Fitness Exercise Research Articles

The analysis of aerobics intelligent fitness system for neurorobotics based on big data and machine learning

In modern society, people's pace of life is fast, and the pressure is enormous, leading to increasingly prominent issues such as obesity and sub-health. Traditional fitness methods cannot meet people's needs to a certain extent. Therefore, this work aims to use technology to change people's lifestyles and compensate for traditional fitness methods' shortcomings. Firstly, this work overviews neurorobotics, providing neural perception and control functions for aerobics intelligent fitness system. Secondly, the connection between big data and machine learning (ML), big data technology products, and the ML process are discussed. The Spark big data platform builds node data for calculation, and the decision tree algorithm is used for data preprocessing. These are important for future intelligent fitness analysis. This work proposes an aerobics intelligent fitness system based on neurorobotics technology and big data analysis and develops a recommendation system for the best fitness exercise. This system utilizes neural perception and control functions, combined with big data and ML technology, to solve the obesity and sub-health problems faced by people in fast-paced and high-pressure lifestyles. By harnessing the computational capabilities of the Spark big data platform and applying the decision tree algorithm for data preprocessing, the system can furnish users with personalized fitness plans and optimization recommendations. This work conducts a model performance study on 35 % aerobic fitness data on intelligent fitness Android v1.0.8 to evaluate the system's data processing ability and training effectiveness. Moreover, the aerobics intelligent fitness system models based on neurorobotics, big data, and ML are evaluated. The results indicate that normalizing the data using the Min-Max method leads to a decrease in the F1 value and a reduction in data set errors. Consequently, the dataset studied by the system model is beneficial to improving the work efficiency of the aerobics intelligent fitness system. After the comprehensive human quality of the system model is evaluated, the actual average score of the comprehensive human quality of the 13 users tested before the aerobics intelligent fitness system test is 91.44, and the average prediction score is 90.88. The results of the two tests are similar. Thus, using the intelligent fitness system can enable the user to obtain system feedback according to the actual training effect, thereby playing a guiding role in the intelligent fitness of aerobics for the user. This work designs and implements the aerobics intelligent fitness system close to the human body's training effect, further enhancing the specialization and individualization of sports and fitness.

Development of the Fit&Fab Exercise Intervention for Women With Obesity: A Community Advisory Board Informed Process.

Women with higher body mass index report low rates of and face unique barriers to exercise. Increasing exercise participation can improve mental and physical health independent of weight loss; however, most exercise programs targeting this population focus predominately on losing weight. This paper aims to describe the development of Fit&Fab, a community-based exercise intervention focused on increasing exercise participation and enjoyment for women with obesity. In partnership with the YMCA, we recruited women ages 35-64years (body mass index ≥ 30) to participate in 4 focus groups to understand exercise preferences. Formative work was used to identify theory constructs and associated intervention components. Women from the focus groups were recruited for a community advisory board that finalized the intervention design, recruitment, and evaluation plan. Focus groups participants (N = 29) preferred to exercise without men and wanted a cohort-style class that included women of similar exercise levels and body types, incorporated social support, fun activities, and broke exercise into smaller bouts. They wanted a supportive instructor who was fit but understood weight-related challenges. The community advisory board and research team used focus group findings to inform design of the final intervention including group exercise classes, psychosocial support sessions, personalized training, exercise tracking, outcome monitoring, and rewards. Our findings emphasize the need to focus on exercise enjoyment and benefits other than losing weight to improve exercise participation among women with higher body mass index. In addition to having outcomes other than weight loss, exercise interventions with this population should also consider group composition, instructor, and class format.

The Effect of Long-Term Learning of BaduanJin on Emotion Regulation: Evidence from Resting-State Frontal EEG Asymmetry.

Baduanjin, as a Chinese traditional fitness exercise, can help people regulate emotions and promote their physical and psychological health. However, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to examine the effects of differences in the level of Baduanjin learning on individuals' brain and psychological response related to emotion regulation. Twenty-two participants with long-term Baduanjin learning (for more than one year), and 21 participants with short-term Baduanjin learning (for approximately three months) were recruited. All participants were asked to do a complete 12-minute set of Baduanjin. Before and after doing Baduanjin, their resting-state EEG signals were collected, besides, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF) were used to assess participants' emotion regulation strategies and abilities. The results of psychological measurement indicated that participants in the long-term group were more likely to use cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy compared to participants in the short-term group (p<0.05). Moreover, the analysis of the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) showed that participants in the long-term group rather than the short-term group exhibited significant left lateralization after doing Baduanjin (p<0.05). The findings provide preliminary evidence for the neural mechanism underlying how long-term Baduanjin learning promotes individuals' emotion regulation indexed by FAA. The study provides a new paradigm for research on how Baduanjin affects emotional regulation.

