Executive Authorities Research Articles

State measures to combat child homelessness and neglect in the Zhytomyr region in the mid-1950's – the first half of the 1960's

The purpose of the research is to analyze the measures of the Soviet authorities to overcome child homelessness and neglect, the functioning of orphanages on the example of the Zhytomyr region in the period from the mid-1950s to the first half of the 1960s. The methodological basis of the research is built on the analysis and synthesis, historical-statistical, and historical-comparative methods as well as the use of the principles of scientificity, objectivity and historicism in the analysis of the Soviet authorities’ policy of overcoming those negative phenomena among minors. The scientific novelty of the work is presented by a comprehensive study of the state policy on overcoming child homelessness and neglect in the Zhytomyr region of the Ukrainian SSR during the mentioned period with using new archival sources. Conclusions. Homelessness and neglect of the minors were urgent problems in the period from the mid-1950s to the first half of the 1960s both in the Zhytomyr region and Ukraine as a whole. They were gradually resolved, the authorities took appropriate measures. From the side of the relevant executive authorities, there was often a formal approach to solving the problems of child homelessness and neglect. It should be noted that this problem was organically connected with the command-administrative and bureaucratic system of the Soviet government, for which reporting and certain indicators were important but the practical solution of the children's problems was delayed. The relevant authorities’ inspections of the ways the orphanages worked revealed the financial shortcomings, problems in material support and educating which had a negative impact on the pupils in those institutions. A serious problem is proved to be the absence or lack of the parents’ attention to the upbringing of their children at that time. Moreover, the enterprises and institutions, that were supposed to contribute to the cultural and educational development of their workers’ and employees’ children, did not do that. The issues of organizing leisure time for the minors by the children and school institutions was relevant, as the problem of neglect and committing the crime by the uncontrolled minors depended directly on those solutions. The methodical assistance in working with children provided by regional libraries to village ones was insufficient and very often it was not actually carried out. Cultural centers and village clubs did not conduct educating work to children. Prospects for further research relate to the problems of neglect and juvenile delinquency in the Zhytomyr region in the 1980s.

«Suchasnost» magazine: history, traditions, innovation

The purpose of the research is to analyze the measures of the Soviet authorities to overcome child homelessness and neglect, the functioning of orphanages on the example of the Zhytomyr region in the period from the mid-1950s to the first half of the 1960s. The methodological basis of the research is built on the analysis and synthesis, historical-statistical, and historical-comparative methods as well as the use of the principles of scientificity, objectivity and historicism in the analysis of the Soviet authorities’ policy of overcoming those negative phenomena among minors. The scientific novelty of the work is presented by a comprehensive study of the state policy on overcoming child homelessness and neglect in the Zhytomyr region of the Ukrainian SSR during the mentioned period with using new archival sources. Conclusions. Homelessness and neglect of the minors were urgent problems in the period from the mid-1950s to the first half of the 1960s both in the Zhytomyr region and Ukraine as a whole. They were gradually resolved, the authorities took appropriate measures. From the side of the relevant executive authorities, there was often a formal approach to solving the problems of child homelessness and neglect. It should be noted that this problem was organically connected with the command-administrative and bureaucratic system of the Soviet government, for which reporting and certain indicators were important but the practical solution of the children's problems was delayed. The relevant authorities’ inspections of the ways the orphanages worked revealed the financial shortcomings, problems in material support and educating which had a negative impact on the pupils in those institutions. A serious problem is proved to be the absence or lack of the parents’ attention to the upbringing of their children at that time. Moreover, the enterprises and institutions, that were supposed to contribute to the cultural and educational development of their workers’ and employees’ children, did not do that. The issues of organizing leisure time for the minors by the children and school institutions was relevant, as the problem of neglect and committing the crime by the uncontrolled minors depended directly on those solutions. The methodical assistance in working with children provided by regional libraries to village ones was insufficient and very often it was not actually carried out. Cultural centers and village clubs did not conduct educating work to children. Prospects for further research relate to the problems of neglect and juvenile delinquency in the Zhytomyr region in the 1980s.

