Exchange Of Best Practices Research Articles

International cooperation in developing countries health systems: in-depth analyses from Gaslini Children Hospital

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a framework useful for identifying the elements that aim for success in the construction of collaborative governance and to investigate how international governance systems have characterized the international collaborative projects developed by the International Division of Gaslini Children Hospital in Genoa (Italy). Critical and successful factors in developing partnerships in the healthcare sector have been identified.Design/methodology/approachA total of 15 projects implemented by the Gaslini Hospital in collaboration with a global network of low and middle-income countries were examined using a content analysis of the project reports. Later, a conceptual framework proposed by Emerson and colleagues was used to design a theoretical map for investigating elements of international governance systems.FindingsA matrix developed in two categories (health cooperation and training, and exchange of best practices) and three branches of medicine (oncology, paediatrics and cardiology) made it possible to cluster the research projects. However, details of the collaborative process often overlooked by research on public-private partnerships emerged from the framework.Originality/valueThe growing demand for higher quality health services in low- and middle-income countries has led to an increasing number of partnerships with industrialized countries to enable access to wider resources and technologies and develop useful skills to adapt to changes in society. Through the application of collaborative governance’s framework to healthcare collaboration, different elements of the collaborative process emerged which have been previously neglected.

8.E. Workshop: One health approach to gain Youth engagement toward environmental issues

Abstract Humanization of care is involved in promoting healthy behaviors including harmonization with environment, implementing an educational model of “one health” approach. A strong emphasis is placed in our project on strengthening environmental awareness of the young generation through education and other forms of youth engagement. We built an educational project that involved schools (almost 200 students). Students had a “one -health “core curriculum focused on Medicine and environmental issues; spill over and environmental issues; green economy end mathematical models affecting environmental changes; architectural issues involving environment. After skill building classes Young students focused on three main issues that will be presented during the workshop: A liquid biopsy model to detect eventual pollutants A study concerning individual behavior impact A green sustainable architectural model The three issues were developed as proposal for: A model of Health vision based on multidisciplinary A Youth stand point concerning environmental actual proposal to implement the Green deal Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic concept useful to collect and analyze sample from different humans and animal matrices able to investigate the molecular features by blood, saliva, and any other body fluids which show a source of potential biomarkers. Further, particular strategies on the possible ways of regenerating the center of the cities to make it resilient to critical environmental impact, and models to redevelop the suburbs were developed. Finally, individual behaviors can affect either health care or environmental goals. The add value of this work may be to realize through citizen activism a powerful tool for climate action, sustainable development and environmental protection through Youth engagement toward an health model that include environmental determinants. Their stand point may be meaningful in order to gain proposals for the European Green Deal, according to the sub topic 1 objective: “specific educational programs, school curricula, trainings, networking activities and exchange of good practices in the area of climate change and education for sustainable development. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to study and to derive from different approach results regarding the connection between environment, humans and animals and with a new diagnostic genomic not-invasive approach. Key messages Youth engagement toward health and environmental issues may contribute to citizen activism. One health model is consistent with a multidisciplinary approach to care and environmental goals.

10.L. Workshop: City-level action to promote public health

Abstract With over 50% of the world's population living in cities, urban action on health is a foremost global priority. This workshop will highlight the essential role city governments play in developing and implementing policies and practices to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries. Although traditionally perceived as the domain of national governments, actions to protect citizens from risk factors- including air quality, speeding and unsafe road conditions- that cause NCDs and injuries are readily being adopted and implemented by cities. This is due to both the magnitude of the chronic disease and injury burden and the subsequent need for immediate action, and the proximity local governments have to directly changing environments to improve health outcomes. The World Health Organization's (WHO) European Healthy Cities Network has long supported cities in the region in their efforts to put health at the centre of their social, political and economic agendas. This work has been formative in drawing attention to the role of cities. The presentations in this panel will provide specific practice examples of the principles upheld by that network. The workshop will present a diverse set of case studies illuminating city responses to NCDs and injuries, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. By doing so, the discussion will demonstrate the value of what empowered, committed and well-resourced local governments - specifically Health and Transportation Departments - can do to reduce death and disability in urban settings. Showcasing these examples will also provide workshop participants with practical examples of how policy and practice are translated from the global and national to the local level in a variety of geographical settings, and the different ways in which context has been taken into account during implementation. The result will be an exchange of good practices that will hopefully spur other cities and relevant stakeholders to pursue similar interventions in their own municipalities. Key messages City-level action can effectively address leading risk factors to health. Exchanging learnings from city experiences can lead to replication and adaptation in other cities.

