not. Change of heart occurred in 38 women (57.5%), medical reasons were given in 14 women (21.2%), and lack of Medicaid sterilization form was noted in 5 women (7.5%). There was lack of a documented reason for not performing the procedure in 9 (13.6%) women. CONCLUSION: We found that almost 60% of women experienced a change of heart regarding sterilization which is significantly higher than other reports. The high rate of change of heart and low rate of lack of government consent in our study suggest that women can exercise autonomy and opt out of sterilization even after consenting and completing the required consent form by 28 weeks gestation. While risk of regret appears to vary inversely with age, the relationship between change of heart and sterilization regret warrants further study.

Muscle mass and strength gains following 6 months of resistance type exercise training are only partly preserved within one year with autonomous exercise continuation in older adults.

Although resistance type exercise training (RT) effectively increases muscle mass and strength in older individuals, it remains unclear whether gains in muscle mass and strength are maintained without continued supervised training. We assessed the capacity of older individuals to maintain muscle mass and strength gains one year after partaking in a successful RT program. Fifty-three healthy older adults performed a 24-wk supervised RT program. Upon the cessation of the training program, participants were not provided with any advice or incentives to continue exercise training. One year after completion of the training program, all participants were contacted and invited back to the laboratory to assess anthropometrics, body composition (DXA), quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) (CT-scan), muscle strength (1RM knee extension/leg press), and muscle fiber characteristics (muscle biopsy). Following primary analyses on all participants that responded to the invitation (n = 35), participants were divided into two groups: individuals who had continued to perform exercise training on an individual basis (EXER group; n = 16) and individuals who had not continued to perform any regular exercise (STOP group; n = 19) after completing the RT program. The initial increases in quadriceps CSA (+506 ± 209 and +584 ± 287 mm2) and knee extension strength (+32 ± 12 vs +34 ± 10 kg) after the 24-wk RT program did not differ between the STOP and EXER group (all P > 0.05). One year after discontinuation of the RT program, participants had lost muscle mass (P < 0.01), with a greater decline in quadriceps CSA in the STOP vs EXER group (-579 ± 268 vs -309 ± 253 mm2, respectively; P < 0.05). Muscle strength had decreased significantly compared to values after completing the RT program (P < 0.01), with no differences observed between the STOP vs EXER group (knee extension: -21 ± 8 vs -18 ± 8 kg, respectively; P > 0.05), yet remained higher compared with values before the RT program (P < 0.05). Though prolonged RT can effectively increase muscle mass and strength in the older population, muscle mass gains are lost and muscle strength gains are only partly preserved within one year if the supervised exercise program is not continued.

Interminable Disagreement: Reflections on the Autonomy of International Organisations

This article suggests that the autonomy of international organisations stems not so much – or not only – from intentional action on the part of international organisations and their member states, but also results well-nigh inevitably from the exercise of autonomy by international organisations. Whenever organisations act, they affirm their autonomy, and their autonomy is affirmed by their audiences. This is illustrated by brief discussions of the three main settings in which international organisations operate: vis-à-vis their member states (discussing the proposed expulsion of Liberia from the League of Nations), their staff (discussing manifestations of McCarthyism in unesco), and the outside world (discussing the immunities of the un in relation to the Haiti cholera affair).

Characterizing Super-Posters in a MOOC for Teachers’ Professional Development

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) attract thousands of participants who each exercise autonomy by engaging with resources and with other participants to whatever degree they wish. When analyzing participants’ patterns of engagement in MOOCs it is possible to notice that certain participants exhibit high levels of participation, actively engaging with others in forums. This study focuses on characterizing these highly active participants, and understanding their contributions back to the network in a MOOC designed for teachers’ professional development. Connectivism is used as theoretical lens to describe super-posters’ engagement in forums. Data from participants’ demographics, click-data, and forum posts are used to identify these highly active users. Qualitative content analysis is used to categorize the content of their posts, and social network analysis is used to represent their patterns of engagement. Results show that super-posters are generators of engagement, repurposing the content learned from the MOOC and feeding-forward new resources to the network. Super-posters can be seen as representatives of participation inequality in forums. They position themselves as the most prestigious and most influential nodes in the networks created by participants as they engage in forums. In some networks super-posters served as bridges, connecting people from different discussion threads and helping information to flow through the network. This study provides to MOOC designers and MOOC instructors an affordable method to identify and classify super-posters in any MOOC. Findings of this study could be used by MOOC designers and MOOC instructors to develop pedagogical interventions to give these participants a special role in the next MOOC cohort, which may foster engagement in MOOC forums and nurture the cyclical process of learning described in Connectivism. Regarding implications for research, this study attends the need for qualitative methods when analyzing participants’ engagement in MOOC forums and contributes to our knowledge of participation inequality. It also extends the literature of super-posters by showing their characterization in a MOOC focused on teachers’ professional development.

Personalized Medicine and Medicinal Chemistry: Toward a Legal Framework in the European Union.

In the last few years, the fields of Medicinal Chemistry and especially the ones related to the so-called Personalized Medicine, have received a great attention. Significant investment and remarkable researches surround the matter; however, not all those promising advances are reaching patients as quickly as they should. The absence of an adequate regulatory framework could be of no help. The complete and/or massive sequencing of individual genomes faces many ethical-legal challenges. Some of them are access to Personalized Medicine; the treatment of a large volume of sensitive information and the use of tools produced by "big data" systems in clinical care or in predictive models. In addition, the legal protection of personal data related to health, the exercise of autonomy by patients, closely related to the regulation regarding clinical trials, are seriously involved. Our purpose of this work is to review the regulations of the European Union, in an attempt to contribute to a better understanding of the legal framework for the implementation and development of health systems based on Personalized Medicine.