Salutogenic Design as Health Preservation Technology: Prospects for Implementation in Public Health

Introduction. The concept of salutogenic design, focused on creating a healthy environment, is based on the salutogenesis concept, developed back in the 1970s by Aaron Antonovsky. This approach is becoming increasingly popular in urban planning, development, and certification of buildings, offices, and medical fa-cilities. Due to ongoing national projects, there is an increasing demand for specialists in public health and salutogenic design in Russia, which has justified the creation of an interdisciplinary educational program. Objective. To present the implementation of the network master's program "Salutogenic Design" in the field of public health and the creation of a healthy urban environment.Materials and methods. We conducted literature review on existing practices for applying salutogenic de-sign in urban planning and described the implementation of the network master's program "Salutogenic De-sign" at the Institute of Leadership and Health Management of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) and Moscow institute of architecture (MIARCH).Results. The concept of salutogenic design is a prominent scientific and practical issue for researchers, pro-fessional community, and executive authorities worldwide, with particular interest in implementation studies of salutogenic design for designing and constructing environments, transport, medical organizations, and the urban landscape, as well as developing tools for urban environment assessment. The master's program "Salutogenic Design" is a unique educational experience that includes the development of professional skills in an interdisciplinary area of health sciences and urban planning, distinguishing it from other educational projects.

Organization of Passenger Transportation in the Ob-Irtysh Water Basin (End of XIX – Early XX Centuries)

In modern historical literature the problem of the formation and development of river companies is actively studied by historians, which allows us to trace the formation of new forms of economic relations, primarily in remote regions. But the development of entrepreneurial companies is primarily associated with customers, consumers, and potential clients. The transportation of passengers at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries, including in the Ob-Irtysh water basin, became a popular commercial service, which, in the absence of alternative transportation options, brought in good income. The purpose of this article is to show the organization and dynamics of passenger transportation in the Ob-Irtysh water basin. In preparing this work, a statistical method and a method of selective analysis of data from the reporting documentation of several river companies were used. This made it possible to identify not only categories and groups of passengers of river companies, but also to show the conditions of accommodation during transportation along the rivers of the Ob-Irtysh water basin. Although there were seven groups of passengers transported, the main customers of this service were local residents, and the most profitable client was the state. These conclusions confirm the opinion of contemporaries, as well as the conclusions of historians about the interest of all participants in the process of commodity-money relations in Western Siberia in the development of not only railway transport, but also river transport. Sources also indicate that large river transport companies sought to diversify their capital by investing it in areas that had just taken shape in the Ob-Irtysh water basin. Of interest is the organization of passenger transportation both by the company itself and under contracts with the executive authorities of local routes in the Ob North.

The Executive Authority and Public Policies in Jordan towards Local Government: Relationship and Roles, a Theoretical Study

The study aims to discuss the reality of local councils in Jordan in terms of their origin, responsibility, and repercussions on the local community. It also explains the impact of the role of the executive authority on the performance of middle administrations and reviews the impact of the electoral system on the reality of the achievements of municipal and governorate councils (decentralization and the extent to which the local administration sector in Jordan contributes to Various areas of development, thus revealing the most important challenges that still face local councils.The study is based on the main hypothesis: "There is a correlation between the role and influence of public authority in Jordan and the limited outputs of local administrations and councils in the process of sustainable development." The study used each of the analysis systems, institutional and functional approaches.Finally, the study concluded several results, the most prominent of which is the existence of a gap between public policy strategies and plans related to the roles of middle administrations and local councils and the ability to reach sustainable development in Jordan.