Методика учебных занятий по силовому фитнесу в элективных дисциплинах по физической культуре и спорту

The article describes the original teaching methodology for the elective course “Strength Fitness” at the Presidential Academy. It has been determined that in the educational process it is desirable to teach students squats with a barbell on their shoulders, bench press on a horizontal bench, and deadlifts. The educational process during the semester has a 3-stage sequence of content of training sessions with students in the gym, i.e. preparatory, teaching, evaluating. The methodology of strength fitness training sessions will be effective if the recommendations are followed: the lesson aim is general physical training; strict planning by the teacher of students’ physical activity; exclusion of training principles for muscle hypertrophy; constant monitoring of the current physical condition of students, etc. The developed teaching methodology for the elective course “Strength Fitness” presented by the authors was practically tested in the educational process. The introduction of methodology for training sessions on strength fitness exercises will allow students to increase their motivational orientation to classes, increase their involvement in the process of developing strength qualities, and allow the teacher to purposefully plan the content of the subject.

Associations Between Grip Strength and Cerebral Hemodynamics in Young and Middle-Aged Adults

Aerobic fitness and aerobic exercise are widely accepted as having protective effects on cognitive function and brain health, with less understood regarding muscular fitness and resistance exercise. Strength is beneficially associated with cognitive function, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain understudied and may relate to cerebral hemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between strength and cerebrovascular hemodynamics in young and middle-aged men and women. It was hypothesized that greater strength would be associated with better cerebral hemodynamics (greater mean blood velocity, lower pulsatility, greater pulsatile damping). Ninety-two generally healthy adults between 18-64 years old (36±16 yrs; BMI 25.9±4.0 kg/m2; n=39 women) underwent a hand grip strength assessment and resting cerebrovascular measures. Grip strength was measured via dynamometer and recorded as the highest value of 3 attempts. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean velocity and pulsatility index (PI) were measured via transcranial Doppler. Pulsatile damping was calculated as the ratio between the common carotid artery and MCA PI. Mean arterial pressure was assessed via an oscillometric blood pressure cuff. No significant associations were observed between relative grip strength and MCA mean velocity (r=-0.15), MCA PI (r=0.05), or MAP (r=0.07) after adjusting for age. Greater relative grip strength, however, was associated with greater pulsatile damping after adjusting for age (r=0.21; p&lt;0.05). This relationship appeared to be driven by weak associations within each sex (men, r=0.10; women, r=0.02) that were not statistically significant on their own. Our preliminary results suggest there are no strong relations between grip strength and cerebral hemodynamics among generally healthy young and middle-aged adults after accounting for the effects of age and sex. Future studies should examine sex-specific associations with a larger sample, consider disease states related to cerebrovascular health, and include more comprehensive assessments of muscular strength and performance (e.g., power). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent frailty management program “Say No To Frailty” in Singapore: A cluster-randomized controlled trial protocol

BackgroundA 12-week multicomponent frailty management program - Say No To Frailty (SNTF) consisting of interactive talks and fitness exercises led by a trained program leader has shown feasibility and positive health outcomes in community-living older adults with frailty and pre-frailty in Singapore. This study aims to evaluate the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of SNTF on physical functions, self-confidence, community participation, quality of life and fall reduction in the local community setting. MethodsThis study will use the cluster-randomization method to randomly allocate 12 participating centres into three arms. Centres under two intervention arms will conduct the same SNTF program but led by a program leader with different training backgrounds (an Allied Health Professional (AHP) v.s. a non-AHP), whereas centres under the control arm will continue their usual care without an additional intervention. Eligible participants at each participating centre will be recruited via the convenience sampling method in the community setting. Primary outcome measure (frailty level) and secondary outcome measures (e.g., physical functions, self-confidence, community participation, quality of life) will be conducted by the blinded assessors at baseline, immediate, 3 months and 9 months post-intervention. Fall data will be collected during the one-year study period. Outcomes between and within groups will be compared and analysed using STATA to evaluate the clinical effectiveness. Program costs and relevant healthcare costs during the follow-up phase will be recorded for cost-effectiveness analysis. ConclusionThis study will provide significant insights into conducting SNTF for Singapore community-living older adults with frailty and pre-frailty on clinical- and cost-effectiveness.Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621001673831.

