Cooperative Exchange Research Articles

Building Trustworthy Relationships with Smallholder(Small-scale) Agro-commodity Suppliers: Insights from the Ghana Cocoa Industry

The purpose of the study is to investigate which factors lead firms should consider in their quest to build trustworthy supply relationships with agro-commodity suppliers. We developed a model of opportunism-trust relationships, which we analyzed in the context of a smallholder agro-commodity supply market (SHACSM). The data source is a survey of 444 buyer-supplier relationships from the cocoa industry of Ghana. The analysis shows that relational satisfaction, cooperation and information exchange reduce perceptions of opportunism consistent with the literature. However, multigroup analysis suggests differences in perception between men and women farm owners/managers. While men perceived the important role of information exchange in reducing perceptions of opportunism, women farm owners/managers were more concerned about the negative consequence of opportunism on trust. We discuss implications for theory, public policy, and macromarketing practice, and suggest options for future research.

Stochastic Differential Game Model Analysis of Emission-Reduction Technology Under Cost-Sharing Contracts in the Carbon Trading Market

Climate change and greenhouse gas emission reduction have become pressing concerns in recent years. Carbon trading systems and emission-reduction cost-sharing contracts are important emission-reduction measures, under the two mechanisms, this paper considers a dynamic emission-reduction technology investment decision-making problem in a dyadic supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. In considering the influence of consumers' low-carbon preferences on market demand as well as the impact of uncertainty on carbon emission-reduction behaviour, this paper (1) constructs the investment game model under cost-sharing coordination between manufacturers and retailers; (2) adopts differential game and dynamic optimisation methods to obtained investment strategies for manufacturers and retailers under cost-sharing contracts.; and (3) uses a numerical simulation method to simulate the path evolution process of each state variable and, by analysing the sensitivity of various parameters, to determine the influence of various parameters on the decision making of emission reduction among stakeholders. The study finds that under the carbon trading system, cost-sharing contracts have a regulatory effect on enterprise emission-reduction investment and enterprise profits, and that the impact of regulatory effects increases over time. Likewise, the evolution path of the parameters used for various indicators presents a strengthened trend over time. The results show that it is necessary to enhance the cooperative development and exchange of carbon emission-reduction technology among enterprises.

Establishing Parameters for Comparative Analysis of V2V Communication in VANET

In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), information dissemination plays vital role in establishing the cooperation among the vehicles. This cooperation and information exchange is needed for proper performance of safety and other VANET applications. Broadcasting is the most suitable method for information dissemination over the network. The simplicity of the broadcast mechanism in such a highly dense and mobile network leads to network contention, broadcast storm and network partition problem. To keep all nodes updated and gather neighbourhood information broadcasting protocol use beacon messages. A non-trivial scientific contribution is required in broadcasting techniques to cater to the need of a network. In this paper, we establish a system model and parameters responsible for efficient information dissemination for VANETs. We implemented three major techniques for information dissemination which are, simple flooding, counter-based and probability-based techniques. These three techniques are simulated with established parameters. The work also analysed the impact of beaconing in the network. The simulation is carried out on Veins framework and the results are then analysed on the basis of established parameters. The analysis of result shows that an integrated approach will suit the needs whereas the use of independent techniques might not yield the result which we expect. The paper concludes by outlining the future research directions in information dissemination in VANET.

ТРАДИЦИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ЮГО-ЗАПАДНОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ КНР

The article is researching origins of the study Russian language in China, the “boom” of the Russian language and Russian-Soviet culture in the 1950s. in the PRC, their “disgrace” during the “cultural revolution” and the “second spring of rapid development” after 1978. The object of the study is the language policy of the PRC, the main emphasis is on the analysis of the study of the Russian language in the city of Chongqing and Southwestern University (SWU), where the Russian language as a bachelor degree major was open in 1950, and then underwent a new birth in 2010. Attention is paid to the study of the formation and development of the Faculty of the Russian Language of SWU in retrospect, the names of teachers, including Soviet citizens, who were at the origins of Russian studies at the university are indicated, and a large amount of statistical data is provided. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the productive work of the Faculty of the Russian Language, reopened in 2010. The article presents positive trends in improving the methodological, educational, scientific, extracurricular work of the faculty, as a result of improving the quality of teaching and students' knowledge. The perspectives of conjugation of the “Belt and Road” initiative with the development of language policy in China are assessed. A conclusion is made about the development potential in the field of international cooperation and international exchanges of the Faculty of the Russian Language of SWU.