Law enforcement bodies of Ukraine

Based on the analysis of legal acts and different opinions of domestic legal scholars, who in their works investigated the issues of the system of law enforcement agencies of the state, determined the prospects for improving the activities of law enforcement agencies, it was established that law enforcement agencies of Ukraine occupy a central place in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensuring public security and law and order, protection and protection of the state border, protection of the interests of society and the state, and, if necessary, measures of state coercion are applied. Attention is drawn to certain debatable points related to the assignment of this or that state body to the system of law enforcement agencies. The problematic issue is that the law enforcement function, which is used in a broad sense, is used not only for law enforcement agencies, but also for other executive authorities. It was emphasized that one of the problematic issues that researchers pay attention to is the absence of a legislative definition of the system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, which leads to numerous scientific discussions, as a result of which some scientists refer to the system of law enforcement agencies as state agencies whose main task is performance of other tasks of the state, at the same time they perform only separate law enforcement works, scientists have proven that in the majority of administrative scientists operate with legislative acts, in which the legislator, based on the specifics of the law enforcement body, indicates that one or another state body is law enforcement body, at the same time there are opposing opinions. It was concluded that until the legislator resolves the issue of defining the system of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, the aforementioned will affect the ability to properly ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. In order to determine the system of law enforcement agencies of the state, it is necessary to resolve this issue at the legislative level. Specific proposals for improving the activities of law enforcement agencies are offered.

Relevant Issues of the Evaluation of Quality and Efficiency of Activities of Executive Government Authorities of Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

Relevant Issues of the Evaluation of Quality and Efficiency of Activities of Executive Government Authorities of Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

Разграничение полицейской, прокурорской и судебной функций в ходе предварительного расследования уголовного дела: общие положения

The article discusses doctrinal approaches to distinguishing police, prosecutorial and judicial functions in the pretrial stages of criminal proceedings. Each of these functions implies the implementation by public authorities of relevant powers. Depending on the nature of these powers, some of them can be delegated to other government bodies (primarily executive authorities — the police), delegation of other powers, on the contrary, is not permissible and leads to a distortion of the “system of checks and balances” in the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings.

Правоприменительная практика в области выявления объектов культурного наследия

The paper studies the arrangement of works aimed at identification of cultural heritage sites on the example of Moscow. An analysis of the regulatory framework has confirmed broad discretion of the executive authority that has powers in the sphere of protection of cultural heritage sites. The author also characterizes the line of reasoning of judicial authorities that have reviewed administrative disputes over inclusion or denial of inclusion of an object with attributes of a cultural heritage site in the list of identified cultural heritage sites.

Guiding a Russian region’s development under the moral paradigm: A case of the Republic of Crimea

Methodological and practical aspects of guiding the socio-economic development of Russia’s new regions are being actively conceptualized. The study attempts to identify the strategic avenue for governing one of Russia’s regions, namely the Republic of Crimea, in the context of moral imperatives. Methodologically, the work relies on a set of scientific concepts, such as state (regional) governance and new public management, as well as the provisions of humanistic, evolutionary, institutional and economic theories. The research methods are systematization, content analysis, analogical reasoning, and comparativeanalytical approach. The empirical evidence covers regulations and governmental programmes by the RF Government, executive authorities of the Republic of Crimea, and materials of the Simferopol and Crimea Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church for 2005–2023. The paper presents a scientific explication of the moral paradigm in the context of state (regional) governance. We have substantiated a strategic direction of Crimea’s socio-economic development based on moral principles, including: dominance of the recreation sector generating a multiplier effect for related industries in the region; transformation of the functions and structure of the Crimean economy due to the special military operation in Ukraine and the rise in the moral component; the growing importance of healthcare and tourism industries in Crimea’s economic space. The findings of the research contribute to the development of theoretical and methodological provisions of state and municipal governance.

Features of the implementation of control (supervisory) activities in the field of the technical condition of self-propelled machines and other types of equipment by the State Technical Supervision bodies of the Russian Federation

