Excessive Working Hours Research Articles

Peri-operative night-time work of anaesthesiologists: A qualitative study of critical issues and proposals.

Qualitative data on the opinions of anaesthesiologists regarding the impact of peri-operative night-time working conditions on patient safety are lacking. This study aimed to achieve in-depth understanding of anaesthesiologists' perceptions regarding the impact of night-time working conditions on peri-operative patient safety and actions that may be undertaken to mitigate perceived risks. Qualitative analysis of responses to two open-ended questions. Online platform questionnaire promoted by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC). The survey sample consisted of an international cohort of anaesthesiologists. We identified and classified recurrent themes in the responses to questions addressing perceptions regarding (Q1) peri-operative night-time working conditions, which may affect patient safety and (Q2) potential solutions. We analysed 2112 and 2113 responses to Q1 and Q2, respectively. The most frequently reported themes in relation to Q1 were a perceived reduction in professional performance accompanied by concerns regarding the possible consequences of work with fatigue (27%), and poor working conditions at night-time (35%). The most frequently proposed solutions in response to Q2 were a reduction of working hours and avoidance of 24-h shifts (21%), an increase in human resources (14%) and performance of only urgent or emergency surgeries at night (14%). Overall, the surveyed anaesthesiologists believe that workload-to-staff imbalance and excessive working hours were potential bases for increased peri-operative risk for their patients, partly because of fatigue-related medical errors during night-time work. The performance of nonemergency elective surgical cases at night and lack of facilities were among the reported issues and potential targets for improvement measures. Further studies should investigate whether countermeasures can improve patient safety as well as the quality of life of anaesthesia professionals. Regulations to improve homogeneity, safety, and quality of anaesthesia practice at night seem to be urgently needed.

Fatigue among anaesthesiologists in Europe: Findings from a joint EBA/NASC survey.

Anaesthesiologists deliver an increasing amount of patient care and often work long hours in operating theatres and intensive care units, with frequent on-calls and insufficient rest in between. In the long term, this will negatively influence mental and physical health and well being. As fatigue becomes more prevalent, this has predictable implications for patient safety and clinical effectiveness. 1. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, causes and implications of work-related fatigue amongst specialist anaesthesiologists. An online survey of specialist anaesthesiologists. The survey was sent to anaesthesiologists in 42 European countries by electronic mail. Responses from a 36-item online survey assessed work-related fatigue and its impact on anaesthesiologists in European countries. Work-related fatigue was experienced in 91.6% of the 1508 respondents from 32 European countries. Fatigue was caused by their working patterns, clinical and nonclinical workloads, staffing issues and excessive work hours. Over 70% reported that work-related fatigue negatively impacted on their physical and mental health, emotional well being and safe commuting. Most respondents did not feel supported by their organisation to maintain good health and well being. Work-related fatigue is a significant and widespread problem amongst anaesthesiologists. More education and increased awareness of fatigue and its adverse effects on patient safety, staff well being and physical and mental health are needed. Departments should ensure that their rotas and job plans comply with the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) and introduce a fatigue risk management system to mitigate the effects of fatigue.

Existing workloads among managers and healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Meanings in the Amazon context.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has increased the concern and risks of health professionals exposed by acting on the front lines in combating and controlling the spread of the virus. This study aims at analyzing the workloads and their implications for the activities carried out by managers and health workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. This is a qualitative study, of the case study type, that integrates a macro research that deals with the experiences built during the confrontation of the pandemic of COVID-19 in the capital of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, the epicenter of the pandemic in the country. Data production resorted to documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with 56 managers or professionals from the Manaus Health Care Network. The analytical process was supported by the resources of the Atlas.ti 8.0 software and the precepts of Thematic Networks analysis. The thematic network "workloads" brought together three topics related to the experience of psychological, physiological and biological loads. Psychological workloads were strongly present in the work routine, being referred to in a more significant way. The sources that increase them are strongly related to work stress, dealing with suffering and death and excess demand on the service. Physiological loads were related to excessive working hours, staff shortages and activity overload. "Biological burdens" include exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, constant contact with infected individuals, and individual protection as key elements of this set. The study showed that both managers and workers have work processes and environments with conditions that tend to generate workloads that harm their health and safety, as well as institutions and patient care. Therefore, there is a need for more effective organizational actions in workers' health surveillance, disease prevention, adequate working conditions, reducing workloads and promoting more resolute and less stressful work environments.

