Excipients Research Articles

OBTAINING AND CONDITIONING LACTIC BACTERIA INOCULANTS USING BENTONITE

Lactic bacteria are capable to ferment simple sugar s and produce lactic acid as single or main metabolite. This capacity makes possible their utilization as natural preservatives, or as direct -fed microbial additives (DFM) with probiotic effect. Th e problems raised in conditioning of lactic bacteri a cultures are the effect of lactic acid accumulation and pH drop followed by death of bacterial cells. In this work bentonite is used both as excipient and as the main substrate for pH control. The aim of this wor k is to elaborate a procedure to multiply and to keep lacti c bacteria viable as long as possible in wet or dry products used in animal feeding. Lactic bacteria st rains from Collection of Industrial Microorganisms of F.Z.B. Timisoara can be used to produce lactic bact eria biomass using whey as culture medium. Bentonite can be used for conditioning lactic bacteria biomas s. The wet product can be preserved at +4 o C for up to 24 months. The dry product can be preserved at room te mperature for up to 3 months if contains Lb. acidophilus CMIT3 or up to 1 month if contains Lb. plantarum CMIT2, Lb. sp.CMIT1 or Ec. faecium CMIT4 . This procedure can be applied in conditioning ino culants applicable in animal feeding, in naturally preserving forages or other products by lactic ferm entation.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients under treatment with protease inhibitors.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis decreased when protease inhibitors were included with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV infection. We tested oral yeast isolates of Brazilian HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy for protease secretion and susceptibility to ritonavir and some antifungals. We collected oral samples and identified yeasts from 19 HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and suspected of having oral candidiasis. Ritonavir and its excipients' effects on the isolated yeasts were tested for protease secretion by Rüchel's technique. The yeasts' susceptibility to amphotericin B (AnB), fluorocitosine (5FC), fluconazole (FZL), ketoconazole (KZL), and itraconazole (IZL) was determined by E-test (AB Biodisk). Chi-squared test determined the statistical differences. Twenty-five different positive isolates were obtained. Sixty-eight percent were C. albicans. Other isolates included C. famata (16%), C. glabrata (4%), C. tropicalis (4%), T. capitatum (4%), and 1 isolate not identified. High protease secretion was observed for most of the isolates (20/25). Ritonavir only altered enzyme secretion in 6/20 of the protease-secreting isolates. All isolates were highly sensitive to both AnB and 5FC. Antifungal activity did not change when ritonavir was added to the culture media. Some isolates were highly resistant to studied antifungals (52.2% KZL, 30.4% FZL, and 26% IZL). Resistance significantly decreased when ritonavir was added to the medium with KZL and IZL (P <.5 by chi-squared). A trend to decreased resistance was also observed with FZL but the results were not statistically significant. Candida continues to be the most prevalent fungus in the oral cavity. Although oral candidal isolates secrete protease, ritonavir does not inhibit all protease-secreting oral yeast isolates. There seems to be a synergistic effect between ritonavir and oral antifungals against fungal resistance.

Novel Particle Engineering Techniques in Drug Delivery: Review of Coformulations Using Supercritical Fluids and Liquefied Gases

This paper aimed to survey the numerous publications and patents issued in the fields of supercritical fluid assisted and cryogenic formulation techniques with special regard to coformulations of active substrate – excipient composites. These methods open new possibilities in formulation of drug carrier composites with targeted physical properties including particle size, morphology, crystallinity, polymorphism and residual solvent content Both methods were proved to be viable alternatives to conventional formulation techniques.

The Use of Unallowed Excipients

The Use of Unallowed Excipients

Acacia-A Remarkable Excipient: The Past, Present, and Future of Gum Arabic

Acacia-A Remarkable Excipient: The Past, Present, and Future of Gum Arabic

Quantitative High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Indapamide in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for quantitative analysis of indapamide in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms on the Turkish market. A LiChrospher RP-18 column, HP-1050 UV-detector and acetonitrile-distilled water (35:65) as the solvent system were used. The flow-rate was 1.5 mL min−1. Quantitative determination of indapamide was carried out at 254 nm. The method was found to be rapid (under 10min per assay) and was selective enough to allow the determination of indapamide in the presence of certain excipients.

Quantitative High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Famotidine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for quantitative analysis of famotidine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was applied to medicines on the Turkish market. A LiChrospher RP-18 column, HP-1050 UV-detector and methanol—0·1 M aqueous ammonium acetate (30 : 70) as the solvent system (flow rate 1·0 mL min−1) were used. Quantitative determination of famotidine was carried out at 254 nm wavelength. The method was found to be rapid—under 5 min per assay—and was selective enough to allow the determination of famotidine in the presence of certain excipients.