Focusing on inequalities and assessing vulnerabilities in the field to combat COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the existing health inequalities and highlighted many gaps in the European health care systems. This contribution will focus on the concepts of vulnerability and multiple vulnerability, as both have been discussed in the European Commission's Expert Panel on effective ways of investing in health (EXPH). The EXPH is the interdisciplinary expert group established by the European Commission to provide non-binding independent advice on matters related to effective, accessible and resilient health systems, to inform national policy making in improving the quality and sustainability of health systems, and to foster EU level cooperation towards improving information, expertise and the exchange of best practices. The equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, will be discussed as a public health and policymaking challenge, incl. in the context of socioeconomic determinants in relation to vaccination hesitancy. A list of actions to minimize the effect of pandemic in terms of health inequalities and vulnerabilities, including the role the integration of public health with primary care, with due consideration to the perception of risk, health literacy and risk communication. Special mention will also be made to the European Commissions' effort to develop comprehensive expert reports to inform policy making on key topics with due consideration to vulnerable populations and multiple determinants.

Digital Public Administration for Sustainable Development

The aim of our research is to highlight the main features and mechanisms of the digitalization of a public administration that would allow the promotion of a sustainable development and a more inclusive society. The proliferation of information and communication technologies in all fields along with the reporting of both economic and social benefits give us hope that these technologies will also find a role in the transformation, efficiency, or progress of public administration. The main research method was the bibliographic study, both descriptive and analytical. Through specialized software tools we highlighted the relationships and correlations between various concepts. The results obtained are encouraging and have highlighted the future courses of action, both theoretical approaches and the exchange of good practices.

431 - Establishing a Canadian National ECHO Educational Program focused on Mental Health of Older Adults

BackgroundProject ECHO is a virtual, case-based capacity-building education program for healthcare providers. It was developed in New Mexico, USA but, due to its effectiveness, the model has now spread to 40 countries around the globe. Baycrest, the Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health and the Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry collaborated to launch a national ECHO for mental health and aging. This partnership, coordinated by a cross-Canadian Steering Group, allows for broad reach, including registration of learning partners from almost all Canadian provinces and territories. The program was funded by the RBC Foundation.MethodsECHO COE: Mental Health pilot consisted of 2 cycles: 6 weekly sessions focused on broader mental health topics (e.g., delirium, mood disorders)10 weeks with more specific topics (e.g., substance use disorders, sleep disorders)Needs assessments of healthcare providers and older adults informed the program curricula. Evaluation included weekly satisfaction surveys, and pre and post evaluations.ResultsParticipants: 154 healthcare providers participated in the 6-week session39% of registrants were nurses or nurse practitioners, 35% allied health professionals, 14% physicians and 12% others9 out of 10 provinces, 1 territory representedPreliminary findings (based on the first 6 sessions): High overall satisfaction (average of 4.5 out of 5).99% would recommend the program to others67% had already shared information with team members and colleagues.ConclusionA national ECHO program is an effective way to bring together clinicians who work with and are interested in the mental health and wellbeing of older adults for education sessions, collaborative and mutual learning as well as for cross-jurisdictional knowledge transfer. Collaborative, cross-professional learning supports the exchange of best practice in mental health for older adults, supports the development of collegial national professional support and can address health system inequities. An international ECHO through IPA would be an exciting and valuable next step.

ОКРЕМІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ПОЛІЦЕЙСЬКИХ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ МВС УКРАЇНИ

Розкрито особливості підготовки поліцейських у закладах вищої освіти, що належать до сфери управління МВС України (відомчих закладів). Наголошено на узгодженні вітчизняної системи вищої освіти з європейськими стандартами. Надано увагу критичним зауваженням щодо подальших перспектив розвитку закладів вищої освіти МВС України. Аргументовано власну позицію щодо доцільності збереження функціонування відомчої системи підготовки поліцейських. Акцентовано на доцільності збереження підготовки поліцейських за спеціальністю 081 «Право» у закладах вищої освіти МВС України. Найголовнішими особливостями підготовки поліцейських у закладах вищої освіти МВС України визначено такі: а) послідовна адаптація до вимог та особливостей поліцейської діяльності; б) успішне поєднання теоретичних підходів у здобутті юридичних знань із практикою реалізації законодавства, що відбувається під час навчання з використанням елементів поліцейського квесту; в) уніфікація навчально-методичних матеріалів, доступних у дистанційному режимі, що має сприяти обміну найкращими практиками та доступу до знань у будь-який час через мережу «Інтернет».

University Partnerships Management in Times of Pandemics – Mission (Im)Possible

Background. The main challenges, faced by the international departments of the European universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, result from the need for fast adaptation, entirely online interaction with national and international partners, the huge amount of work, the absence of established guidelines and information about the procedures for acting under the unknown circumstances. During the coronavirus crisis the university international departments adopted a key role of communication centres with the world outside and turned into hubs for information exchange. Aim. This article aims to present and analyse the communication at the beginning of the COVID – 19 pandemic between the academic partners of the Medical University of Varna at international level with a focus on the partners under „Erasmus+“ programme in the period March – September 2020. There are four main accents of the study: 1) information about the current conditions in the countries, from which the international partners come, about the stage and the course of the disease, the changes in the training process and the state of the mobility; 2) contact with the universities with which activities are planned in the framework of bilateral agreements for academic cooperation; 3) participation in online international events; and 4) training and exchange of good practices for university partnerships and mobility management in times of COVID-19. Material and methods. Based on written documantation, electronic and virtual communication as well as the reports and observations of the officers working at the Department of International Relations and the team of the „Erasmus+“ programme, an analysis was performed of the communication during the pandemic and the impact of the social distancing on the international partnerships of the Medical University of Varna, the changes in the channels used for communication and the overall process of communication and operational activities. Results. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, the summer internships and practices which became traditional for the last seven years with partner medical universities in Moscow and St. Petersburg (Russia) and Kharkiv (Ukraine) had to be cancelled. Two new agreements for academic cooperation were signed and one was resumed. Two international events were organized by Varna Medical University, in which the teams of the Department of International Relations and „Erasmus+“ programme took an active part. For the studied period of six months in the field of international cooperation, the Medical University participated in twenty online trainings, virtual meetings and conferences, organized by partner organisations, whose member Varna Medical University is. Some of them include the European University Association, the Black Sea Universities Network, the European Health Management Association and the World Health Organisation. Conclusions. The communication with the European partners proved crucial under pandemic conditions, characterized by unpredictability and uncertainty. The international communication and the teams working at the international relations departments, including that at the Medical University of Varna, consolidated and extended their role of university centres for communication with international partners and information exchange with them. This is most prominently reflected in the entirely changed range and type of communication, especially concerning the „Erasmus+“ mobility, in which the students’ and academic staff health protection and safety become key issues. A marked trend is observed of shifting toward online communication, in which the partners communicate from a distance in real time. The traditional fora with physical presence make room for the virtual events, the webinars and virtual conferences becoming a standard in international communication. The numerous unprecedented situations and cases with which the departments of international relations have to cope, can be successfully resolved with fast response, creative thinking in the very course of the pandemic. The unexpected and comprehensive extraordinary situation is a great challenge for the international partnerships but also a preparation for the future. It demonstrates the sustainability of communication, the constructive relations and the good results.