Labour conditions in dual-cadre community health worker programmes: a systematic review

Health care delivered by community health workers reduces morbidity and mortality while providing a considerable return on investment. Despite growing consensus that community health workers, a predominantly female workforce, should receive a salary, many community health worker programmes take the form of dual-cadre systems, where a salaried cadre of community health workers works alongside a cadre of unsalaried community health workers. We aimed to determine the presence, prevalence, and magnitude of exploitation in national dual-cadre programmes. We did a systematic review of available evidence from peer-reviewed databases and grey literature from database inception to Aug 2, 2021, for studies on unsalaried community health worker cadres in dual-cadre systems. Editorials, protocols, guidelines, or conference reports were excluded in addition to studies about single-tier community health worker programmes and those reporting on only salaried cadres of community health workers in a dual-cadre system. We extracted data on remuneration, workload, task complexity, and self-reported experiences of community health workers. Three models were created: a minimum model with the shortest time and frequency per task documented in the literature, a maximum model with the longest time, and a median model. Labour exploitation was defined as being engaged in work below the country's minimum wage together with excessive work hours or complex tasks. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021271500. We included 117 reports from 112 studies describing community health workers in dual-cadre programmes across 19 countries. The majority of community health workers were female. 13 (59%) of 22 unsalaried community health worker cadres and one (10%) of ten salaried cadres experienced labour exploitation. Three (17%) of 18 unsalaried community health workers would need to work more than 40 h per week to fulfil their assigned responsibilities. Unsalaried community health worker cadres frequently reported non-payment, inadequate or inconsistent payment of incentives, and an overburdensome workload. Unsalaried community health workers in dual-cadre programmes often face labour exploitation, potentially leading to inadequate health-care provision. Labour laws must be upheld and the creation of professional community health worker cadres with fair contracts prioritised, international funding allocated to programmes that rely on unsalaried workers should be transparently reported, the workloads of community health workers should be modelled a priori and actual time use routinely assessed, community health workers should have input in policies that affect them, and volunteers should not be responsible for the delivery of essential health services. None.

Long working hours and all-cause mortality in China: A 26-year follow-up study.

The relationship between long working hours and the risk of mortality has been debated in various countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between long working hours and all-cause mortality in a large population-based cohort in China. This retrospective cohort study (N=10 269) used a large, nationally representative data set [the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS)] from 1989 to 2015. Long working hours (≥55 hours per week) were compared to standard working hours (35-40 hours per week). The outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was calculated from Cox proportional hazards regression models, with stratified analyses to assess differences in mortality risk among subgroups. Among the participants, 411 deaths (3.52 per 1000 person-years) occurred during a median follow-up of 11.0 (range 4.0-18.0) years. After adjusting for covariates, long working hours were associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR 1.49, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.02-2.18]. Stratified analyses revealed that this association was present only among men (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15-2.75) and smoking participants (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05-2.57). This study provides evidence of an association between long working hours and all-cause mortality, which is specifically observed among men and smokers. Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce excessive working hours and identify individuals at elevated risk, with support from labor organizations, policymakers, and employers.

Association between long working hours and cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and risky alcohol use: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2021)

BackgroundLong working hours cause adverse health outcomes; however, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. We examined the association between long working hours and health behaviors, as well as gender differences in this association. MethodsA nationally representative sample of 26,385 Korean workers was analyzed. The exposure variable was self-reported weekly working hours. The outcomes examined were cigarette smoking, high-level physical activity (defined as engaging in ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity), and risky alcohol use (defined as consuming seven glasses for men or five glasses for women of alcohol in a single sitting, twice or more per week). Logistic regression models were utilized, and gender differences were examined by incorporating interaction terms into the regression models. ResultsAmong 26,385 workers, 4,109 (16%) worked ≥55 h/week. The prevalence of cigarette smoking, high-level physical activity, and risky alcohol use was 19%, 18%, and 14%, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the association between working ≥55 h/week and outcomes was 1.26 (1.12–1.43) for cigarette smoking, 0.73 (0.65–0.83) for high-level physical activity, and 0.95 (0.83–1.08) for risky alcohol use compared to working 35–40 h/week. A moderating effect of gender on the association between long working hours and risky alcohol use was observed. The OR (95% CI) of the association between working ≥55 h/week was 0.88 (0.76–1.02) in men and 1.51 (1.12–2.05) in women. ConclusionOur findings emphasize the need for policy interventions aimed at reducing excessive working hours and fostering healthy lifestyle behaviors among individuals engaged in long working hours.