When social protection and emancipation go hand in hand: Towards a collective form of care

In the second half of the 20th century, all welfare states introduced social policies to help disabled persons. Yet since the 1970's, social protection devices have been the object of two criticisms. Disabled persons movements and the disability studies denounce both the underlying domination and paternalism and the forms of segregation that fuel the dependency and passivity of the beneficiaries of such devices. More recently, neoliberal activation policies have been trying to restrict access to these devices, believing that because they encourage people to take advantage of national solidarity, they constitute an obstacle to self-determination. These two lines of criticism converge to consider forms of protection as forms of alienation; they associate emancipation with the exercise of autonomy and the defence of human rights on the one hand, and with individual accountability on the other. By revisiting certain forms of protection related to French public policies – such as the introduction of social minima – and to civil society (associative work in particular), and by referring to different empirical studies, I will attempt to shed light on the conditions for forms of social protection that are sources of emancipation. I will show that they take place in arrangements that combine local care between peers with financial support from public policies. In this way I hope to make a modest contribution to Nancy Fraser's project to forge “a new alliance between social protection and emancipation”.

Staged Seduction: Selling Dreams in a Tokyo Host Club by Akiko Takeyama

Reviewed by: Staged Seduction: Selling Dreams in a Tokyo Host Club by Akiko Takeyama Nana Okura Gagné (bio) Staged Seduction: Selling Dreams in a Tokyo Host Club. By Akiko Takeyama. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2016. xvii, 225 pages. $80.00, cloth; $22.95, paper. In September 2004, Akiko Takeyama walked into Kabukicho, Tokyo's red-light district, and experienced firsthand the district's (in)famous hosts and their aggressive flirtation. Being an inquisitive anthropologist, Takeyama immediately felt some familiarity with the host who approached her—someone pursuing an "alternative" life path to "conventional salarymen/housewives roles" (p. xiii). Feeling "like a celebrity" (p. xiv), Takeyama "grew attracted to" the host (p. xv). Not knowing how to characterize "the nature of [her] relationship" (p. xvii) which involves monetary transactions, this became the initial trigger for Takeyama's long-term research to explore the labyrinth of male escorts in the early 2000s. Based on frequent visits to host clubs in Tokyo as well as in Osaka in 2003–4 and in follow-up research until 2013 (p. 17), Takeyama unravels what is commonly known as the "Kabukicho Dream," where "people's temporal sense of future, present, and past … fold into restless feelings of both hope and despair" (p. xviii). Suggesting that "the host's aspirations and the client's dreams may already have aligned in the future-oriented neoliberal cultural ethos" (pp. 12–13), she argues that "the art of seduction mirrors neoliberal governance and permeates social interactions" (p. 16). Staged Seduction is "an account of host club participants' human dramas" (p. xviii), where male hosts sell "romance" to female patrons and simultaneously pursue their own economic goals. According to Takeyama, Tokyo is a "futuristic," "affective cityscape" that provides opportunities for young people to achieve their dreams through flexible labor and lifestyle consumption (p. 32). This cityscape overrides the previous political economic paradigm, she argues, and host clubs offer "the emancipatory possibilities of flexible labor, expressive consumption, and neoliberal subjectivity in the new millennium Japan" (p. 38). Hosts are "young, handsome men" who are "self-employed, independent agents who exercise autonomy over their tables" (p. xiii). Without formal skills or qualifications, their job is to "arouse women's sensual fantasies" (p. 1) and to "produce and consume love" (p. 3), by entertaining female customers as well as drinking, eating, dating, and having sex with their patrons. Coming from disadvantaged backgrounds, hosts are desperate, aspire to get rich quickly, and seek upward mobility by selling their "love" through "their paradoxical—commodified yet entrepreneurial—male subjectivity" (p. 21). [End Page 186] In contrast, female clients are mostly sex workers and hostesses, as well as some widows, unhappy housewives, and lonely career women. Their stories reveal multivalent reasons that drive customers to consume hosts' "pseudo-romance" and explain why they often come with considerable disposable income or inheritances. Takeyama argues, "it is the anticipation of aging" that provokes women's fear (p. 106) and spurs them to "battle against" it. Takeyama sees the power of romantic excitement as "a technology of the self" (p. 114), arguing that these women "have become neoliberal female subjects, while simultaneously subjecting to the new mentality of self-governed freedom and feminine power" (p. 132). Staged Seduction eloquently reveals the particular temporality of hosts and their clients and their self-justifications, which are rigidly bounded in time and space. For hosts, this performance has to be enacted while they are young, mainly in their 20s, and staged in Japan's red-light district (p. 99). This is precisely because this particular configuration of rigid and limited temporality enables them to perform this hyper-demanding job: binge drinking, sleep deprivation, and constantly lying, faking romance and engaging in sex in order to extract enormous sums of money from female clients. Takeyama calls this "entrepreneurial temporality" and particularizes this as Japan's "affect economies,"1 as well as reflective of globalizing "neoliberalism." Yet, her subjects' experience intriguingly resonates with the subjectivities revealed in ethnographies of other groups such as Tom Gill's day laborers, Tiantian Zheng's male tongzhi sex workers, and Don Kulick's transgendered travesti prostitutes.2 Despite their differences, all of these individuals become enthralled (or survive, in Gill...