Exegetical Analysis Research Articles

Power and Decision Making in the Early Church

Abstract In this article, there is the intersection of biblical principles into the teaching and learning of organizational behavior. It examined the crisis in the early Church, as told in the Luke account of Acts of the Apostles Chapter six, and how the leaders decided to resolve the conflict. The exegetical analysis method revealed the lessons learned from the apostolic leaders’ decision-making strategy and the power play in their leadership style. The results included the need for decision making for conflict resolution, decision and empowerment, power distance advantage, and power-sharing advantage in the early Church. The decision-making style for resolving the conflict in the Church was then recommended for contemporary church leaders, in teaching organizational leadership behavior in Christian schools, and in practice in other organizations. The study results suggest that the Bible is a rich source of data for teaching organizational behavior. Keywords: Low-power distance, conflict resolution, decision making, church, power-sharing.

A Dominação Carismática em Regimes Democráticos

O artigo busca analisar a possibilidade de conciliar o conceito weberiano de dominação carismática com as democracias contemporâneas e com líderes que não rompem com as normas institucionais. A partir da análise exegética de Weber, chegamos a uma definição de dominação carismática que se baseia primordialmente na relação afetiva dos seguidores com o líder em razão de seu caráter extraordinário. Contestando outras interpretações, argumentamos que essa definição é compatível com líderes democráticos sem perder a eficiência de sua aplicação a casos subversivos. Finalmente, para além de Weber, apresentamos algumas possíveis aplicações do conceito a partir de três elementos ideais-típicos: intensidade, difusão e direção do carisma. Esse modelo pode incluir carismas autoritários e antiautoritários e explicar o comportamento dos seguidores em medidas que envolvam os líderes.

Translations of Stylistic Variations in the Noble Qur’an into English: Stylistic and Exegetical Perspectives

ABSTRACT Stylistic variation is one of the prominent features of Qur’anic discourse, which deals with similar linguistic elements but varies stylistically and semantically. Translation of stylistic variations creates insurmountable challenges during comprehension and rendition into the target language, although they do not receive due attention in translation studies. To bridge this gap, the stylistic variations in seven prominent translations of the Noble Qur’an (Al-Hilali and Khan, 1996; Ali, 1934; Arberry, 1955; Pickthall, 1930; Sahih International, 1997; Sarwar, 1981; Shakir, 1999) that are taken from The Qur’anic Arabic Corpus are studied. Integrated exegetical and stylistic analyses of translations of stylistic variations are employed, highlighting many Qur’anic stylistic challenges. Findings revealed deviant translations and translation loss in some of the data, untranslatability of stylistic features and the relative possibility of rendering the meanings of untranslatable features into English. The implication of the results of stylistic variation has been discussed.

열왕기하 23:8-9의 편집사 연구와 번역 제안

2 Kings 23:8-9 reflects the peculiarity of King Josiah’s reform intensively around the themes of elimination of high places and cult centralization.BR In this study, the writer traces the redactional history of 2 Kings 23:8-9 through etymological, lexical, and exegetic analysis, and tries to suggest a new translation to solve the discrepancies between this text and the law code of Deuteronomy.BR Through this study, the writer reveals that the basic layer of this passage is 2 Kings 23:8aα (ויבא אח־כל־הכהנים מערי יהורה) which is related with cult centralization. This is the Deuteronomic redactional layer in King Josiah’s reign. To this basic layer, v. 8aβγ (ויטמא אח־הבמוח אשׁך קטךו־ שׁמה הכהנים) was added. This exilic Deuteronomic redaction emphasized the defilement of local high places where the priests had offered sacrifices and which were rebuilt in exilic period. The final redactional insertion in this passage is v. 8aδ, v. 8bαβ, v. 9ab, which are the post-exilic Deuteronomic redactional layer. The expression from Geba to Beer-sheba in v. 8aδ, the wSUPe/SUPqatal form of נחץ and השׁערים in 8bα, טזבח יהוה ,כהני הבמוח ,עלה אל־מזבח in 9a and אחיהם in 9b leads us to assume v. 9 as post-exilic Deuteronomic redaction.BR The writer suggests to translate השׁערים in v. 8bα into hirsute rainstorm god and כי אם in v. 9b into unless, which solves the discordance between this text and the Deuteronomic code.