Exploring Human Traffickers’ Means of Control: What Does Citizenship Got to Do with It?

ABSTRACT Human trafficking is a worldwide problem, affecting millions across the globe. With deepening globalization and widening economic disparities, migration is rising, and research is needed to understand the relationship between human trafficking and migration, and the ways traffickers exploit migrants. This study examines the following two questions: (1) What is the relationship between citizenship and the various means of control used by traffickers in destination countries? (2) Do non-citizen victims experience more coercive and deceptive tactics from the traffickers than victims with citizenship in the countries of exploitation? This exploratory study uses data from the 2017 Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative, which contains 25,064 human trafficking cases from 52 countries, to explore the relationship between 14 different means of control and citizenship. The results indicate that victims reported that traffickers use more means of control on non-citizen victims. Specifically, non-citizen victims are more likely to report being controlled through 12 of the 14 means of control – debt bondage, taking earnings, threats, psychological abuse, physical abuse, false promises, restricting movements, restricting medical care, excessive working hours, threats of law enforcement, withholding necessities, and withholding documents. Victims with citizenship are more likely to report being controlled through sexual abuse and psychoactive substances.

Working hours and the onset of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms: A 10-year nationwide longitudinal study in South Korea (2012–2022)

Long working hours are associated with adverse health outcomes. We investigated the association between working hours and suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. We analyzed a nationally representative sample of 11,116 Korean workers, comprising 64,661 observations from 2012 to 2022, to investigate how working hours were associated with mental health problems. To account for repeated measurements in each participant, we employed a generalized estimating equation to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of the total observations, 13.1% reported working ≥55 h/week. The RR (95% CI) of the association between long working hours and onset of suicidal ideation in the subsequent year was 1.20 (0.95–1.53) for 41–48 h, 1.35 (1.02–1.78) for 49–54 h, and 1.56 (1.23–1.98) for ≥55 h/week, compared to 35–40 h/week. The RR (95% CI) of the association between long working hours and onset of depressive symptoms in the subsequent year was 1.19 (1.07–1.34) for 41–48 h, 1.11 (0.97–1.28) for 49–54 h, and 1.24 (1.10–1.40) for ≥55 h per week, compared to 35–40 h/week. Those working fewer than 35 h/week also had an increased risk of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. Policy interventions are needed to reduce excess working hours and protect workers’ mental health.

Opportunities and challenges of using workforce big data: Insights from a mixed methods study on flexible working

AbstractThis Practice and Policy paper presents reflections on the opportunities and challenges of using a novel big data set, Microsoft 365 digital activity records, in a mixed method study of flexible working. Our experience identified methodological and ethical considerations for practitioners and researchers in public sector workforce analytics. The benefits include data captured in situ and over time for all employees. The limitations reflect the inadequacy of big data for representing the complexity of organisational behaviour and the need to accompany data collection with systems ensuring employee privacy and consent for the use of data not originally recorded for research or evaluation purposes. It contributes to knowledge through providing insights into what public sector big data sets contain and how such data can be accessed, interpreted, and used in workforce decision‐making.Points for practitioners Digital activity records are a useful form of big data for public sector workforce analytics. Digital activity records can support the identification of potential risks within the workforce such as social isolation and excessive work hours. Big data must be contextualised with qualitative or other additional data to interpret data patterns and generate meaningful implementation insights. Privacy and consent processes may require revision to fully utilise workforce big data.