Adapting a capacity-development-in-higher-education project: Doing, being and becoming virtual collaboration

In November 2019, scholars and practitioners from ten higher education institutions celebrated the launch of the iKudu project. This project, co-funded by Erasmus+[1], focuses on capacity development for curriculum transformation through internationalisation and development of Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) virtual exchange. Detailed plans for 2020 were discussed including a series of site visits and face-to-face training. However, the realities of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the plans in ways that could not have been foreseen and new ways of thinking and doing came to the fore. Writing from an insider perspective as project partners, in this paper we draw from appreciative inquiry, using a metaphor of a mosaic as our identity, to first provide the background on the iKudu project before sharing the impact of the pandemic on the project’s adapted approach. We then discuss how alongside the focus of iKudu in the delivery of an internationalised and transformed curriculum using COIL, we have, by our very approach as project partners, adopted the principles of COIL exchange. A positive impact of the pandemic was that COIL offered a consciousness raising activity, which we suggest could be used more broadly in order to help academics think about international research practice partnerships, and, as in our situation, how internationalised and decolonised curriculum practices might be approached. [1] KA2 Erasmus+ Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices (capacity building in the field of Higher Education)

Investigating an International Exchange of Best Practices

As educators, it is the responsibility of teacher librarians to prepare students to become productive and responsible members of society. In this age of information, jobs require cognitive, personal, and interpersonal skills such as “innovative thinking and solving skills, effective communication skills, teamwork, and the ability to manage information effectively” (AASL, 2009, p. 7). In order to prepare students for living and working in today’s world, traditional instructional practices and beliefs of teacher librarianship have to change and adapt to meet the needs of the learners. This research investigates an international exchange of best practices between German and American teacher librarians as an effort to learn about changing practices of teacher librarians. The context of institutional ethnography offers a critical approach for understanding the institution that is teacher librarianship and the organization of professional practices of teacher librarians on an international level.

SUCCESSES AND FAILURES BORNE OUT OF HAVING OR NOT HAVING MULTI-AGENCY LAWS, POLICIES, DOCTRINES, AND STRATEGIES REGARDING TERROR RESPONSE COORDINATION

Terrorism has had been a real menace facing Kenya over the years.The study question sought to find out the successes and failures borne out of having/not having multi-agency laws, policies, doctrines and strategies regarding terror response coordination.Based on the mixed methods and exploratory research designs data was collected from a sample of 97. These were drawn from a target population of 3400 which included all the members of the Kenya Defense Forces Special Operations Forces (KDF SoFs), the National Police Service (NPS) Recce squad, ATPU Officers, policy level military, intelligence and police officersand a few members of academia. The target population is estimated at 3400 personnel from which a sample of 97 was obtained. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews whilesecondary data was also obtained using desk review of relevant literature. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings show that the existence of structural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya had led to effective response through standardizations of operation guidelines, better sharing of information, joint training and exchange of best practices among the various responders. This was evidenced in the Dusit D2 Attack in which synchronization of operations showed better response to the attack by the various operational and tactical teams as compared to the Westgate Attack. Lastly, it is evident that Kenya is yet to know that it has dealt with the terrorism menace. This can only be attested when the country stays for a long period of time without an attack, say more than 5 years.Basedon the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made. There is need for domesticating the existentstructural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya so as to enhance the effectiveness of response to terrorism through standardizations of operation guidelines, better sharing of information, joint training and exchange of best practices among the various responders. Regular review of any gaps in the existing structural and legal frameworks should be undertaken and measures put in place to bridge those gaps through continuous legislation.