FRANTZ FANON E AS MÁSCARAS BRANCAS DA SAÚDE MENTAL: SUBSÍDIOS PARA UMA ABORDAGEM PSICOSSOCIAL

This article presents some contributions by the psychiatrist, philosopher and anti-colonial activist Frantz Fanon to the field of mental health. The study is guided by an exegetical analysis of his first book Black skin, white masks that sought to identify some key categories for the understanding of his theoretical proposition where the sociogenesis and colonial alienation stand out. The presentation of the results will be discussed based on the author's clinical trajectory and the dialogue with the critical fortune specialized in his thinking. We have argued throughout the article that these categories show the centrality of social aspects of psychological suffering, in which racism stands out. In the end, we used this theoretical framework to raise some questions about the presence (or absence) of the theme Racism in the mental health agenda and in the so-called Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS).

Ecofeminist manifestos: Resources for feminist perspectives on the environment

We walk on new terrain by treating feminist manifestos as original sources worthy of the kind of careful exegetical analysis political theorists generally bring to original political texts, and we read them in light of one another on the topic of environmentalism. These group-authored documents develop and argue for a distinctive feminist approach to the environment. They offer their views as expert testimony, knowledge grounded in material experiences in particular places and communities. The manifestos effectively broaden environmentalism by insisting that understandings of the problems and development of solutions recognize the expertise of Indigenous women and peasant food producers, hear the stories of those experiencing the worst effects of environmental degradation, and build on those who are already developing adaptive measures.

Is 59,15b-21: a vinda de um redentor

Nos estudos sobre a raiz G’L, que pode ser traduzida por “resgatar” ou “manchar”, “contaminar”, mormente é aprofundada no Dêutero-Isaías, porém ocorre também no Trito-Isaías. Este artigo tem a intenção de analisar exegeticamente Is 59,15b-21, por meio do Método Histórico-Crítico-Literário, por ser um texto do Trito-Isaías, por descrever Deus como o “resgatador do sangue” do seu povo, como um guerreiro, cujo braço poderoso trará a justiça, e pela promessa de enviar um redentor para resgatar o povo e estabelecer uma nova Aliança, porém antes haverá destruição e calamidade. Essas intervenções divinas são consequência da falta de uma mediação que possa exercer o direito e a justiça (cf. Is 59,1-15a).

Piety and devotion before God in pastoral counselling work relating to the persons touched by crime

The article focuses on an exegetical analysis of the piety and devotion before God as the main personal qualities of a pastoral counsellor. They are revealed as the basis for making a unity with God while performing the activities of a pastoral counsellor. The article deals with the importance of the piety before God in the development of respectful relationships with peers. The understanding of a new creature in Christ is linked with the ability to build a mutual dedicated relationship between pastoral counsellors and persons under their care. Charity is seen as a service to the least brothers, concluding that in the New Testament everything related to the words poverty and suffering reveals the presence of the Kingdom of God on earth, as well as the fact that any person in our lives can become the least brother of Jesus.
 
 Keywords: Piety and devotion before God, pastoral counselling.

Parametric exergetic and energetic analysis of a novel modified organic rankine cycle with ejector

A modified organic Rankine cycle with two turbines and an ejector is presented. Energy and exegetic analysis based on the energy and mass principles is conducted, and a cycle simulation is carried out using Ebsilon Professional and Engineering Equation Solver Software. A parametric study of the effect of the turbines' exit pressure on the cycle performance is investigated, and the system parameters are optimized. The system total exergy destruction was found to be less by 20.5%, and the exergetic efficiency was higher by 28.2% in the proposed cycle when compared to those of the organic Rankine cycle with ejector. In addition, the minimum cycle destruction ratio of exergy with the highest exergy efficiency of 54.9% occurred at an exit pressure value of 2.3 bar of the 2nd turbine. In addition, a decrease of 23.8% in the 1st turbine's exit pressure would increase the power output by 14.4%, 13.3%, and 12.5% for the exit pressure values of 1.9, 2.1, and 2.3 bar, respectively. The system's thermal efficiency increased with decreasing the 1st turbine's exit pressure.