Promoting Transdisciplinary and Transeultural Cooperation In Space Science in Face of COVID-19-Interview with Prof.Wing-Huen Ip,Executive Director of ISSI-BJ

Prof.Wing-Huen Ip,a world-renown scientist in cometary physics,planetary science,solar system evolution and exoplanets,took the post of the Executive Director of the International Space Science Institute一Beijing(ISSI-BJ)in June.As the only partner of the well-known International Space Science Institute(ISSI)in Bern outside Switzerland,ISSI-BJ has adopted the same tools as ISSI to facilitate international cooperation and academic exchanges:workshops,forums,and others that rely on in-person communications.

A Factor Graph-Based Distributed Consensus Kalman Filter

The Kalman filter as an effective tool to solve the state estimation problem for linear dynamic systems can be derived from a generalized perspective by applying the sum-product message passing over a factor graph. This viewpoint encourages us to visualize the state estimation problem over a network where all the nodes aspire to obtain consensus-based state estimates of a dynamic system by collecting sequential measurements over time. In this work, nodes process in a distributed and cooperative fashion and exchange Gaussian messages among neighbors resulting in a Gaussian belief propagation algorithm. We discuss and illustrate the performance of our proposed method under acyclic and cyclic network typologies.

Implementation of the More Doctors Program in Espírito Santo State, Brazil: logic model and proposed indicators

The study aimed to assess the implementation of the More Doctors Program (PMM in Portuguese) based on a case study of the Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The first stage involved analyzing the documents that launched the PMM, allowing the creation of a logic model. In the second stage, data on the PMM in Espírito Santo State were analyzed (2013-2016) based on population brackets, creating indicators for the proportion of physicians before and after the Program with the following parameters: unacceptable (0 to 0.99 physicians/1,000 inhabitants); acceptable (1 to 1.99); and desirable (2.0 or more). Data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests. The model included the size, inputs, activities, outputs, results, and impact of the PMM, orienting analysis of the Program's implementation. Of all the physicians in the emergency supply to Espírito Santo State (432), the majority (63.8%) were cooperative exchange physicians (Cubans), while 31.2% were regional board-accredited Brazilians. The Brazilian and individual exchange physicians were allocated mainly in medium and large municipalities, while the Cubans were distributed more heterogeneously in municipalities of all population sizes and were thus more common in areas with greater social vulnerability and lower social capital. There was a significant increase in the number of physicians in Espírito Santo State, but the supply to the extremely poor population did not reach the desired level, presenting an unacceptable mean rate in municipalities with up to 10,000 inhabitants and an acceptable rate in municipalities in the other population brackets.

A cooperative exchange of anesthesia personnel between the dental hospital and the medical hospitals in Showa University to develop a specialist of dental anesthesia

A cooperative exchange of anesthesia personnel between the dental hospital and the medical hospitals in Showa University to develop a specialist of dental anesthesia

“一带一路”背景下的滇藏沿边国家恐怖主义风险 标识和发展趋势 - 基于GTD数据和GTI指数的ArcGIS标识和Excel趋势外推分析法-

This paper aimed to identify the terrorism and its development trend of the neighboring countries which border on China’s Yunnan and Tibet provinces. It based on China"s “Belt and Road” Initiative to promote economic and trade cooperation and cultural exchanges between provinces and cities in China and neighboring countries, especially in the context of the increasing exchanges and cooperation between Yunnan and Tibet provinces and border countries. ArcGIS software is used to identify 2013-2017 years" GTD data and GTI index, and through the Excel trend extrapolation analysis method, the development trend of terrorism in these countries has been derived. The results show that in 2013-2017, the area of high and potential high risks of terrorism are mainly concentrated in Pakistan and India in South Asia, area of medium risks are concentrated in Nepal in South Asia and Myanmar in South Asia, while the risks of terrorism in Bhutan, Laos and Vietnam in South Asia is relatively low. At the same time, it drew the conclusion that the terrorism risk of each country along the Yunnan-Tibet border will show different development trends after 2018. Based on this, the paper finally put forward some concluding suggestions to prevent the risk of terrorism in the border areas of Yunnan and Tibet and to promote China"s “Belt and Road” Initiative cooperation.