New Publication: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 2nd Edition

New Publication: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 2nd Edition

Place of excipients in drug-related allergy.

Place of excipients in drug-related allergy.

In support of disclosing excipients

In support of disclosing excipients

In support of disclosing excipients

In support of disclosing excipients

Pseudohyperaldostéronisme par surdosage chronique en pastilles « pulmoll marron . À propos d'une observation

We report the case of a 66 year old man with glycyrrhizin-induced hyperamineralocorticoidism secondary to glycyrrhizine used as an excipient in Pulmoll ® lozenges. Products containing glycyrrhyzin should be clearly labelled and better still, should its necessary as excipient not be reconsidered ?

アミノフィリン末を賦形する際に用いるデンプンの評価

The potato starch has been used as excipients on dispending the aminophylline powder in our hospital pharmacy.In our test about the error of dividing weight used automatic dividing packing machine model KC805-K90 (Konishi), the coefficient of variation (C. V.) ofaminophylline mixedpotato stamch was more than 10%for 21 subpacks of 0.5g.Then, we studied the relation between the dividing time and the error of dividing weight, and the rate of loss.Furthermore, We examined the physical properties of each starch and the chemical incompatibility on mixing aminophylline and each stamch.The rice stamch revealed the smallest C. V. value (%) in each starch and was not changed chemically when it was mixed with the aminophylline powder.These results suggest that the rice starch is the most useful excipients from a dispending point of view.

The Rapid Induction by Interleukin-2 of Pulmonary Microvascular Permeability

The clinical use of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is limited by severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. This study examines the mechanism of respiratory failure related to IL-2, using sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulae. Awake animals were infused with an intravenous (I.V.) bolus of IL-2 10(5) U/kg (n = 5) or its excipient (EXC) control (n = 3), every 8 hours for 4 to 5 days. Cardiopulmonary function was monitored daily for at least one 8-hour period. Within 2 hours after each IL-2 administration, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) rose. On Day 1, the mean rise was from 13 to 26 mmHg (p less than 0.05), and on Day 5, to 29 mmHg (p less than 0.05). MPAP returned to baseline levels after 2-3 hours. Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was unchanged from 4 mmHg. There were transient falls in arterial oxygen tension, from 88 to 77 mmHg on Day 1 and to 73 mmHg (p less than 0.05) on Day 5. Lung lymph flow (QL) rose from 2.4 to 6.8 ml/30 minutes (p less than 0.05) on Day 1, and from 4.7 to 10.2 ml/30 minutes (p less than 0.05) on Day 5, whereas the lymph/plasma protein ratio increased on Day 1 from 0.69 to 0.83 (p less than 0.05) and from 0.63 to 0.71 (p less than 0.05) on Day 5. This documents an increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability. Thromboxane (Tx)B2 levels increased transiently after each IL-2 injection in plasma from 195 to 340 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and in lung lymph from 222 to 772 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) on Day 1, and to similar levels on Day 5. There was a progressive rise in cardiac output from 5.7 to 8.6 1/minute (p less than 0.05) during the 5 days of infusion. Systemic blood pressure did not change. Temperature rose from 39.1 to 41.2 C (p less than 0.05), and shaking chills were common. There was a progressive fall in leukocyte count, from 8.4 to 3.2 X 10(3)/mm3 (p less than 0.05) by Day 5, reflecting a 77% fall in lymphocytes. Lung lymph lymphocyte counts rose, and lymphocyte clearance increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Separation of some fatty ointment excipients by gradient elution HPTLC

A very simple gradient elutionTlc system for the separation of some common fatty excipients of rather varying polarities in one run is presented. WhenHptlc precoated plates are used, run times are as short as 10 minutes. The system is useful as a simple quality control for fatty excipients, ointment bases and complete ointments. Een eenvoudig dunnelaag-chromatografisch systeem met gradient-elutie voor de bepaling van enkele veel gebruikte vette hulpstoffen wordt beschreven. MetHptlc precoated plates kunnen Stoffen van uiteenlopende polariteit in een gang, binnen 10 minuten, worden gescheiden. Het systeem is bruikbaar voor eenvoudige kwaliteitscontrole van vette excipienten, zalfbases en zalven.

Gelosin—A New Excipient and Vehicle

Gelosin—A New Excipient and Vehicle