The Hebrew Bible and Environmental Ethics: Humans, Nonhumans, and the Living Landscape

The Hebrew Bible and Environmental Ethics: Humans, Nonhumans, and the Living Landscape

تفسير سورة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: دراسة مقارنة بين الطبري وابن أبي حاتم الرازي

Since its emergence, the interpretation of the Quran had encountered complex phases throughout the history of Islamic literature. The Quran had been interpreted with various methods and tafsir bi al-ma’thur (traditional exegesis) and tafsir bi al-ra’y (reason-based exegesis) are among the famous approaches in Quranic exegesis. However, there is one method of interpretation referred to as tafsir muqaranah (comparative exegesis) which is a comparative-contrastive exegetical analysis in which the mufassir (exegete) compares and contrasts between verses with verses or verses with hadith or by various opinion or views of exegetes on an exegetical issue symbolized by a given verse. This method or approach is rarely given an exposure despite being a method formulated and utilized by the early exegetes of formative phase such as al-Tabari and Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the definition of comparative exegesis and depicting the similarities and differences of the interpretation of al-Tabari and Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi in selected verses from surah Muhammad (peace be upon Him). It also aims to examine how these differences could be interacted and related to each other and to wider context of the arrival at conclusive interpretation. Data for this study was obtained through the literature review methodology as well as an analysis based on inductive and deductive methods. The paper concludes by saying that there are similarities in both methodologies of al-Tabari and Ibn Abi Hatim particularly in interpreting a verse through al-ma’thur technique. Yet the differences among them could be identified by distinct terminological usage of a word in the same verse. While the establishment of tarjih (preponderance) or selecting among differing opinions could be found in conflicting issue of surah Muhammad verses in order to get the best conclusion of the interpretation.

The threat of the intuition-shaped hole

ABSTRACT The assumption that philosophers rely on intuitions to justify their philosophical positions has recently come under substantial criticism. In order to protect philosophy from experimental findings that suggest that intuitions are epistemically problematic, a number of metaphilosophers have argued that intuitions play no substantial epistemic role in philosophy. This paper focuses on attempts to deny intuitions’ epistemic role through exegetical analysis of original thought experiments. Using Deutsch’s particularly well-developed exegesis of Gettier’s 10 coin case as an exemplar of this method, I examine the challenges the strategy faces. I argue that intuition denial fails to provide a satisfactory account of how verdicts of thought experiments are justified. Instead, it commits intuition deniers to the conclusion that the arguments of Gettier, Kripke, Thomson, and others are bad arguments. As a result, rather than defusing challenges to the case method raised by experimental philosophers, intuition denial ultimately leads to the same troubling conclusion – that philosophers hold their positions on bad grounds.

Ideowy i teologiczny podtekst misji „wodza zastępów JHWH” w Joz 5,13-15

Scholars differently define the final editors of the Book of Joshua identifying them most often with unspecified deuteronomistic circles. A literary and exegetical analysis of Josh 5:13-15 and its immediate context suggests that this text and other texts of the book bear the stamp of the post-deuteronomistic (priestly) elaboration, which should be associated with the hexateuchal edition of the Hebrew Bible. It is assumed that the following issues were an important goal of this final ideological and theological reinterpretation of the earlier version of the Josh 5:13-15 and entire book: 1) to show the thematic and theological connection between the Pentateuch and the Former Prophets: the Book of Joshua echoes the theme of fulfilment of God’s promises (cf. Joshua 5:13-15 and Exodus 23:20-23); 2) to strengthen the historical and theological reliability of the biblical traditions of the conquest of Canaan by drawing inspiration from the ancient Near Eastern military literature and royal propaganda (cf. Joshua 5:13-15; 10:40-43; 11:1˗21,42); 3) to strengthen the mission and figure of the leader in Israel by showing that he has direct access to God, gives him righteous worship, fulfills divine will, fights courageously the enemy and enjoys God's constant and effective support in military endeavors (cf. Joshua 1:1-18; 5:2-9.14-15; 6,2-14).