ЦЕНТР АГРОКОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ ЯК ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ АГРАРНИМ СЕКТОРОМ

The article identifies the main theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of the agricultural competence center (AC) on an innovative basis. It is proposed to introduce the best world practice of the Extension system as a basis, which will enable the subjects of the agricultural sector to improve the methods of agriculture and technology through educational and practical activities, targeted transfer of know-how. The formation of the AC region in the context of cluster development is the basis for increasing the competitiveness of the agar sector of the region and the country as a whole. It should concentrate on ensuring equal competitive conditions for all actors of the agricultural sector. The main purpose of creating AC on an innovative basis in the region is to consolidate the efforts of government, business and science for economic development of the region, aimed at solving socio-economic problems. Within the framework of the regional AC, the organization of Agribusiness Incubators is proposed, which will provide a rapid increase in the level of innovation and stability in the agricultural sector of the economy. The main strategic prospects for the development of AC have been identified. AC allows for greater flexibility, adaptability and mobility of the association. As a result, the form of cooperation will provide an opportunity to ensure: interaction of scientific and educational institutions, authorities, agribusiness structures and their public organizations to obtain a synergistic effect; reduction of total costs for research and development of innovations with their subsequent commercialization due to high efficiency of production and technological structure; more efficient use of infrastructural and scientific potential of the region; implementation of potentially significant financial and innovation-investment projects; mobilization of disparate investment resources, their accumulation and transformation into productive capital. Proposed the creation of Agribusiness Incubators within the regional AC, which are a key element of strategy in the agricultural sector to rapidly increase the level of innovation and stability in the agricultural sector of the region and the country as a whole. The creation of Agribusiness Incubators will increase the economic potential of entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector and create conditions for self-employment in the region. The agribusiness incubator will be a platform for public-private dialogue, training and exchange of best practices in the agricultural sector. The creation of the proposed AC is a tool for leveling the global challenges facing the region and the state as a whole. Such global challenges may include demographic decline and urbanization, increased competition, the growing role of digital technologies and the shift of quality jobs from production and marketing to the digital plane, investors' willingness to return on investment and, consequently, their unwillingness to invest in the industry.

The use of fishban in the study of literature

This article discusses Fishbone, one of the techniques for identifying, analyzing, and planning the causes and effects of a problem, and discusses how such learning tools can help shape logical thinking. The upper bones are small problems that arise from the main problem (in the vertical diagram we enter the problems to the left). The lower bones are facts that confirm these problems (in the vertical form we write the evidence to the right). Tail - the author's logical conclusion, solution or question answer. The transition to a completely new modular education system, the introduction of the latest technologies in the educational process, professional development and the exchange of best practices are important conditions for the development of education. Every event that happens has its own cause and effect. You can find out by filling in the fish skeleton. The advantage of Professor Ishikawa's graphic organizer is huge.

Convergence of employers’ and students’ expectations in the educational environment of the agricultural university

In the digital age, a modern university is becoming a driver for the development of complex multi-agent ecosystems and a supplier of a new type of human resources, characterized not only by intellectual potential and high qualifications but also by such qualities in demand in the labor market as creativity, critical thinking, the need for continuous learning and “agency”, which is understood as the ability to self-organize and proactivity [1]. The education system and universities themselves face challenges that force us to turn to the once-actual ideas of integration and convergence, which can fulfill the increased need to achieve synergy effects and multiplier indicators that contribute to achieving high ratings in a short time. It is convergent processes that lie at the heart of the developing communicative space of the university today, whose activities are based on the intersection of the interests and expectations of various actors, which are implemented on multi-agent platforms. At the same time, the opportunities that are opening up due to the rapid introduction of digital technologies require restructuring the space of interactions between subjects towards the formation of flexible forms, network models, alliances, virtual corporations, connecting clusters built on the principles of active cooperation, exchange of best practices and developments.