Türkiye Eğitim Sisteminde Göç ve Yabancı Öğrencilerin Adaptasyon Sürecinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this study is to examine the migration and adaptation process of foreign students in the Turkish education system. The word meaning of education is the development of a person's physical and mental abilities, learning social rules and adapting to society. Education is the process of adults purposefully and consciously transferring the current culture to the younger generations. According to the social scientist Durkheim, education is an action that adults apply to younger generations who are not ready for social life. Education systems vary from country to country. Countries have their own unique social, cultural, economic and political structures. Education systems, on the other hand, refer to the structure created for the implementation of the current educational policies of countries. Considering that the most important part of education systems is human, it is understood how sensitive the education system should be in the creation process and should also include perspectives for the future. Today, education is an activity carried out in places called classrooms in schools. The classroom is the basic environment in which teaching takes place. The classrooms located in the school are the areas where learning and teaching activities are carried out where the teacher and the student are face-to-face. This fact, which constitutes an invaluable situation in terms of our country's ongoing and developing industrial investments, market mechanism and employer interests, has also been evaluated positively from the point of view of state managers. Only qualified and qualified asylum seekers do not create opportunities for our country in terms of labor. In addition, unqualified asylum seekers also do not hesitate to do jobs that require physical strength and effort and cause much more effort, which Turkish citizens do not want to do or avoid doing, with low wages and excessive working hours. This workforce also includes foreign students of school age. Although this situation may be in the interests of state administrators, it is not in the interests of citizens. Because foreign students who receive low wages and work with excessive working hours take away from themselves the work that Turkish citizens will do. While foreign nationals have not yet taken refuge in our country, foreigners are doing the jobs that our country's citizens are doing today. Key Words: Turkey's Education System, Migration, Foreign Students, Adaptation

Excessive workload and insufficient night-shift remuneration are key elements of dissatisfaction at work for French neonatologists.

Neonatologists are exposed to ethical issues and unplanned emergencies that require 24-h in-house coverage. These elements may affect quality of life at work, which we surveyed. This was a self-administered, voluntary and anonymous cross-sectional survey of French neonatologists. An online questionnaire was sent to members of the French Society of Neonatology from June to October 2022. Of approximately 1500 possible responses, 721 were analysed, with a response rate of 48%. Respondents were mostly women (77%), aged 35-50 years (50%), and hospital practitioners (63%). Reported weekly working time was over 50 h for 80%. Among the 650 neonatologists with on-call duty, 47% worked ≥5 shifts per month. For 80% of practitioners, on-call duty was perceived to have a negative impact on personal life; 49% indicated having sleep disorders. The mean satisfaction score at work was 5.7 ± 1.7 on a scale of 0-10. The main reasons for dissatisfaction were excessive working hours and insufficient remuneration for on-call duty. This first evaluation of the quality of life at work of French neonatologists showed high workload. The working conditions and specificities of NICU activity may have significant consequences for their mental health.

Performance-Focused Human Resource Development In IT Consulting Firms

Performance-focused human resource development in IT consulting firms. The purpose of implementing this program is to find out the management of human resources that occurs in the company, how companies manage human resources so that performance i mprovements can occur in IT consulting companies and what efforts have been made by companies to manage their companies that have an impact on improving performance as well as what assessment methods used by companies to measure employee performance. Problems that arise such as excessive working hours and other problems can be found in this new start-up company. The method used in this activity is online (using the Zoom us application, Google Meet) and face-to-face. The results of the research conducted indicate that employee performance is very good, companies can find solutions to their employee performance problems by providing some training, mentoring to bonuses that can increase motivation so that employee performance can increase and have a good influence on employees. The company uses the graph rating scale method and the alternative ranking method, where the employee who gets the top rank will be given an annual bonus by the company.