Problematyka kaliningradzka na łamach „Gazety Olsztyńskiej” w latach 2015−2019

The article is a presentation of the results of the analysis of the (quantitative and qualitative) content of “Gazeta Olsztyńska” in the field of issues of the Kaliningrad region in 2015–2019. The Olsztyn daily is for the inhabitants of the Warmian-Masurian region one of the sources of knowledge about the Kaliningrad region and its inhabitants. The texts published in “Gazeta Olsztyńska” are also a reflection of the internal political situation and prevailing Polish-Russian relations. They are also one of the ways to promote economic cooperation and cultural exchange in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and the Kaliningrad District.

DIFFICULTIES RESULTING FROM LANGUAGE DIVERSITY IN TEACHING MEDICAL TRANSLATION AND METHODS TO OVERCOME THEM WHEN TEACHING MEDICAL ENGLISH TO FUTURE TRANSLATORS

Author/s
 Anna KuzioUniwersytet Zielonogórski, Poland
 
 ABSTRACT
 Active cooperation and international exchange of experience in the field of medicine and health care are being employed in the contemporary world. In this regard, the application of quality translation of medical records is of great significance. This paper discusses problems related to the translation of medical terms from English into Polish, taking language diversity into account. It applies an evaluation approach to investigate and discuss the issues and complexities of translating medical terms from English into Polish. The purpose of the study is to present the various linguistic difficulties related to the translation of medical terms and the way in which students in a medical translation course deal with them. The study used qualitative and quantitative approach to evaluate the significance of the potential problem. It concentrates on various types of medical terms. The findings of the analysis of the data revealed that the translation of medical terms posed real challenges and difficulties to students who face difficulties while rendering medical terms from English into Polish that seems to be the main problem in translating medical texts.

Estado de la internacionalización en la Escuela de Secretariado Profesional, 2018-2019

Case study developed at the “Escuela de Secretariado Profesional” (ESP) of the Social Science Faculty at Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica. Its overall objective was to diagnose the state of internationalization in the ESP, 2018-2019. Its specific objectives were, a) to compare curricula and the output profile of the Office Administration major offered in the ESP and the other bachelor degrees taught in three Latin-American countries, b) to identify strategic actionsof internationalization available in the ESP in terms of scholarships, programs, projects and activities of international research, networks, among others and (c) designing a strategic action route that guaranties the sustainability of internationalization in the target text. Among the most significant findings are the urgent need for training in the field of cooperation and international exchange, the creation of working teams that can ensure the availability,accessibility and transfer of study programs in the overseas and which also consider the recognition and omparability of credits and degrees outside and within the country, among others.

Collaboration in an entrepreneurial cluster: a study of an urban coop

Purpose Entrepreneurial clusters are viewed by academics, practitioners and policy makers as effective economic tools, associated with new business opportunities and innovation potential. Currently, the advancing cluster discussion is concerned with exploring the interplay and interdependence between cluster members, with collaboration increasingly taking centre stage. Despite this, however, the actual nature of collaboration is not fully understood. This study aims to explore collaboration, examining the underlying aspects of cooperative exchange, relationship-building and trust, and networking and knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach The methodological design is qualitative, utilising a series of semi-structured interviews with a cohort of cluster members, operating in an urban cooperative. Findings A shared purpose, underpinned by commonly supported value systems, is crucial in the formation of trust-based relationships. Competitive rivalry did not negatively influence motivation for collaboration. Instead, it is superseded by trust-based relationships, which facilitate information flow, acting as an enabler for collaboration. Collaboration, in pursuit of mutually beneficial goals, without fear of opportunism, is enacted through the formation of a number of, and different relationships, dependent on individual goals and/or stage of business development. Informal, rather than formal, relationships are built on respect and unspoken agreements, rather than on written formal contracts. Many “untraded” interdependencies lead to a stable networked cluster environment. Originality/value This empirical study contributes to and advances entrepreneurial cluster literature providing a deeper understanding for academics and policy makers of the interplay between cooperative exchange, relationship-building and trust and networking and knowledge sharing.