The year 2024 is a natural continuation of the reform of control (supervisory) activities, which began in 2020 in the Russian Federation. The concept of improving control (supervision) activities adopted by the Ministry of Economic Development until 2026 defined the final "philosophy" of control (supervision). It immediately became clear that the implementation of certain control (supervisory) functions is not possible without the reform of the activities of individual executive authorities performing these functions. The subject of our research is the specifics of the control (supervisory) activities of the State Technical Supervision bodies of the Russian Federation in 2024 under the conditions of the moratorium and the development of the concept of improving control (supervisory) activities until 2026. Our article aims to propose approaches that allow for the integration of supervision of self-propelled vehicles into a new reality aimed at reducing the pressure of the state, as a power machine, on economic entities. In addition, the subject of the study also includes the definition of generally applicable signs, tasks and principles of control (supervision). The definition of similarities and differences between the concepts of "control" and "supervision" does not remain without attention of the author. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the proposed ways to change the current activities of Gostekhnadzor bodies related to the implementation of control (supervision) in the field of the technical condition of self-propelled machines and other types of equipment, namely, amendments to the current legislation of the Russian Federation regulating this area. An important conclusion of the study should be the identification of the inapplicability of a risk-based approach to all types of control (supervision). In addition, we propose a structure of general requirements for the organization and supervision of self-propelled vehicles, as well as a change in the current version of Article 9.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, corresponding to new realities and allowing, within the framework of a "permanent raid", to bring to administrative responsibility drivers of self-propelled vehicles that violate mandatory requirements in the field of their technical condition.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ УРОВНЯ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The purpose of this work is to analyze the development of the manufacturing sectors of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation, taking into account regional specifications. The object of study is the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and the regions. The subject of the study is the system of indicators of the agro–industrial complex for the period 2005-2022. The information base is represented by a set of statistical indicators of the agro-industrial complex and the economy of the subjects of the Russian Federation and the state as a whole, monitored by Rosstat, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Federal Treasury, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Energy. As a result of the work performed, a system of statistical indicators was formed, the use of which is possible both in further scientific research on the topic and in the executive authorities of the regions for conducting control sections, including for making recommendations on changing the plan of the main activity.

On the possibility of public control over on-site tax audits in the Russian Federation: towards the formulation of the problem

The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibility of public control over on-site tax audits. The activities of the tax authorities in Russia directly affect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of all individuals and legal entities. The problems of organizing and implementing public control measures in relation to the specified activities of federal executive authorities are of great interest and importance, especially in terms of on-site tax audits, during which representatives of the Federal Tax Service carry out within the premises of taxpayer various actions in order to monitor compliance a taxpayer with the legislation on taxes and fees. However, public control over this type of activity of federal executive authorities is fraught with numerous problems, among which one can highlight, for example: the lack of consolidation of this institution of civil society in the Constitution of the country; the lack of detail in the process of public control in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, including in relation to on-site tax audits; the specifics of the formation of public councils under the Federal Tax Service of Russia and its territorial divisions, in which we question the independence of their members from these authorities. In addition, these problems include: the lack of elaboration of legislation, as well as educational and scientific literature of a system of specific forms, methods, principles and types of public control measures in relation to on-site tax audits; weak use of foreign experience of civil society control in relation to tax authorities, including using modern digital technology. The article develops and substantiates a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by: incorporating this institution into the country's Constitution and tax legislation; developing and implementing specific forms, methods, principles and types of public control measures in relation to on-site tax audits based on positive foreign experience in this area and using modern technologies.

Стенограммы заседаний последних сессий райсоветов Москвы как важный исторический источник по изучению конституционного кризиса власти в России в 1993 году

The purpose of the article is to study archival documents that make it possible to understand the deep causes of the confrontation between President Boris Yeltsin and the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in 1993. Namely, to analyze the conflict not at the federal, but at the municipal level, where ordinary citizens worked. This paper reveals the main ways out of the constitutional crisis of 1993, which were expressed by deputies of the district councils of Moscow. The author identifies the main causes of the conflict between the deputies of the district councils and the executive authorities formed after the collapse of the USSR in Moscow. The conducted research has shown the importance of studying the transcripts of meetings of the sessions of the district councils of Moscow in connection with the disclosure of little-known facts about the formation of local self-government bodies.