Pelvic floor muscle training in female functional fitness exercisers: an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common among females during functional fitness training, such as CrossFit. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pelvic floor muscle training...

Deep multimodal spatio-temporal Harris Hawk Optimized Pose Recognition framework for self-learning fitness exercises

Human pose recognition from videotapes has become an emerging research topic for tracking human movements. The objective of this work is to develop a deep multimodal Spatio-Temporal Harris Hawk Optimized Pose Recognition (STHHO-PR) framework for self-learning fitness exercises. The presented STHHO-PR framework uses audio modality and visual modality to classify the different poses. In audio modality, the VGG-16 network paradigm is used to extract the audio traits for fitness pose recognition. In visual modality, Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) along with the Minimum Cross Entropy (MCE) method is employed to find out the optimum threshold values for body parts segmentation. These segmented body parts highlight the human joint points that are connected through the skeletonization process to extract the skeletal information. The extracted spatio-temporal features from audio modality and visual modality are optimally fused and used in the classification process. Weighted Majority Voting Ensemble (WMVE) classifier is adopted to build the classification model. This work is experimented with yoga videos acquired from publicly available datasets. The results show that the presented STHHO-PR framework outperforms other state-of-art procedures in terms of prediction accuracy.

The Impact of a 12-Week Aqua Fitness Program on the Physical Fitness of Women over 60 Years of Age.

This study aimed to assess the impact of a 12-week Aqua Fitness program on the physical fitness of older women and emphasize sustainable health practices for aging populations. We focused on evaluating the program's effectiveness, using the Senior Fitness Test to measure improvements in physical capabilities. An experimental research design was implemented, with 30 participants aged 60 and older. The participants were divided into a control group and an experimental group, each comprising 15 individuals. The control group received aqua Fitness exercises, and the experimental group received aqua fitness exercises and isometric (combined) exercises. Lower limb muscle strength, upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility, dynamic balance, agility, and endurance were assessed using the Senior Fitness Test. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-training. For a comparison within the group, combined exercises (aqua fitness and isometric exercises) had a significant effect on lower limb muscle strength, upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility on the right side, dynamic balance, agility, and endurance. Aqua fitness exercises alone showed significant effects on upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, and endurance and no significant effects on other variables. For the comparison between groups, no significant differences were found between the effects of aqua fitness exercises and combined exercises on lower limb muscle strength, upper limb muscle strength, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility, and endurance. Significant differences were found only in dynamic balance and agility between the two groups of aqua fitness and combined exercises. Although the combined program (aqua fitness and isometric exercises) had a greater effect on improving the physical fitness of older adults than aqua fitness alone, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, the results of this study highlight the potential of aqua fitness in promoting sustainable health and physical fitness in the older adult population.

Customizable and scalable manufacture of aesthetic ionic conductive silk yarns for e-textile devices

Electronic textiles (e-textiles), which combine the comfort of textiles with the functionality of soft electronics, have attracted much attention in wearable applications. However, scale-up fabrication of stretchable textiles with concurrent high stability and aesthetic appeal features poses significant challenges. Here, we report a scalable and customizable dip-coating strategy for the preparation of multiple-colored and functionally stable ionic conductive silk yarns (i-SY) and demonstrate their effectiveness in exercise posture correction. The i-SY preserves the inherent properties of silk fibers and ionic liquids, exhibiting improved mechanical properties, weaving capabilities, flame retardancy, and electrical conductivity. The method leverages the exceptional transparency of ionic liquids, facilitating the large-scale production of colored i-SYs to meet aesthetic demands. Additionally, the i-SY sensor exhibits exemplary sensing sensitivity and stability, enabling the real-time monitoring of human joint movements and facilitating precise posture correction during fitness exercises. We envision that the proposed sensing textile holds promise for applications in wearable devices, healthcare monitoring, and human–machine interfaces.

