Execution Of Procedures Research Articles

Morphological and morphometric study of pulmonary vein anatomy in relation to cardiac invasive and electrophysiological procedures.

Pulmonary veins (PVs) and their myocardial sleeves play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation. Hence, detailed knowledge of PV anatomy is required to improve the procedural success rate and prevent complications during cardiac procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PV anatomy along with anatomical variations in the Indian population. Total 100 formalin fixed cadaveric hearts were examined. The number and pattern of the PVs were observed along with the measurement of their horizontal and vertical diameters. The ovality index for each PV was calculated. Classical PV pattern was observed in 62% cases. Variant pattern like additional right middle PV pattern and left common PV pattern were found in 20% and 10% cases respectively. A separate pattern with presence of both right middle PV and left common PV was observed in 6% cases. In the classical pattern right superior PV was the largest followed by right inferior, left superior and left inferior PV. The additional right middle PV had the smallest diameter whereas the left common PV had the largest diameter. Almost all the veins had greater vertical diameters in comparison to horizontal diameters. The variant PVs were oval and had greater ovality index compared to the normal PVs. In classical pattern 54.8% hearts whereas in variant pattern 79% hearts had one or more oval PV. The given data can help clinicians for planning and execution of various interventional and electrophysiological procedures involving PVs.

Enhancing standardization through score-augmented projection-based calibration transfer

Reconstructing statistical models for novel instrumentation entails substantial time and financial investments. To obviate the necessity for such model reconstruction, standardization techniques are widely employed. In this context, we introduce a pioneering standardization method termed Score-Augmented Projection-Based Standardization (SA-PBS). Central to SA-PBS is the extraction of spectral sub-spaces containing interferents common to both the primary and secondary instruments. This extraction employs orthogonal projections as the foundational principle. Execution of the standardization procedure involves the judicious selection of a subset from the primary instrument's recorded dataset, facilitated by the Convex hull tool. This technique ensures the inclusion of independent and information-rich samples from the calibration dataset. Crucially, a subset of samples from the secondary instrument is also incorporated to ensure comprehensive coverage of interferents.Validation of the efficacy of the proposed SA-PBS method is conducted through quantitative analyses of target analytes across diverse scenarios, utilizing the Partial Least Squares method. Comparative assessments are performed against alternative standardization approaches, namely Direct Standardization (DS), Piecewise Direct Standardization (PDS), and Transfer Component Analysis (TCA).

Abstract 065: Advancing Stroke Care Services through Collaborative Efforts: Mission Thrombectomy Surveys of Slovenia

Introduction Acute stroke care must always be improved because stroke is still a leading cause of mortality and adult‐onset disability. The Mission Thrombectomy Slovenia Regional Committee (RC) has established a forward‐thinking initiative to improve stroke treatment services in response to this challenge. With a focus on showcasing the complete picture of stroke systems and identifying areas for improvement to achieve better patient outcomes and increase accessibility to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) treatments in Slovenia, this partnership aims to conduct extensive surveys, analyses, and propose a roadmap to overcome obstacles and optimize the stroke care ecosystem. The SVIN Mission Thrombectomy Slovenia Regional committee (RC) comprises distinguished experts, including Zoran Miloševič as Neurointerventional co‐chair, and Senta Frol and Janja Pretnar Oblak as stroke co‐chairs, respectively, and Igor Rigler as ER co‐chair, whose expertise and collaborative efforts form the backbone of this initiative. Methods As an initial step, we have commenced surveys with UMC Ljubljana, Slovenia. UMC Ljubljana, as a Mechanical Thrombectomy Center, has demonstrated consistent growth in the number of procedures conducted. There is a projection of 180 procedures in 2023, an increase from 135 in 2021 and 109 in 2022. The increased projected procedure volume indicates the hospital's proactive approach in delivering cutting‐edge stroke treatments. A pivotal aspect of UMC Ljubljana's stroke care model lies in its advanced imaging capabilities, including CTA/CTP and MRI/MRP, enabling precise and swift diagnoses, fostering better treatment planning, and optimizing patient outcomes. Furthermore, the presence of a well‐equipped Angio suite, staffed with competent MT operators, ensures seamless execution of interventional procedures. Results The collaboration's future vision involves conducting surveys and analyzing data to identify barriers to MT access, streamlining the patient journey, and improving overall stroke care efficiency. The ongoing efforts of building a Stroke Registry at UMC Ljubljana will enable in‐depth analysis, fostering continuous evolution in stroke care practices. Additionally, investments in Intermediate/Step down care and Telemetry beds will play a vital role in strengthening the continuum of care, enabling smooth patient transitions, and reducing potential delays in treatment. Healthcare practitioners' awareness for stroke triage and Physician Training emerge as the most impactful Thrombectomy Patient Health Initiatives. By prioritizing these initiatives, UMC Ljubljana and Mission Thrombectomy aim to foster early recognition, prompt treatment, and streamlined care for stroke patients. Conclusion In conclusion, the collaborative efforts of UMC Ljubljana and Mission Thrombectomy Slovenia RC are poised to elevate stroke care and MT services through data‐driven analysis and the proposed roadmap. By incorporating future surveys and continuous improvement strategies, the collaboration aims to create a paradigm shift in stroke care, ensuring accessible, efficient, and optimized services to patients in need. Moving forward, we will continue to conduct surveys within the current EVT and stroke centers examining the calculated MT Operator availability (MTOA), MT Center availability (MTCA), and MT Access Rate (MTAR) scores to identify the current barriers to increase access to mechanical thrombectomy.