An optimized security solution based on trust value for multithreaded wireless body area network communication

PurposeSecurity of wireless body area network communication is highly important as it directly impacts human life. This paper aims to focus on battlefield application area of WBAN for implementing security where data must be protected against various possible attacks before delivering over a public network.Design/methodology/approachProviding a strong security system is still a research challenge due to low computational power of used sensors for protecting transmission data. In this paper, the authors have proposed an optimized security solution for multithreaded wireless body area network (MWBAN) using trust-based distributed group key management technique to overcome the drawbacks of existing elliptical curve cryptography-homomorphism (ECC-Homomorphism) scheme as well as coded cooperative data exchange group key management (CCDE_GKM) scheme.FindingsThe proposed optimized security solution is implemented for a particular deployment strategy and test runs are conducted. It is found that when number of attack nodes increased to 25, compared to ECC–Homomorphism and CCDE_GKM for the proposed trust-based distributed group key management technique there is an improvement in performance parameters such as throughput is dropped to only 10.11 Kbps, average delay is just 3.4 s, energy consumption is maximum 29 joules, packet loss is only 12.3 per cent, 90.9 per cent truly can detect attack, only 8.9 per cent false attack detection and 84 per cent true negative detection.Social implicationsMedical care can be provided to human beings with much ease and flexibility via remote monitoring. The user can be at any place, can do his/her everyday work while remotely being monitored of their health parameters and secured transmission of their data to the health-care center for medical service in need.Originality/valueThis paper presents an optimized security solution for MWBAN using trust-based distributed group key management technique where bilinear pairing theory is used as major cryptographic base. Optimal key is selected based on trust value and also attack nodes are detected based on trust value to control participation in communication.

Non-Cooperative and Cooperative Optimization of Scheduling With Vehicle-to-Grid Regulation Services

Due to the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and technological advancements of EV electronics, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technique, which utilizes EVs to provide ancillary services for the power grid, stimulates new ideas in current smart grid research. Since EVs are selfish individuals owned by different parties, how to motivate them to provide ancillary services becomes an issue. In this paper, game theoretic approaches using non-cooperative and cooperative game are proposed to motivate EVs to provide frequency regulation services for the power grid. In a non-cooperative V2G system, the interaction between the EV aggregator and EVs is formulated as a non-cooperative Stackelberg game. The EV aggregator as the leader decides the electricity trading price, and EVs as the followers determine their charging/discharging strategies. In a cooperative V2G system, a potential game is formulated to achieve the optimal social welfare of the V2G system. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium of these two games are validated. Our simulation results show that the proposed game theoretic approaches can motivate EVs to smooth out the power fluctuations from the grid while EVs schedule their charging/discharging activities to maximize their utilities. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the use of the V2G game in providing regulation services to the grid. Through cooperation and extra information exchange, the social welfare of EVs and the EV aggregator can be improved to the global optimum and the V2G regulation services can also achieve near-optimal performance.

Impact of school locality on teaching and learning: A qualitative inquiry

This research examined the impact of school location on teaching and learning through a case study of two urban, two rural and two remote Fijian secondary schools. A total of 48 semi-structured interviews were conducted: 16 from each category of urban, rural and remote. Each school was represented by three teachers, three heads of department and two administrators. The study established that rural and remote schools often face different challenges to their urban counterparts: geography, poverty and funding influence the quality of education. Leadership support and adequate resources are the key to breaking the overreliance on traditional methods of teaching and enhancing student classroom interest and participation. Finally, just as schools serve different communities, geographical location impacts on external links, cooperation and professional exchange and development. Understanding the impact of school locality on teaching and learning in Fiji should benefit other developing nations and the educational community at large.

Geopolitical meridians of world-class universities

This article discusses results from two waves (2017, 2019) of world-class universities identification, thus allowing provision of a geopolitical snapshot of advanced universities global market. Results show that United Europe is becoming a leader, while Asia and the United States positions have worsened. Economic and cultural factors are based on different countries foundations of success in formation of global universities. The quality of the economic prerequisite involves the existence of global high-tech companies in the country; their number and strength determine the number and strength of world-class universities. The quality of the cultural prerequisite involves wide dissemination of the philosophy of cooperation, that is, intensive national and international exchange experience among universities through creation of numerous collaborations, for example, international leagues and unions, regional consortia and groups, and professional associations and alliances.