Improving the educational process of physical education at primary school using fitness technologies

The research paper discusses the peculiarities of the educational process in elementary school during physical education lessons. It was found that the development of physical qualities of 8-9 years-old schoolchildren depends on the complex influence on them through the use of various fitness-technologies.&#x0D; The purpose of the work is to improve the educational process of physical education based on the development and implementation of fitness technologies in elementary school.&#x0D; Research results. Our work showed the search of optimal ways of improving the physical qualities of younger schoolchildren in the educational process of physical education. The pedagogical experiment showed that the fitness-complexes reliably affect at the physical qualities of 8-9-year-old schoolchildren during physical education lessons using fitness equipment (Р˂0.05). In the experimental group, the result in the speed running (30 m) improved by 0.5 s for boys and 0.4 s for girls at the end of the experiment. The result improved by 0.7s for boys and by 0.6s for girls during the control exercise – running 4x9m. The result of the incline indicated an improvement of 0.65 cm for boys and 1.6 cm for girls during the use of fitness equipment.&#x0D; Due to the improvement of the result during the control exercise – wring in 1 minute (quantity) – after the experiment in the experimental group, the result increased in 5 times for boys, and in 4 times for girls. Comparative results of the test exercise – long jump is following: the results show that after the experiment in the experimental group: the result improved for boys for 7 cm, for girls for 4 cm. So, we see an improvement in the results of all control exercises that determine physical qualities of elementary school students, which indicates the effectiveness of the chosen methodology.&#x0D; The scientific originality of the work lies in the systematization of fitness-exercises which help to develop all physical qualities at primary school in the process of physical education.&#x0D; The practical value lies in the development of complexes of fitness exercises, the system of their use which help to increase the physical qualities of young schoolchildren in the process of physical education.

The Influence of Learning Models on Students' Floor Exercise Learning Outcomes and Body Fitness

Physical Education, Sports and Health are important components of overall education. The goal is to develop various aspects of the individual, including physical fitness, motor skills, critical thinking skills, social skills, argumentative skills, emotional stability, moral integrity, healthy lifestyles, and awareness of the importance of a clean environment. Learning gymnastics is one of the physical education materials for sports and health that experiences many obstacles. Not yet optimal and very limited facilities and infrastructure are the causes of less effective physical education learning, especially floor exercise. Gymnastics is one of the PJOK materials that must be provided in schools, especially elementary schools. Currently, many types of exercise have emerged, such as morning exercise, physical fitness exercise, and other educational exercises, each exercise has its own movement characteristics. Learning gymnastics for elementary school children is a tool to achieve comprehensive development which includes mental, physical, social and emotional. Gymnastics learning, especially artistic gymnastics, is the material in PJOK learning that faces the most obstacles, including facilities and infrastructure for learning purposes which are expensive, the risk of injury is quite high, and is considered scary for the majority of students, therefore as a teacher you must try to make learning The gymnastics is packaged in an interesting way so that students will like it and so that students are no longer afraid of taking part in gymnastics lessons.

THE EFFECT OF FITNESS TRAINING ON THE MOTION PREPAREDNESS OF WOMEN 23-33 YEARS OLD

Modern fitness programs require a special individual load as an optimal health-promoting preventive effect of physical activity. At the same time, the interaction of training effects from loads that differ in their nature can be negative. In this connection, a problem arises when an individual wants to develop several different physical qualities as much as possible at the same time. The research objective: to substantiate the effectiveness of fitness exercises on the motor readiness of women aged 23-33. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. 40 women aged 23-33, average age 28±1.3 years, took part in the study. The discussed issues of systematic fitness exerciseses contribute not only to increasing the level of muscle training and improving the condition of the cardiovascular system, but also help to gain confidence in one's own strength, improve the emotional background, and also gain good physical shape. In the training process, strength abilities, flexibility, and endurance were improved; the performance of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems increased. An effective training combination was considered to be two aerobic trainings and two statodynamic trainings per week. The duration of aerobic training should be 30-45 minutes, provided that ones are held on different days. A comfortable and effective training regimen that takes place on the threshold of comfort is when women feel the load, but at the same time breathe deeply through the nose and without shortness of breath. Fitness training can improve: health and mental state (minimize the risk of many diseases, increase the level of work capacity and activity); physical abilities (increase endurance, strength, flexibility) of women aged 23-33.