Rail infrastructure in Poland

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to present the state of the railway infrastructure in relation to the possibility of using it for the transport of tracked vehicles. It analyses the rolling stock available to the armed forces and the procedures for carrying out military transport by rail.MethodsThe research method used in this study consists of a review of the literature dealing with the implementation of military transport by rail. Based on the available data and literature, the state of the rail infrastructure in relation to its use for rail transport and the procedures for implementing military transport by rail are presented.ResultsThe analysis of the documents made it possible to identify and characterise the state of the railway infrastructure and the directions for its modernisation and development. The article presents rail freight corridors that are particularly important from a defence point of view.ConclusionsPoland's rail infrastructure is designed for non-military and military purposes. Rail transport is particularly important for the long-distance movement of tracked vehicles. In order to ensure the efficient transport of military equipment in times of crisis and conflict, the Armed Forces constantly carry out peacetime exercises. During the preparation and execution of military rail transport, procedures and activities of interaction with civil authorities are practised. The railway infrastructure is constantly modernised and adapted to the transport of passengers and goods, taking into account the security conditions of the state and the expected support of the allies.

General Anesthesia, Cognition, and Neurological Comorbidities

General anesthesia is a frequently employed medical intervention that facilitates the induction of a temporary state of unconsciousness, hence facilitating the execution of surgical procedures in patients. Nevertheless, the cognitive capabilities of patients with neurological comorbidities, such as epilepsy or dementia, may be a subject of worry when contemplating the impact of general anesthesia. Studies have indicated that individuals who have pre-existing neurological diseases may encounter negative consequences on their brain function when exposed to anesthesia. These consequences can manifest as a reduction in cognitive abilities or a worsening of their current coexisting medical conditions. Hence, it is imperative for healthcare practitioners to thoroughly assess the potential advantages and disadvantages of general anesthesia in individuals with neurological comorbidities. This evaluation should encompass exploring alternative methodologies or tailoring anesthetic management strategies to mitigate potential complications and enhance patients’ overall results.

Method of Physical Action (MPA) in TAO Dance Theater

TAO Dance Theater is one of the contemporary dance companies with significant influence in the world. Its individualized and pure physicality prompts viewers to reevaluate and redefine aesthetics. This paper aims to investigate TAO Dance's "Method of Physical Action" which resembles Polish theatre master Grotowski's concept of "art as a vehicle." In other words, TAO Dance Theater achieves a suitable execution of self-constructed performance procedures, penetrating conscious and emotional manipulation under the influence of society and culture. It breaks away from the constraints of everyday life experiences and mainstream dance training, as well as prevailing objectification through visual preconceptions, ultimately achieving the best state of natural externalization through physical action.