Current situation and transformation ways of housing policy in Ukraine

Housing policy is one of the urgent scientific and practical areas within legal research because it has not been updated since 1995, and actual housing relations have already received a new meaning. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the current situation and propose transformational approaches to housing policy. The study employs formal legal, statistical, and general scientific research methods, considering dialectical, synergistic, and axiological approaches. The main issue with Ukrainian housing policy is the absence of a modern concept guiding housing development and legal regulation. It is observed that the intensification of efforts to develop and adopt the principles of future state housing policy was conducted at the level of state authoritiesʼ activities. Based on the analysis of regulations in housing relations, it was determined that housing policy is part of a broader state policy – social policy. This is because it aims to meet the social interest – the need for housing. It is emphasised that housing policy is divided into national and regional housing policies. Particular attention is paid to the difficulty of restoring the destroyed housing facilities stock as a result of the war; it is suggested that a system of action be implemented to overcome the complicated situation in the housing sector. The study supports the idea of highlighting a specific area of modern housing policy in Ukraine, namely, ensuring the housing rights of vulnerable individuals, particularly those who have been forcibly evicted due to war. The study identifies specific areas of housing policy, including: the restoration of housing facilities (such as constructing new housing, compensating for destroyed housing, and conducting repair and construction works); devising an investment strategy for the housing sector; safeguarding citizensʼ housing rights; and revising housing legislation. These recommendations can be considered by the legislative and executive authorities when formulating a strategy and policy for the reconstruction of the housing stock of the state

Implementing Legislation A Priory Assertion to Rule of Law in Bangladesh

The constitution of Bangladesh contains a plethora of laws to maintain peace and security in the society through establishing the rule of law. The judiciary of the country is independent since 2007 but to some extent, the judiciary is being controlled by executive authorities. Therefore, a legislative procedure does not stop once a bill becomes law but the role of legislators comes to an end in the context of Bangladesh in many ways, although law must be put into effect or implemented by law enforcement authorities. Not surprisingly, Bangladesh has a praiseworthy legislative body and the legal system is designed by following the British legal system. But there is no such body or specific mechanism to monitor the ways of implementing legislation, the reason behind this may be administrative weakness or absence of a permanent mechanism for the same. In most cases, there is law but an absence of rule of law. The paper will endeavor to assess the procedure of enforcing and implementing legislation. In the light of the present legal system, administrative procedure, and the role of law enforcing agencies will be discussed. In the second wave, the paper will analyze the approximate reasons behind the failure of proper enforcement and implementation of laws. Finally, it will critically evaluate the needs of a particular monitoring mechanism as well as possible reformation strategies to implement legislation, their adequacy, and the role of parliament with the citizen of the country to abolish the culture of impunity to establish rule of law.

Analysis of the Formation of Government Regulations as Separation of Powers in Indonesia

Indonesia is a constitutional state where government administration is based on statutory regulations hierarchically proposed by the law as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. The authority to implement laws is translated into government and other laws and regulations. The order of laws and regulations is used as a "rule" when a government activity is to be carried out. However, in practice, there are still mechanisms for forming PPs that are inconsistent with the orders of the law. This study aims to determine the basis and mechanism for forming PP as an executive authority and the legal implications of not issuing PP by the executive. The type of research is normative juridical with a literature study approach. The analysis shows that the process of forming laws can be studied from two perspectives, namely normative juridical and sociological perspectives. The material content of laws in Indonesia is complex to determine from the power-sharing system. However, it can be determined by looking at the system for forming statutory regulations, where it has been stated that the formation of statutory regulations must be based on hierarchical law. Suppose the executive does not issue a PP as mandated by the law. In that case, it will result in not achieving the ideals of the general norms contained in the law, and harmonisation of law implementation will not be realised. Even though it is a country based on law, no government administration in Indonesia is not based on statutory regulations as its legal basis