Analisis Kebijakan Kualifikasi Kesehatan Dan Standar Pengawakan Terhadap Kinerja Awak Kapal Bedasarkan Penerapan MLC 2006

Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006 is a standard level of manning when establishing, approving or revising the level of manning, the competent authority is obliged to pay attention to the need for working hours or minimize excess working hours, as well as the principles of applicable international instruments, in particular from the International Maritime Organization regarding the level of manning. The purpose of this study is to analyze health qualification policies and manning standards for crew performance based on the application of MLC 2006 in PT. Dhama Lautan Utama Semarang Branch. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative where the sample used was 6 people. The data analysis technique uses the SWOT analysis method using the calculation process of IFAS (Internal Strategy Factor Analysis), EFAS (External Strategy Factor Analysis) and SWOT Analysis diagram using a likert model scale. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that there are internal and external influences on health qualification policies and manning standards on the performance of ship crews based on the 2006 Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) in PT. Dharma Lautan Utama, Semarang branch. Using SWOT IFAS and EFAS analysis in the calculation of external factors, the value is 0.667 internal while internal factors of 1,063 have a higher value than opportunity-threat. This shows that the optimization of strenght and opportunity in the development of corporate strategy.

Overtime work, job autonomy, and employees' subjective well-being: Evidence from China.

Chinese workers suffer more from overtime than in many countries. Excessive working hours can crowd out personal time and cause work-family imbalance, affecting workers' subjective well-being. Meanwhile, self-determination theory suggests that higher job autonomy may improve the subjective well-being of employees. Data came from the 2018 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS 2018). The analysis sample consisted of 4,007 respondents. Their mean age was 40.71 (SD = 11.68), and 52.8% were males. This study adopted four measures of subjective well-being: happiness, life satisfaction, health status, and depression. Confirmation factor analysis was employed to extract the job autonomy factor. Multiple linear regression methods were applied to examine the relationship between overtime, job autonomy, and subjective well-being. Overtime hours showed weak association with lower happiness (β = -0.002, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (β = -0.002, p < 0.01), and health status (β = -0.002, p < 0.001). Job autonomy was positively related to happiness (β = 0.093, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (β = 0.083, p < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between involuntary overtime and subjective well-being. Involuntary overtime might decrease the level of happiness (β = -0.187, p < 0.001), life satisfaction (β = -0.221, p < 0.001), and health status (β = -0.129, p < 0.05) and increase the depressive symptoms (β = 1.157, p < 0.05). While overtime had a minimal negative effect on individual subjective well-being, involuntary overtime significantly enlarged it. Improving individual's job autonomy is beneficial for individual subjective well-being.

Exhaust Valve Leakage Analysis on Main Engine at KM. Tonasa Lines XV

The exhaust valve is one of the components on the main engine that functions to close and open the flow of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber or liner, both in four-stroke and two-stroke diesel engines. The research was carried out for ±10 months on the Tonasa Line XV ship. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of the exhaust valve leak. Primary data were obtained directly through interviews with related parties. Secondary data is obtained from data collection institutions and published to the data user community, in this study in the form of journals in e-journals. The results obtained from research identification show that first: the occurrence of spindle and seat valve wear due to a lack of maintenance systems, second: excess working hours of exhaust valves, third: clogged cooling water system. The identification of the research found that the cause of the exhaust valve leak was due to worn spindle and seat valves, excess working hours and blockage of the cooling water path. The ways that can be done to avoid damage are by grinding the spindle and seat valve, maintenance according to working hours, and cleaning the cooling water.

The Effect of Secondary Traumatic Stress Level on Psychological Resilience of Midwives

Purpose: Case load in working setting, excessive working hours, encountering with traumatic incidents frequently, concern of being sued might increase the level of stress for midwives and affect their psychological resilience negatively. The present study was conducted to identify the effect of secondary traumatic stress level of midwives on psychological resilience. &#x0D; Methods: The study was a descriptive study conducted in 2020 with midwives assigned at delivery rooms of State hospitals in Türkiye.&#x0D; Results: Every one out of three midwives was identified to meet all the criteria regarding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. It was also identified that those midwives who are young, single, experiencing dissatisfaction in their profession, having more working hours and shifts monthly had higher secondary traumatic stress scores (p

A multi-objective rolling horizon personnel routing and scheduling approach for natural disasters