A Survey on the Latest Developed Emotion Recognition and Legged Robots

As robots are being applied to increasing industrial fields, they began to hold the main position in dealing with an amount of different practical tasks gradually. To figure out certain relationships between robots and humans and how legged robots can achieve adaptive behavior, in this paper, I analyzed a couple of principles of recently designed emotion recognition and legged robots by comparing and summarizing the methods and functions of the trains of thought of two kinds of newly designed robots-Emotion Recognition and Legged Robots. Legs are nothing new for humans or animals, but fitting a robot with legs and making them perform functions similar to humans’ legs is a complex problem. As we can see from the fact that babies learn to walk and the learning curve involved, which indicates that even humans with good motor intelligence spend years learning to walk when they are very young, it’s not difficult to imagine the difficulty of creating legs for a robot and training it to walk properly. Meanwhile, Emotional recognition is the cornerstone of Human-Robot Interaction, and its main task is to establish an intelligent computing system that can analyze and recognize human emotions from speech, text, video, and other modes to realize humanized communication between humans and machines, which is of great theoretical significance and practical application value. The search results on these robots can help to illustrate some specific task execution procedures and serve as a motivation to better understand the design methods of robot learning.

High-efficacy global optimization of antenna structures by means of simplex-based predictors

Design of modern antenna systems has become highly dependent on computational tools, especially full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. EM analysis is capable of yielding accurate representation of antenna characteristics at the expense of considerable evaluation time. Consequently, execution of simulation-driven design procedures (optimization, statistical analysis, multi-criterial design) is severely hindered by the accumulated cost of multiple antenna evaluations. This problem is especially pronounced in the case of global search, frequently performed using nature-inspired algorithms, known for poor computational efficiency. At the same time, global optimization is often required, either due to multimodality of the design task or the lack of sufficiently good starting point. A workaround is to combine metaheuristics with surrogate modeling methods, yet a construction of reliable metamodels over broad ranges of antenna parameters is challenging. This work introduces a novel procedure for global optimization of antenna structures. Our methodology involves a simplex-based automated search performed at the level of approximated operating and performance figures of the structure at hand. The presented approach capitalizes on weakly-nonlinear dependence between the operating figures and antenna geometry parameters, as well as computationally cheap design updates, only requiring a single EM analysis per iteration. Formal convergence of the algorithm is guaranteed by implementing the automated decision-making procedure for reducing the simplex size upon detecting the lack of objective function improvement. The global optimization stage is succeeded by gradient-based parameter refinement. The proposed procedure has been validated using four microstrip antenna structures. Multiple independent runs and statistical analysis of the results have been carried out in order to corroborate global search capability. Satisfactory outcome obtained for all instances, and low average computational cost of only 120 EM antenna simulations, demonstrate superior efficacy of our algorithm, also in comparison with both local optimizers and nature-inspired procedures.

Preparation and Placement Strategy for the 2024 Election in Batu Bara

This paper delves into the intricate strategy employed in the preparation and execution of the 2024 election in Batu Bara. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, facilitating the acquisition of comprehensive and lucid data, offering detailed and accurate insights into the reasons behind the unfolding events. The primary focus of this study rests on the Election Commission (KPU) of Batu Bara Regency as its object of analysis. The findings reveal a commendable and well-executed strategy in preparing and conducting the 2024 election in Batu Bara, in strict adherence to existing regulations and established timelines. The principles governing electoral arrangements are upheld, primarily supported by an information system designed to facilitate this process. However, this study also identifies areas where optimization remains incomplete. Notably, an obstacle encountered during the election preparation and placement strategy pertains to disparities between the geographical data presented in the information system and the real-world ground realities in Batu Bara Regency. These disparities warrant attention, as they introduce challenges to the seamless execution of electoral procedures.

Comfort and Coordination among Interprofessional Care Providers Involved in Intubations in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Successful execution of invasive procedures in acute care settings, including tracheal intubation, requires careful coordination of an interprofessional team. The stress inherent to the intensive care unit (ICU) environment may threaten the optimal communication and planning necessary for the safe execution of this complex procedure. The objective of this study is to characterize the perceptions of interprofessional team members surrounding tracheal intubations in the pediatric ICU (PICU). This is a single-center survey-based study of staff involved in the intubation of pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary level academic PICU. Physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists (RT) involved in tracheal intubations were queried via standardized, discipline-specific electronic surveys regarding their involvement in procedural planning and overall awareness of and comfort with the intubation plan. Qualitative variables were assessed by both Likert scales and free-text comments that were grouped and analyzed thematically. One hundred and eleven intubation encounters were included during the study time period, of which 93 (84%) had survey responses from at least 2 professional teams. Among those included in the analysis, the survey was completed 244 times by members of the PICU teams including 86 responses from physicians, 76 from nurses, and 82 from RTs. Survey response rates were >80% from each provider team. There were significant differences in interprofessional team comfort with nurses feeling less well informed and comfortable with the intubation plan and process compared to physicians and RTs (p < 0.001 for both). Qualitative themes including clear communication, adequate planning and preparation prior to procedure initiation, and clear definition of roles emerged among both affirmative and constructive comments. Exploration of provider perceptions and emergence of constructive themes expose opportunities for teamwork improvement strategies involving intubations in the PICU. The use of a preintubation checklist may improve organization and communication amongst team members, increase provider morale, decrease team stress levels, and, ultimately, may improve patient outcomes during this high stakes, coordinated event.