CONCEPTUAL PREREQUISITES AND PRINCIPLES FOR CHANGING THE DESIGNATED PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL LAND OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Developing territories in accordance with the principles of sustainable land development is easier and more effective together with the people who directly use these lands, as well as executive authorities, who, with the involvement of the public, know, understand, and implement changes. For reasonable and prompt decision-making on land issues, the territorial communities must have up-to-date information support with data about all land parcels and property within the boundaries of territorial community. Industrial lands deserve special attention, because due to their rational use, it is possible to achieve an increase revenue to local budgets. Today, the state of industrial lands in Ukraine is negatively affected by the presence of a significant number of industries that require modernization, including infrastructural transformations with the provision of further balanced consideration of the ecological component of the territories' sustainability. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the principles of determining and changing the target designation of industrial lands within the territorial communities to improve their functioning and ensure their competitiveness. The development of urban planning documentation is a mandatory prerequisite for changing the purpose of industrial land of the territorial community to another purpose and vice versa. Management of the development of territories today directly depends on the planning structure and functional zoning of settlements. The changes of legal acts should have been taken effect from July 2021, but inconsistencies were found in the legislation of Ukraine, which relate to the functional zones approved by the comprehensive spatial development plan of the territory of territorial communities, within which the change of purpose must take place. Due to the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the pace of development of urban planning and land management documentation slowed down, and as a result, today there is no any approved comprehensive spatial development plan. That is, it has been 2 years since the changes came into effect, but the change of the land purpose is carried out according to the old procedure with the development of land management documentation. Taking into account the above-mentioned components, the authors identified three main prerequisites for changing the target purpose: 1. The needs of industrial enterprises in the context of modern economic challenges. Changes in technology and production practices may require adaptation of land use to ensure the efficient functioning and competitiveness of enterprises. 2. Integration of social aspects into the decision-making process. It is important to consider the impact of these changes on local communities and ensure citizen participation in the process of determining the future use of industrial land. 3. The need to settle environmental issues. The change of purpose must take into account the potential effects on the environment and natural resources. Based on the prerequisites described above, the authors developed the principles of industrial land transformation, which take into account the principles of sustainable development. By following the developed principles, stakeholders can guide the transformation of industrial land in a way that maximizes benefits, minimizes negative impacts and promotes sustainable development.

Participation of Georgian Local Authorities in the Process of Hospital Care Reforms

The article addresses power distribution issues within the context of scientific discourse and explores potential solutions to be implemented by local authorities in the realm of Hospital Care reforms in Georgia, particularly in the conditions of authority decentralization. The significance of addressing this scientific issue stems from the financial challenges faced by many communities, especially in economically depressed Georgian regions. Prior to the reform, the network of hospital facilities relied on subsidies from higher-level budgets.
 The methodological approach involves the use of desk research, secondary analysis of literary, research, and analytical sources, along with regulatory methods. The research spans from 1991 to 2022, focusing on the power of local self-governments, both their inherent powers and those delegated to them, given that almost 60% of medical services are provided at the territorial community level.
 The article presents empirical analysis results regarding the distribution of financial power in the new model of Hospital care management. It demonstrates that, fundamentally, the new model remains budget-funded, consistent with the pre-reform structure. The research empirically and theoretically supports the assertion that the overall direction of reforms has been appropriately chosen, a sentiment echoed by positive assessments from international experts.
 The findings of the research can be valuable for local authorities representing the interests of territorial communities and for local executive authorities involved in the implementation of these reforms. Additionally, the research aligns with Georgia's commitment to the path towards European integration changes.
 This process is developing very slowly in Georgia. This is a loss of opportunity to raise the standard of living of local communities.

International Liability When Violating the Headquarters of Diplomatic Missions

The development of international relations has made most countries of the world rely on diplomatic representation in all its forms as a means of communication and protection of mutual interests. The diplomatic mission is the link between the governments of the countries that are working to achieve cooperation starting from the transfer of different opinions between countries and trying to overcome the difficulties that escape the entanglement Interests. The Diplomatic Mission has given its diplomatic and diplomatic functions to the diplomatic missions a special status, with full protection, so that it can play its role quietly away from all pressures, In the State which has adopted it. This reality is found in peacetime when States have ratified the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961. In times of war, if we accept the severance of diplomatic relations because of a war between two countries exchanging diplomatic representation, States must apply the rules of international humanitarian law and consider diplomatic envoys among the civilians recognized by the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 as special protection against the enemy state, And the role and headquarters of diplomatic missions should be classified as civilian objects that should not be the target of military operations. To establish and maintain international protection for diplomatic missions and to establish mechanisms for this, namely, the establishment of international responsibility for the violation of the inviolability of the diplomatic envoy and the role of diplomatic missions, there is a tortious responsibility by the receiving State as it did not provide security for the diplomatic mission, Executive or judicial authority. The personal criminal responsibility of the President for his acts or those of his subordinates is also carried out If a serious violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 is committed.