Resurrecting Leather-Stocking: Pathfinding in Jacksonian America

Resurrecting Leather-Stocking: Pathfinding in Jacksonian America

Die Bedeutung des Ausdrucks „am Tag ..." in Genesis 2,4 im Rahmen des Pentateuch

The interpretation of bəjom in Gen 2:4 as “when” in the sense of an unspecific period of time has often been used as an argument to defend an allegorical or figurative interpretation of the days of creation. A comparison with parallel grammatical constructions throughout the Pentateuch casts severe doubts on that idea, which are confirmed by a closer exegetical analysis of bəjom in Gen 2:4b in its individual literary contexts (Gen 2:4a, 1:1, 2:5-3:24, especially the parallel narrative sequence following 5:1-2). Without “Systemzwang,” all arguments point to the natural understanding of bəjom in Gen 2:4 as “in the day,” referring to a specific day, the first day of creation. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2020/v33n1a6

Major Prophets

Major Prophets Christopher T. Begg, John M. Halligan, Michael W. Duggan, and William J. Urbrock 2257. [Prophets; Shamans] Martti Nissinen, "Why Prophets Are (Not) Shamans," VT 70 (2020) 124-39. This article explores the interface of prophecy and shamanhood from the point of view of intermediation, divination, and magic, performance and cosmology, gender and social status. The most significant feature in common between prophets and shamans is the role of an intermediary and the superhuman authority ascribed to their activity. Other similarities include performances carried out in an altered state of consciousness, gender-inclusiveness, as well as certain ritual roles and forms of social recognition. Whereas the actions of the prophets rarely go beyond the transmission of the divine word, the shaman's activity [End Page 812] is more strongly oriented toward ritual efficacy. In addition, the cosmological explanation of prophetic and shamanistic performance is different, and the transgendered roles assumed by shamans appear stronger. The social status of the two groups differs according to the different community structures within which they operate as these are reflected in the available source materials. Finally, N. argues that, even though the conceptual difference between prophets and shamans should be maintained, there is a marked interface between the two categories. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] 2258. [Isaiah; Pentateuch] JiSeong James Kwon, "Re-examining the Torah in the Book of Isaiah," RB 126 (2019) 547-64. Scholars have argued that the author(s) of the Book of Isaiah intentionally employs the Mosaic Torah (Pentateuch) and in some cases exegetes it in his/their own context. E.g., it has been argued that the author(s) of such passages as Isa 1:10-17; 2:2-4; and 56:1-8 either support or repudiate specific texts of the Mosaic Torah. When, however, one takes into account intertextual links between Isaiah and the rest of the Hebrew Bible, various difficulties with this thesis arise. In this paper, I examine particular Isaianic texts that have been related to the Mosaic Torah and argue that each of the passages in question understands the instructions and laws to which it alludes in relation to its specific theological concerns, and probably does not intend to refer to any part of the Pentateuch in so doing. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] 2259. [Isa 11:1-9] Omar João da Silva, "Os símbolos de uma utopia paradisíaca em Is 11,1-9 [The Symbols of a Paradisical Utopia in Isa 11:1-9]," EstBíb 35 (2018) 301-15. This study offers an exegetical analysis of one of the most emblematic and fascinating texts of the Bible, i.e. Isa 11:1-9. In his presentation of the text, d. S. highlights its message as a source of inspiration for the struggle against those who oppress, subordinate, enslave, and arbitrarily and unscrupulously dominate over the weak, the poor, the under-privileged and the less favored. The text provides such inspiration by holding out hope and aspiration for a better future of justice, righteousness, equity, security, and peace. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] 2260. [Isa 29:1-8] Judith Gärtner, "'Deine Fremden' oder 'Deine Vermessenen' (Jes 29,5)? Die Ineinander von Gericht und Heil im Arielwort (Jes 29,1-8)," Ein Freund des Wortes, 110-25 [see #2428]. The short passage of G.'s title raises multiple, interconnected questions: Is it a word of judgment or salvation, or rather both? Is the passage an original unity? Is the MT reading zārāyik ("your foreigners") in v. 5 to be retained or is rather the Qumranic reading zādāyik ("your insolent ones") to be preferred? With regard to the second of these questions, G. identifies vv. 1-4 (+ 6) as the Grundschicht within the current unit which, in anticipation of the Assyrian assault of 701, announces Yhwh's coming judgment on Jerusalem ("Ariel"). Vv. 5 (in which G. argues on behalf of the MT reading as cited above) and 7 represent a post-701 Fortschreibung, which, while recognizing the fact of the Assyrian withdrawal, also intimates that Yhwh's judgment...