A Literature Review of the Future of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery in the Hands of Technology.

In the realm of dentistry, a myriad of technological advancements, including teledentistry, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and three-dimensional printing, have been extensively embraced and rigorously evaluated, consistently demonstrating their remarkable effectiveness. These innovations have ushered in a transformative era in dentistry, impacting every facet of the field. They encompass activities ranging from the diagnosis and exploration of oral health conditions to the formulation of treatment plans, execution of surgical procedures, fabrication of prosthetics, and even assistance in patient distraction, prognosis, and disease prevention.Despite the significant strides already taken, the relentless pursuit of new horizons fueled by human curiosity remains unabated. The future landscape of dentistry holds the promise of sweeping changes, notably characterized by enhanced accessibility to dental care and reduced treatment durations. In this comprehensive review article, we delve into the pivotal roles played by AI, VR, augmented reality, mixed reality, and extended reality within the realm of dentistry, with a particular emphasis on their applications in oral medicine, oral radiology, oral surgery, and oral pathology.These technologies represent just a fraction of the technological arsenal currently harnessed in the field of dentistry. A thorough comprehension of their advantages and limitations is imperative for informed decision-making in their utilization.

PP5GS—An Efficient Procedure-Based and Stateless Architecture for Next-Generation Core Networks

The introduction of the Service-Based Architecture (SBA) for the 5G Core Networks has drastically changed the way these networks are designed and operated. Aiming for higher flexibility and agility, the adoption of SBA is the first step towards cloud-native deployments of 5G Core. However, the high degree of functional decomposition in SBA has implications in terms of increased inter-NF signaling traffic during the execution of control plane procedures, as well as an increased complexity in orchestrating a system with tight inter-NF dependencies. In this work, we introduce PP5GS as a stateless 5G Core architecture that implements a procedure-based functional decomposition of the 5G Core NFs. We develop Per-Procedure NFs for four different control plane procedures and perform extensive evaluations in a private cloud environment orchestrated with Kubernetes. The results show that PP5GS requires up to 34% and 55% less computing resources compared to the baseline stateful and stateless systems, respectively, while generating at least 40% less signaling traffic. Moreover, complex control plane procedures can complete up to 50% faster. Lastly, the results show that PP5GS is a more feasible architecture in leveraging edge-offloading of 5G Core NFs.

다문화사회에서의 형사사법절차상 A.I. 사법통역지원 시스템 활용 확산 가능성에 대하여

The purpose of this paper is to stress the importance of safeguarding fundamental and protective rights for those who are socially marginalized in criminal proceedings, and to examine the introduction and necessity of legal AI technology in relation to language interpretation difficulties by presenting discrimination cases involving immigrants in criminal justice and execution procedures. Particularly, the author explores the possibility of employing AI to render judgments and broaden its application in relation to the language interpretation challenge in judicial proceedings affecting ethnic minorities. Through an analysis of the legal-tech industry in the United States, the author discusses the possibility of using artificial intelligence interpreters and proposes the introduction and use of new legal artificial intelligence technology.&#x0D; The author explores the possibility of using artificial intelligence interpreters, analyzes cases and support systems in the United States, and presents directions to be pursued. Guidelines or protocols that reflect discussions such as whether interpreters can arbitrarily conduct interpretations and inform judges about potential problems caused by cultural differences are discussed by the author.&#x0D; At present, the sole focus of discussion in Korea pertains to the enhancement of simple interpretation support, in regard to the protection of fundamental rights and defense rights for foreigners in judicial proceedings. However, the author emphasizes the use of artificial intelligence interpreters as ‘cultural mediators’ who understand and accurately explain subtle language expressions based on cultural differences on behalf of immigrants who may be vulnerable to legal responses due to language.