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN TRADE IN SERVICES RELATED TO TOURISM AND TRAVEL IN THE EU

Objective. The objective of the article is to highlight the key trends in the development of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel in the EU countries. Methods. To achieve the set tasks and goals, the following research methods are used in the work: systematic and complex analysis, computational and analytical (to identify key trends in the development of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel in the EU), graphic and tabular methods (for visualization of statistical material). Results. The main principles of the EU tourism policy are outlined, aimed at maintaining Europe’s position as a leading tourist destination while maximizing the industry’s contribution to growth and employment, as well as promoting cooperation between EU countries, in particular through the exchange of best practices. The analysis of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel in 2016–2018 in the EU countries, using the data of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, the World Trade Organization, the World Tourism Organization, revealed the key trends, namely: 1) key exporters of services related to tourism and travel in the EU are Spain, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany; 2) the largest increase in the volume of exports of services related to tourism and travel in the EU countries was recorded in Romania, Portugal, Finland, Slovenia, and Poland; 3) the leaders among the countries-importers of services related to tourism and travel in the EU are Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Spain; 4) the largest increase in the volume of imports of services related to tourism and travel in the EU countries was recorded in Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Spain, and Cyprus; 5) EU countries that dominate in foreign trade turnover of services related to tourism and travel are Germany, Great Britain, France, Spain, Italy; 6) the largest positive balance of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel among the EU countries was recorded in Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, and Austria; 7) the largest negative balance of foreign trade in services related to tourism and travel among the EU countries was recorded in Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany.

Історичний аспект охорони пам’яток культурної спадщини за кордоном та його значення для пам’яткоохоронної галузі України

Історичний аспект охорони пам’яток культурної спадщини за кордоном та його значення для пам’яткоохоронної галузі України

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: FROM ITS ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT DAY

The aim: Is to examine the establishment and development of the international legal framework in the field of public health; to identify objects of public health regulation; to outline ways to improve and develop the existing public health standards, taking into account new challenges facing humanity. Materials and methods: The research is based on the analysis of international agreements of universal and regional levels on public health, and scientific achievements in this field. The methodological basis comprises special and general methods, in particular, dialectical, axiological, formal, and other methods. Conclusions: The international community makes significant efforts to develop regulations in the field of public health. The emergence of these acts is associated with the emergence of a problem that affects the health of many categories of people, tends to spread rapidly, and results in significant damage to public health. Unfortunately, the objects of regulation of such agreements tend to expand due to the emergence of new challenges to human health, the evolution of diseases, and the factors that determine their occurrence. It is considered necessary to unite the efforts of the world community in order to improve the situation in the field of public health. These efforts should include: greater accession to international agreements in the field of public health; organisation of international cooperation to assist in combating the spread of new diseases, including the development of medicines, vaccines, exchange of best practices in this field, etc.; carrying out preventive medical measures at the national level, educational work among the whole population on the observance of sanitary norms, norms of hygiene, consequences of use of harmful substances (narcotic and psychotropic substances, tobacco, etc.), and so on.

Structural and Legal Frameworks Guiding Multi-Agency Operations and Countering Terrorism in Kenya

Kenya has in the last decade been faced by a constant terror threat from al-Shabaab, ISIS and al Qaeda. This study sets out to assess the effects of structural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya. The study questions were as follows: Are there existing or lack thereof of multi-agency strategic policies on coordination in response to international terrorism in Kenya? The study adopted mixed methods and exploratory research designs. The target population was all the members of the Kenya Defense Forces Special Operations Forces (KDF SoFs), the National Police Service (NPS) Recce squad, and ATPU Officers as well as policy level Military, Intelligence and Police Officers. The target population is estimated at 3400 personnel from which a sample of 97 was obtained. The used primary data collected from the respondents using mainly questionnaires and interviews as well as secondary data that was obtained from library-based research via books, e-books, journals, government publications, and published thesis, among other reputable academic publications. The data collected from questionnaires were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The findings were presented in descriptive statistics, tables, graphs, charts and inferential statistics. On its part, data from interviews were analyzed thematically based on the objectives so as to establish the key themes and trends from which findings, conclusions, and recommendations were drawn. The study findings make it manifest that the existence of structural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya had led to effective response through standardizations of operation guidelines, better sharing of information, joint training and exchange of best practices among the various responders. This was evidenced in the Dusit D2 Attack in which synchronization of operations showed better response to the attack by the various operational and tactical teams as compared to the Westgate Attack. The study recommends that there is need for multinational frameworks for undertaking financing and creation of joint information infrastructure for security agencies so as to reign in on international terrorism in the East African Region.