Increase coherence, cooperation and cross-compliance of regulations on chemicals and water quality

An analysis of existing regulatory frameworks for chemicals reveals a fragmented situation with a number of regulatory frameworks designed for specific groups of chemicals; for protection of different end-points and covering different parts of the chemicals´ life cycle stages. Lack of- and fragmented information on chemicals (properties, use, emissions as well as fate, occurrence and effects in the environment) limit the ability for assessment and early action, and existing legislation would benefit from more transparency and openness of information and knowledge. To achieve harmonisation of existing legislation and an efficient control of chemical contamination of European waters, a solution-focused approach is proposed including increased ambitions (in monitoring, modelling, and risk assessment), cooperation and dialogue. More holistic and efficient development and implementation of existing legislation can be achieved by better cooperation, harmonisation and information exchange between different regulatory frameworks and by improved science–policy interactions. The introduction of an organisational structure and incentives for cooperation are proposed. Cooperation should focus on harmonisation of advanced monitoring activities, modelling, prioritisation, risk assessment and assessment of risk prevention (‘safe by design’) and minimisation options. A process for dialogue and information exchange between existing policy frameworks and with stakeholders (industry, NGO´s, etc.) should be included to identify feasible options for mitigation as well as regulatory gaps—on local and EU-scales. There is also a need to increase international cooperation and strengthen global agreements to cover the full life cycle of chemicals (produced and consumed globally) and for exchanging knowledge and experiences to allow early action. This recommended action would also provide knowledge and a framework for a shift towards a sustainable chemistry approach for chemical safety based on a “safe by design” concept.

The dynamic evolution of the characteristics of exchange rate risks in countries along "The Belt and Road" based on network analysis.

As of November 1, 2018, China's "One Belt and One Road" Initiative has involved 123 countries and promoted worldwide communication, cooperation and trade exchange. This paper constructs correlation networks of exchange rates among the countries along “The Belt and Road” and analyzes the risk contagion structure. It is found that when “The Belt and Road” initiative is initialized, countries in Eastern Europe occupy important positions in the network and play a vital role in the spreading of exchange rate risks; however, during the process of “The Belt and Road” initiative, the exchange rate risks are decentralized geographically, whereas they are centralized in countries that have in-depth communication and cooperation. The minimum Spanning Tree method is also proposed to investigate the structure of complex networks. It is found that the geographical link between exchange rate fluctuations and correlations among the countries has been strengthened while China has become an important node in the exchange rate network after the launch of “The Belt and Road” initiative. In addition, the influence and promotion of RMB has rapidly benefited from the initiative.

Jeopolitik Rekabetten Stratejik Ortaklığa: Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Türkiye - Rusya İlişkileri

Bu makale Turkiye-Rusya iliskilerinde farkli analitik perspektifleri incelemekte ve Soguk Savas’in sona ermesinden bu yana Turkiye - Rusya arasindaki iliskileri farkli boyutlariyla degerlendirmektedir. Makalede oncelikli olarak askeri isbirligi de dahil olmak uzere gelismekte olan siyasi iliskilere odaklanilmakta ve ardindan enerji isbirligini icerecek bicimde ekonomik iliskilerin gelisimi ele alinmaktadir. Makale ayni zamanda ikili iliskilerin sosyokulturel yonlerini degerlendirerek ozel olarak insan hareketlerine odaklanmaktadir. Iki ulkenin Soguk Savas sonrasi iliskilerini belirleyen ekonomik isbirligi ve kulturel mubadele dinamikleri pek cok ornekte farkli ulusal cikar tanimlarina dayanan jeopolitik rekabetin golgesinde kalmistir. Iki ulkenin de Batili ulkelerin politikalarindan duydugu rahatsizlik, catisan bolgesel cikarlara ve jeopolitik rekabete ragmen iki ulke arasindaki guclenen askeri/ siyasi isbirliginin ana nedenlerinden biri olarak gorulmektedir. Makalede, nihai olarak, farkli arastirma geleneklerinin Turkiye-Rusya iliskilerini aciklamak icin one cikardigi nedensel mekanizmalari secici ve coklu olarak birlestiren analitik acidan eklektik bir yaklasimin geregine vurgu yapilmaktadir.