Daoyin therapy in chronic neck pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDaoyin therapy (DT), an ancient therapeutic approach with a history spanning thousands of years, has traditionally been employed to address musculoskeletal pain and psychosomatic disorders. However, the application of DT for chronic neck pain (CNP) has received limited attention in the existing literature, and systematic randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in this context remain scarce. This manuscript outlines an RCT protocol designed to investigate whether DT is more effective at alleviating CNP in adult individuals compared to other interventions.MethodsA 12-week RCT was conducted, with participants undergoing randomization into one of three groups: DT, Meditation + Fitness Exercise (M+FE), or a control group. Participants in the DT and M + FE groups attended their respective training classes three times per week for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group were required to attend health education workshops every 2 weeks. Following the 12-week intervention period, all participants underwent follow-up assessments at the 16th week. Outcome measures encompassed the Simplified Chinese Neck Pain and Disability Scale (SC-NPAD) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain assessment, Static Neck Posture Assessment (SNPA) to evaluate neck and shoulder posture and function, Short Form-36 (SF-36) to assess quality of life, and blood tests measuring 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Norepinephrine/Noradrenaline (NE/NA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Adreno-Cortico-Tropic-Hormone (ACTH), β-Endorphin (β-EP), and Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) levels via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Brain activity changes were monitored through MRI scans. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) will be used to evaluate the outcomes at baseline, at the 12th week, and at the 16th week. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models will be applied to analyze changes in outcomes over time and differences between groups.DiscussionThis trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of DT in comparison to other interventions and explore the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying its effects in adults with CNP. If the intervention and procedures demonstrate feasibility and acceptability, there are plans to conduct a more extensive controlled trial. This could potentially pave the way for the broader application of DT, not only in the context of CNP but also for other chronic diseases.Trial registrationThis trial has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration ID: [ChiCTR2400079571]).

Evaluating the Educational Experience of Physiotherapy Students Using the Fitness and Mobility Exercise (FAME) Programme to Learn about Neurological Conditions: An Exploratory Study.

Group exercise has the potential to be a cost-effective way to improve functional outcomes for those living with neurological injury. Leading group exercise is a foundational competency for entry-to-practice for physiotherapy students. The overall objective of this study was to examine the student experience of using the Fitness and Mobility Exercise (FAME) programme to learn about neurological conditions in a group setting. Sixteen physiotherapy students filled out a single point in time survey at the end of their placement during which they had the opportunity to use FAME with their clients twice a week. The survey had Likert and open-ended questions and demographic information. Likert responses were calculated as means. Open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic analysis. The Likert questions were answered with almost entirely positive results. The main themes from the open-ended questions were how to personalize the class, characteristics of individual clients shape the class experience and factors that make the class successful. Overall, the physiotherapy students found using FAME to be a positive experience. From the student perspective, using FAME during placement was an effective way to learn about neurological conditions as well as to develop skills to manage a group exercise class.

The Moderating Role of Gender in the Effects of an Exercise and Nutrition Intervention Module on Body Composition and Fitness Profiles Among Obese College Students

Introduction: This study explores how gender and body composition moderate the effects of an exercise and nutrition intervention module on body composition and fitness profiles in obese college students in China, addressing a growing health concern. Problem Statements: Obesity is on the rise among Chinese college students, necessitating effective intervention strategies. However, the impact of such interventions may vary based on gender and body composition, a knowledge gaps this study aims to fill. Methodology/Study Design: Quantitative research involved 337 college students from the Modern College of Humanities and Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China. Scales were used to assess fitness profiles, body image, exercise, nutrition intervention, and demographics. Data analysis utilised Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Results/Findings: The exercise and diet intervention significantly improved body image and fitness profiles among obese college students. Notably, gender and body composition played crucial roles in moderating the intervention's effects on body image. Female participants experienced more substantial improvements in body image compared to males, with body composition also influencing the exercise-body image relationship. Implication/Significance: These findings have theoretical and practical implications. They enhance our understanding of exercise and diet interventions in reshaping body image and fitness profiles among obese college students. Importantly, they highlight the need for personalised interventions, considering gender and body composition. Policymakers and healthcare providers can use these insights to develop more effective programmes, to address the obesity issue among college students in China.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 4 October 2023 / Accepted: 19 January 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Video-Based Instruction in Pathfit 1: Does Muscle Fitness