Benchmarking methodology for stateful NAT64 gateways

The benchmarking of Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 clients to IPv4 servers (stateful NAT64) gateways is challenging from a methodological point of view because the state of the art benchmarking standards have some requirements that are conflicting when applied to stateful NAT64 gateways. In this paper, several methodological gaps are pointed out and a benchmarking methodology is proposed, which is applicable for any stateful NATxy gateways, where x and y are in {4, 6}. It bridges all the gaps by reconciling the conflicting requirements and facilitating the execution of the industry standard benchmarking measurement procedures (throughput, latency, frame loss rate, packet delay variation) with stateful NATxy gateways. New performance metrics specific to stateful testing are also defined: maximum connection establishment rate, connection tear down rate, and connection tracking table capacity. The proposed methodology is suitable for examining the scalability of the stateful NATxy gateways, too. The methodology is validated by applying it to the benchmarking of three radically different stateful NAT64 implementations: Jool, tayga plus iptables, and OpenBSD Packet Filter (PF). The details of the measurements and their results are fully disclosed.

Optimal path, orientation and trajectory planning along arbitrarily shaped surfaces for image-based robot-automated medical procedures

Robot-assisted surgery offers many advantages in terms of precision and facilitation in medicine, whereby the physician controls the system online. However, operational errors cannot be ruled out and the traversal along complex surfaces, e.g., to perform precise milling or cutting, is still extremely complicated. This contribution introduces a physician-planned and robot-executed image-based automation for uniform motion along arbitrarily shaped surfaces, which will especially improve the accuracy in surface-true medical procedures, e.g., executing precise cuts or removing adherent tissue in the case of spinal stenosis. The physician marks desired waypoints on relevant objects that are previously segmented and meshed from the computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. A length-optimal path planner determines the shortest path along the surface in 3D space by a two-stage optimization, supplemented by a surface adapted orientation strategy for correct alignment of the end-effector. Marking significant points rather than entire paths on curved surfaces simplifies the applicability in 3D imaging for the physician. Subsequently, a node-faithful trajectory planning algorithm for uniform motion based on the path is introduced. Using robot specific inverse kinematics, the subsequent transformation into the joint space takes place. Thus, the approach can be transferred to common systems existing in medical robot assistance. The execution of the monitorable surgical planning procedure is performed both in simulation and experiment on a complex shaped 3D-printed lumbar vertebra from a CT scan using a Stäubli TX2-60 manipulator.

Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic: A state-of-the-art review.

To provide an overview of the various treatment options available in the clinic to achieve periorbital rejuvenation. Literature review and expert opinion. Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic can be accomplished through a variety of treatment modalities, including topical therapies, skin resurfacing, and fillers and injectables. Furthermore, some surgical approaches, such as upper blepharoplasties, ptosis, and brow lifts, can be performed in the clinic under local anesthesia with only mild oral sedation. However, the successful execution of such procedures depends on proper patient selection and maximizing patient comfort.

Telemedicine in Sports under Extreme Conditions: Data Transmission, Remote Medical Consultations, and Diagnostic Imaging.

Telemedical technologies provide significant benefits in sports for performance monitoring and early recognition of many medical issues, especially when sports are practised outside a regulated playing field, where participants are exposed to rapidly changing environmental conditions or specialised medical assistance is unavailable. We provide a review of the medical literature on the use of telemedicine in adventure and extreme sports. Out of 2715 unique sport citations from 4 scientific databases 16 papers met the criteria, which included all research papers exploring the use of telemedicine for monitoring performance and health status in extreme environments. Their quality was assessed by a double-anonymised review with a specifically designed four-item scoring system. Telemedicine was used in high-mountain sports (37.5%; n = 6), winter sports (18.7%; n = 3), water sports (25%; n = 4), and long-distance land sports (18.7%; n = 3). Telemedicine was used for data transfer, teleconsulting, and the execution of remote-controlled procedures, including imaging diagnostics. Telemedical technologies were also used to diagnose and treat sport-related and environmentally impacted injuries, including emergencies in three extreme conditions: high mountains, ultraendurance activities, and in/under the water. By highlighting sport-specific movement patterns or physiological and pathological responses in extreme climatic conditions and environments, telemedicine may result in better preparation and development of strategies for an in-depth understanding of the stress of the metabolic, cardiorespiratory, biomechanical, or neuromuscular system, potentially resulting in performance improvement and injury prevention.

SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF ENCODERS OF INTERFERENCE-RESISTANT CASCADE CODES FOR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

For various channels of information transmission that can be used in local control systems of a wide range of processes, affordable, scalable, and inexpensive transmission methods are needed that allow the necessary information to be transmitted reliably without errors. Errors that occur in discrete, continuous communication channels are the main obstacle to the reliability of transmitted data. The main causes of errors are signal attenuation, noise and various interferences. As a result of the analysis of error statistics in discrete data transmission channels, it was concluded that single and double errors occur in the absolute majority of cases. It is proposed to combat errors by using tamper-resistant coding. Among the interference-resistant codes, redundant block-separated systematic codes are highlighted, among which is the Hamming code. The basis of the interference-resistant coding model is proposed to be the use of a systematic Hamming code followed by cascade coding by adding a parity check bit. The used model made it possible to deal with all the most likely cases of errors. Since this coding model must be flexibly used in different systems, a necessary criterion of the model is its universality. Therefore, the model was tested on a sample with code combinations of different numbers of bits. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dependence of the coding procedure execution time for encoders of different levels: a separate first-stage encoder, as well as a first-stage encoder with the addition of a second-stage encoder. Experiments were conducted with a large sample, which were subsequently analyzed and interpreted. Since the model proved to be flexible, simple, stable and effective as a result of experiments, and the process of combating interference by using cascade codes has proven itself well in world practice, it is recommended for use in various information management systems. The implementation of the coder for interference-resistant data transmission is given.

Impact of the new coronavirus infection pandemic on the course of coronary heart disease

ABSTRACT. This study analyzes the impact of the new coronavirus infection pandemic on the course of coronary heart disease. It highlights the role of factors such as endothelial dysfunction, microvascular hypoperfusion, thrombosis, and systemic inflammation in worsening cardiovascular pathology, including coronary heart disease. The paper also explores additional causes for the deterioration of coronary heart disease during the peak of the pandemic. Despite recommendations advocating for percutaneous intervention in all patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST-segment elevation, there has been a notable decrease in the number of percutaneous intervention procedures performed during the peak of the pandemic. This decline is observed in patients with both ST-segment elevation and those without (reductions of 21% and 37%, respectively). Despite the recommendations advocating for percutaneous intervention in all patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST-segment elevation, there has been a notable decrease in the number of percutaneous intervention procedures performed during the peak of pandemic. This decline is observed in patients with both ST-segment elevation and those without (reductions of 21% and 37%, respectively). Furthermore, there has been an increase in the time interval between ambulance contact and the execution of percutaneous procedures, resulting in prolonged myocardial ischemia and subsequently poorer patient prognosis. Moreover, due to limitations in the ability to provide inpatient examination and treatment for individuals with chronic heart failure, there has been a pronounced exacerbation of the condition and an increase in mortality rates. Similarly, the provision of cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction has been significantly restricted. Given the extensive number of patients who have been affected or continue to suffer from new coronavirus infection, it is of utmost importance to develop predictive models that account for the development of post-new coronavirus infection syndrome and the emergence of early and late complications of a new coronavirus infection, including coronary artery disease, and comorbidities. The current risk assessment models, aimed at predicting mortality and guiding the treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection or post-infection, do not comprehensively consider all the necessary parameters nor do they predict the emergence of long-term complications. Therefore, further prospective studies are required to address these limitations.

Implementation and analysis of 5G network identification operations at low signal-to-noise ratio

The article investigates the operations of identifying a cellular network and searching for a cell at various signal-to-noise ratios. The estimation of frequency and time displacement, criteria for detecting the primary synchronization signal are presented. The main contribution of this article is the consideration of the step-by-step execution of the 5G cell search procedure in a complex interference environment. The decoding steps of the primary and secondary synchronization signals are being investigated. This is achieved by analyzing the signals at each step of the correlation algorithm for different signal-to-noise ratios. In order to verify the adequacy of the proposed models, a sequence operation for synchronizing 5G mobile networks with base station signals is considered. The dependence the magnitude of the error vector modulus on the signal-to-noise ratio of a physical broadcasting channel is investigated for three different channel profiles without line of sight. As a result of the experiment, the error vector of the physical broadcast channel changes from 55% to 10%, when the signal-to-noise ratio changes from 0 to 20 dB. In the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mode, we received a 3 dB increase in communication energy efficiency. The findings will be useful for 5G system designers to troubleshoot synchronization problems.