The Role of the Arctic Economic Council in the International Legal Framework of the Arctic Ocean Environmental Governing

INTRODUCTION. The article covers the legal aspects of the establishment of a new international forum – the Arctic Economic Council – and its role in the existing international legal framework for governing the Arctic Ocean, including the Arctic seas. The status and the functioning of the said international forum, particularly with regard to the activities within its Working Groups, have been examined based on the analysis of the documents adopted by the forum since its establishment. Special attention has been paid to the legal analysis of the coordination of the newly established forum with the Arctic Council and the prospects of such institutional cooperation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research done by the authors on the relevant documents released by the Artic Council, in the context of legal and scientific sources on the topic of the Arctic Ocean and its seas, as well as on the Reports of the Arctic Economic Council submitted to the Senior Officials of the Arctic Council, underlies this article. The article also takes into consideration political and legal research of the Arctic Council’s work, aimed at the sustainable development of the economic activities in the region, as well as respective archive documents from the electronic database of the Arctic Council, including relevant press releases.RESEARCH RESULTS. The Arctic Economic Council (AEC), established upon the initiative of the Arctic Council in 2014, is a new circumpolar business-forum, which aims at fostering the sustainable development of the Arctic region by substantive cooperation with the entrepreneurs, carrying out economic activities in the region or planning to do so. The new international organization has the potential to become an effective international legal mechanism to promote greener economies in the Arctic; meanwhile, the organization is yet to become a constructive platform for dialogue on fostering the economic activities in the region.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The AEC foundational documents determine the structure and the course of action of the organization. The article, nevertheless, suggests that the executives and the Secretary of this newly established international forum ensure that the business representatives, committed to conduct activities in the Arctic, seek to comply with the international environmental standards, applicable to the Arctic; particularly that, subject to the unique vulnerability of the Arctic environment, an exchange of best practices takes place. Moreover, in view of the increased shipping and growth of other marine activities in the region, the Arctic business standards not only need to be more environmentally oriented, but also take into account the possibility of diversifying the Arctic economy. The AEC could focus its efforts on enhancing the quality of the regional regulation of the economic activities in the Arctic, paying particular attention to the coordinated self-regulative measures of the legal entities in different countries. In this case, its activities may prove to be more relevant and effective.

ДИПЛОМАТІЯ ПІД ЧАС ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19: ЇЇ РОЛЬ ТА НАСЛІДКИ У СФЕРІ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ ТА МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИН

The article is about the pandemic that has swept the whole world today. Life in a pandemic will become a new norm for everyone, consulates, and embassies, international organizations are no exception. It also leads to a rethinking of diplomacy and it in the work of international relations, in their dangerous activities, international support and international mutual assistance. In international practice, the use of digitalization, social platforms, video conferencing, which is already becoming an alternative way of conducting international activity, is becoming increasingly important. Diplomacy will move to a digital format and this is now gaining more effective importance in the work of embassies. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the work of diplomacy and international relations during the COVID-19 pandemic, their difficulties during this period, the consequences and joining of efforts, the exchange of best practices in the face of new challenges to society. The methodological and methodological approaches to studying the problems of diplomacy and international relations during a pandemic, their role and ways of countering the spread of COVID-19, effective intergovernmental interaction are disclosed. The fight against the pandemic is still ongoing in Ukraine, all embassies and consulates, international organizations play the most important role, which forces us to adapt to new realities and shows how difficult, but extremely necessary, the work of diplomats is now.