This research evaluated video-based instruction in PATHFIT 1 and muscle fitness in the University of Cebu Main Campus for the Academic Year 2021-2022 to propose enhancement of the video-based instructional material. The respondents were 70 students in two sections of PATHFIT 1. The study investigated students' performance using Video-Based Material in teaching muscular fitness exercises, their perceived level of encountered problems, and whether there is a significant difference between students’ performance using video-based instructional material and traditional teaching material. The findings showed that the students’ performance who use the video-based material enhances the students’ performance. The acceptability level of the video-based instructional material revealed that students strongly agreed on learning processes. However, there is no significant relationship between the variables. Thus, it is recommended that the enhanced Video-Based Instructional Material in Teaching Muscle Fitness Exercises be implemented in the school, especially in teaching exercises in PATHFIT 1.

Development Program of Basic Physical Movement Skills for Early Childhood in Guangzhou City, China

Background and Aim: The data highlights the persistent issue of high obesity rates among young children, aged 3-6, despite economic development and improved living standards. The overall physical fitness of children in this age group is deemed suboptimal, impacting their health, learning efficiency, and social adaptability. Recognizing early childhood as a critical phase for physical and mental development, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council emphasize the importance of physical education in the compulsory education stage. The recommended teaching model involves imparting health knowledge and basic motor skills, with an evolving focus on specialized motor skills. The study aims to investigate means and curriculum arrangements for physical fitness and skill exercises, intervening in basic motor skills to promote a holistic approach to physical and mental development in young children, ultimately contributing to the sustainable advancement of physical education. Materials and Methods: In this paper, using the methods of literature review, experimental method, expert interview method, observation method, and questionnaire survey method, an eight-week intervention experiment was carried out on 30, 5-6-year-old children, and the classroom teaching content was arranged in the way of physical fitness and basic motor skills integration. Results: The results of the two-month intervention experiment were as follows: the development of physical fitness and basic motor skills was better than that of the pre-intervention experiment; in terms of physical fitness: boys improved better than girls in standing long jump, 10-metre run, and throwing a tennis ball; girls improved better than boys in flexibility; and the development of coordination and balance was comparable between boys and girls. Regarding basic motor skills: boys outperformed girls in mobility skills; girls outperformed boys in biomechanical skills. Conclusion: In conclusion, the two-month intervention experiment exhibited positive overall outcomes in physical fitness and basic motor skills development, with distinct gender-specific variations. Boys showed superior progress in activities emphasizing strength and speed, while girls excelled in flexibility. Coordination and balance improvements were comparable between genders. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored approaches in physical education interventions to address diverse aspects of children's development.

Consensus statement of Chinese experts on exercise prescription (2023)

Exercise prescriptions play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. A consensus regarding exercise prescription is important for physical health. The “Consensus statement of Chinese experts on exercise prescription” (hereinafter referred to as “Expert Consensus”) divides exercise prescription into two categories: fitness exercise prescription and medical exercise prescription. Traditional Chinese fitness exercises, exercise risk, exercise prescription, and basic precautions for exercise prescription are explained.

Two Repetitions May Be Enough! Reliability of Movement Timing in Physical Fitness Exercises Performed by Young, Trained Adults Using Inertial Sensors

This study aimed to determine the minimum number of repetitions for a high reliability of movement timing in fundamental physical fitness exercises using inertial sensors. Fifteen young men and fifteen women performed eight exercises (two-leg hop, forward lunge, squat, sit-up, shoulder abduction, hip abduction, back extension, and push-up) (preferred tempo, 3 trials, 20 repetitions per trial). The movement timing (cycle of movement in seconds and its phases in seconds and %tcycle) was tested for intra- and inter-trial reliability (SPSS 28.0, p ≤ 0.05). Just two repetitions were adequate for excellent intra- and inter-trial relative reliability (ICCs ≥ 0.75, isolated exceptions only for durations expressed as %tcycle, in only three out of the eight exercises: hip abduction, back extension, and push-up), as well as for high absolute intra- and inter-trial reliability (average SEM% at 5.9%, respectively, and 6.8% and average MDC95% at 13.7% and 15.9%, respectively, which was consistently higher than the upper boundary limit of SEM%, and a rather low CV% ranging from 1.5% to 4.9% and averaging at 3.1%). A total of four repetitions, excluding the initial and the final one, appears adequate for high overall reliability of movement timing in the eight physical fitness exercises examined.