Wydarzenia czasów ostatecznych w hymnicznych prorocstwach eschatologicznych Księgi Daniela (Dn 12,1-3) i Testamentu Mojżesza (TestMojż 10,1-10)

In the Jewish apocalyptic writings of the Second Temple Period (from 3rd cen- tury BC till 2nd century AD) – and in the latter Christian apocalypses – events of the eschatological times are presented as a sequence of the consecutive events. The ultimate salvation of the righteous and the faithful to God and the establishment of the perfect and everlasting reality (i.e. the kingdom of God) will be preceded by a period of great oppression and the activity of evil powers that would finally be defeated and annihilated by the victorious Divine intervention. This article contains the exegetical analysis of two hymnic eschatological prophecies that are found in the biblical Book of Daniel (12:1–3) and in the apocryphal Testament of Moses (10:1–10). Both hymns date back to the mid-second century BC, that is from the time of crisis which was caused by Antiochus IV Epiphanes’ persecutions of Jews. Both writings were composed in the same social milieu, namely, in the sapiential circles of the priestly origins that focused mostly on being faithful to God, on preserving the purity, and on remaining united with the community of the spiritual world of heaven.

Aztec Metaphysics—Two Interpretations of an Evanescent World

This paper contrasts two contemporary approaches to Nahua metaphysics by focusing on the stance of the Nahua tlamatinime (philosophers) regarding the nature of reality. Miguel León-Portilla and James Maffie offer the two most comprehensive interpretations of Nahua philosophy. Although León-Portilla and Maffie agree on their interpretation of teotl as the evanescent principle of Nahua metaphysics, their interpretations regarding the tlamatinime metaphysical stances diverge. Maffie argues that León-Portilla attributes to the tlamatinime a metaphysics of being according to which being means permanence and stability and thus, since earthly things are continuously changing, being cannot be predicated of them, hence earthly things are not real. I present textual support to show that León-Portilla does not read Nahua metaphysics through the lens of a metaphysics of being and thus that León-Portilla does not interpret the tlamatinime as denying the reality of earthly things. I then provide an exegetical analysis of León-Portilla’s texts to show that, in his interpretation, metaphysical concerns are intimately linked to existential questions regarding the meaning of human life. Ultimately, I argue that, in León-Portilla’s interpretation, the tlamatinime conception of art functions as poiesis, that is, as the process of aesthetic creation that gives meaning to human life.

Przesłanie obrazów sportowych zawartych w listach św. Pawła

Św. Paweł w swoich listach wielokrotnie używa obrazów sportowych, i to zarówno odnoszących się do sportu w ogólności, jak i do jego poszczególnych dyscyplin (biegi, boks, zapasy, ćwiczenia gimnastyczne). Jednak wykorzystanie tematyki sportowej nie jest dla niego celem samym w sobie, lecz ma za zadanie przekazanie adresatom konkretnych wskazówek. Przeprowadzone analizy egzegetyczne pokazują, że Apostoł Narodów porównuje życie swoje i innych chrześcijan do zmagań sportowych. Terenem tych zawodów jest droga wiary w Jezusa, na której pojawiają się liczne trudności i przeciwności. Dlatego sportowiec-chrześcijanin, chcący zdobyć nagrodę życia wiecznego, powinien się cechować m.in. wytrwałością, ascezą, praktykowaniem cnót i modlitwy, a co najważniejsze, jego zadaniem jest staranie się o jak najlepszą relację z Bogiem i wspólnotą wierzących.

El registro de tenencia de la tierra. Teoría, legislación y práctica

El objetivo general formulado es caracterizar el procedimiento de Inscripción de la tenencia de la tierra, con énfasis en las dificultades existentes en su aplicabilidad; a partir de su concepción teórica doctrinal y legislativa en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano; en vista al perfeccionamiento de la institución. Para alcanzar dicho propósito fueron empleados los métodos de investigación científica siguientes: Histórico-lógico, Análisis-síntesis, Inducción-deducción, y el Hermenéutico para el análisis exegético de las normas. Así como la técnica de revisión de documentos. En el trabajo se aportan los fundamentos teóricos doctrinales e históricos del Registro de Tenencia de la Tierra en Cuba, y se analiza críticamente su regulación en el Derecho positivo cubano así como su aplicabilidad práctica, en vistas al perfeccionamiento de esta institución. Entre los principales resultados logrados están haber caracterizado el procedimiento de inscripción de la tierra en el Registro, así como la identificación de las deficiencias que se suscitan en su aplicabilidad que limitan la seguridad jurídica que persigue todo sistema de publicidad registral inmobiliario.