The magnitude of the workload associated with the provision of emergency response services in the aftermath of natural disasters, coupled with limited availability of personnel for providing these services, leads to demand–supply imbalances with detrimental effects on the provision of the required services. In this context, personnel routing and scheduling decisions aim to meet the demand as fast as possible while at the same time they ensure fair provision of services among the impacted areas. Due to their excessive working hours, and their travel over unreliable transportation networks, personnel are prone to burnout effects and are exposed to risks derived from the unreliable condition of the disaster impacted transportation networks. To address these issues, we propose a novel Disaster Response Personnel Routing and Scheduling (DRPRS) model with efficiency, fairness and risk objectives, subject to working and resting related constraints. The proposed model can be applied to routing and scheduling decisions for different types of emergency response services, and takes into account the precedence relations among them. We solve the resulting multi-objective model lexicographically over a rolling horizon sequentially on a daily basis until the demand for all types of services considered is satisfied. We report results from the application of the proposed model for routing and scheduling personnel involved in the provision of evacuation and medical services in the context of 2018 Lombok Earthquake, Indonesia.

Retention over Attraction: A Review of Women’s Experiences in the Australian Construction Industry; Challenges and Solutions

Despite substantial investments and efforts by governments, construction organisations, and researchers, the construction industry remains one of the most male-dominated industries in Australia, with women being underrepresented numerically and hierarchically. Efforts to attract and retain women in construction have been implemented inconsistently on an ad hoc basis. As part of a larger research project that focuses on retaining women in the Australian construction industry, this research conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The objective is to explore the factors that influence women’s careers and their experiences in the Australian construction industry that have been identified in the literature over the past three decades. Additionally, the findings are anticipated to inform future efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of current initiatives to retain women and develop a framework for enhancing women’s experiences and retaining them in this profession. This SLR revealed that excessive and rigid work hours, gendered culture and informal rules, limited career development opportunities, and negative perceptions of women’s abilities are the main factors and issues that cause women to leave the industry. Among these, rigid and long work hours seem to be the foremost factor to be prioritised. Understanding the roles of key variables in driving this cultural change is important to ensure that concrete progress is made. The paper draws three major aspects from the literature in which solutions and policies can be researched, designed and implemented.

Assessing the Labor Conditions of Migrant Domestic Workers in the Arab Gulf States

Millions of migrant domestic workers—the vast majority of whom are women—are employed in households across Arab Gulf societies. Despite the ubiquitous presence of these foreign workers in Gulf households, little systematic information exists regarding the working conditions and treatment of this population. Findings from a survey of Filipino and Indonesian women who were previously employed as migrant domestic workers in the Arab Gulf states suggest that more than half of households subjected workers to at least one form of mistreatment. The most common forms included excessive working hours, late payment of salary, and denial of one day off per week. A smaller percentage of women reported limited access to food and medical care, mistreatment that is correlated with physical and emotional abuse. Understanding more about the extent of mistreatment—and the correlates of abuse—assists in the development of remedies aimed at improving workplace conditions.

Sindrom izgaranja lekara na poslu - organizacioni i individualni faktori

The burnout syndrome represents a set of symptoms arising in a situation of prolonged stress at the workplace, in professionally demanding situations. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment. One of the tools used to measure the level of burnout is MBI. It has often been criticized for conceptual, methodological and practical reasons; however, it is still considered the gold standard for assessing burnout and is used in 88% of all empirical studies. Factors that contribute to the development of burnout can be divided into organizational and individual factors. The complexity of work organization, as the crucial external factor, is reflected in the shaping of interpersonal relations, the establishment of hierarchies among employees, timely personnel planning and the need for professional training, which indirectly affects the degree of burnout of doctors. If one adds the need of doctors to engage in academic work, the failures in the medical system organization of the work are reflected in excessive working hours, devaluation of teaching work, inappropriate academic ranking, accumulation of engagements outside of teaching, pressure to publish papers and dissatisfaction with the criteria of scientific success. Personality traits can speed up or slow down the occurrence of burnout due to the nature of their influence. They play a big role in making this syndrome noticeable in extroverted people and vice versa, causing it to remain unrecognized and hidden in introverted people. Thus, they make it difficult for this syndrome to be registered and delay the provision of timely assistance. The occurrence of a burnout, which develops as a response to chronic professional stress, coupled with greater opportunities for professional development, better earnings and working conditions, as well as higher quality standards, are the key triggers of the migration of healthcare workers.