Excessive Smartphone Use Research Articles

Anxiety Symptoms Associated With the Severity of Problematic Smartphone Use: The Mediating Role of COVID-19 Anxiety

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is regarded as the biggest global health crisis in recent decades. The changes in major life domains due to infection control strategies resemble the functional impairment consequential to emotional distress and place many people at greater risk of psychiatric conditions. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing have widely increased the usage of smartphone to receive COVID-19-related information in the past year. However, the excessive use of smartphones has deleterious consequences. The current study investigated general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSPU) severity. Methods: Adults aged 18–75 years were recruited by stratified, probability sampling from a database representative of the population. Among 1080 Hong Kong Chinese (age 18–75 years), a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 23 and August 25, 2020 (the period of the third wave outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong). Participants were assessed with the measures, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the associations among general anxiety symptoms, COVID-19-induced anxiety, and severity of PSPU by the Amos 22.0 software. Results: Using established cut-off scores, our results found that prevalence of at least moderate anxiety level in around 22% of participants. Using SEM, both general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety were associated with PSPU severity. Moreover, COVID-19 anxiety partially mediated relations between predisposing general anxiety with PSPU severity. Conclusion: This study provides initial data on the mental health status of people affected by COVID-19. It also investigated the relations between COVID-19-induced anxiety and PSPU severity as a coping mechanism.

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Background:Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and poor sleep quality have shown to be associated with myriad of physical and psychological problems. Increasingly, excessive use of smartphones and Internet, leading to EDS and poor sleep quality, especially among students has become an area of concern. This study was undertaken to check for EDS and sleep quality in the medical undergraduates and its association with smartphone and Internet addiction, psychological distress, depression, and anxiety.Materials and Methods:This is a cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study done on MBBS students and interns. Semi-structured pro forma was used to collect sociodemographic data and students were asked to complete self-administered rating scales, namely, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Smartphone Addiction Scale-short version (SAS-SV), and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT).Results:About 27.4% of students reported EDS and 44.4% fulfilled the criteria of poor sleeper on PSQI. About 56.5% of students reported psychological distress on K10. Almost half (45.3%) of the students reported addictive behavior toward their smartphones and one out of four students at risk of becoming Internet addicted. EDS was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with PSQI, especially subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction component. EDS was also significantly associated (P < 0.05) with psychological distress. EDS was also significantly (P < 0.05) associated with SAS-SV and Young’s IAT scores. Poor sleep quality was also significantly (P < 0.05) associated with psychological distress, anxiety, and depression.Conclusion:The impact of smartphone and Internet overuse on sleep quality as well as their association with EDS is significant. We need to be aware of these factors in order to improve the sleep quality of our students.

الآثار السلبیة لاستخدام الهواتف المحمولة الذکیة على العلاقات الاجتماعیة والدینیة (دراسة میدانیة)

تعتبر الهواتف الذکية احد وسائل الاتصال الاجتماعي واکثر انتشارا وشيوعا خلال العقود الأخيرة. هذه الوسائل لها مميزات وأهمية اجتماعية منها:عمليات الاتصال بين أفراد المجتمع، والمجال الديني بجانب دورها في المجال الاقتصادي (البيع -الشراء-الاعلان والصفقات التجارية)، وکذلک في مجال التعليم والصحة (التوعية- والارشادات للنواحي الاجتماعية والدينية)، وغيرها من المجالات الأخرى. وعلي الرغم من هذه الجوانب الإيجابية إلا انها لا تخلو من المشکلات والاثار السلبية کالتالي: فهي تسهم بدور کبير في تحويل العلاقات الاجتماعية من علاقات عميقة اولية الي علاقات سطحية ثانوية، ولاشک أن ذلک يهدد کيان الأسرة وتماسکها وبالتالي المجتمع ککل، بجانب الدخول إلى مواقع إباحية وغير أخلاقية مما يؤدي إلي الفقدان التدريجي للقيم التقليدية والتقاليد القديمة وتدمير القيم والأخلاق والبعد عن الجانب الديني والروحاني والإيماني. قد تتسبب في خطورة فقدان الهوية خاصا بين الشباب وتکوين بعض الاتجاهات والأفکار المعادية للوطن أو المنحرفة أخلاقيا نتيجة بعض التأثيرات الخارجية السلبية والتقليد الأعمى للغرب في بعض عاداتهم وسلوکهم المختلف عن عادات المجتمعات العربية عن طريق سهوله استخدام بعض البرامج أو المواقع علي الهواتف الذکية. ومن ثم جاءت الدراسة الراهنة لتکشف عن نمط هذه الاثار السلبية وأنواعها ومدي انعکاسها على أفراد المجتمع. ومن أجل تحقيق هذه الأهداف طبقت الدراسة الراهنة على عينة عشوائية قوامها 205 مفرده من الطلاب والعاملين بجامعة المنصورة. وقد روعي في اختيار العينة أن تکون ممثله للفئات والعاملين بالجامعة. وهذا وقد استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي في تحليل المادة الميدانية کما استعانت باداه الاستبيان في جمع البيانات والمعلومات. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج، لعل أبرزها أن: الهواتف الذکية تلعب أدوارا مهمة وفعالة في حياة الأفراد في جميع المجالات المختلفة. بعضها سلبي ، خاصه ما يصاحب الاستخدام المفرط للهواتف الذکية مما يؤثر بالسوء علي التمسک والالتزام بالقيم والاتجاهات الدينية والاجتماعية. ومنها الايجابي، مثل تفهم وتقدير أهميه بعض البرامج التطبيقية. علي سبيل المثال في المجال الصحي مثل )موقع صحه مصر) لتوعيه الافراد بفيروس الکورونا، کذلک في المجال التعليمي، تهدف برامج مثل (Zoom and Team) إلى خدمة عملية التعلم عن بعد، بالإضافة إلى التطبيقات الأخرى في جميع نواحي الحياة. Abstract Smartphones are considered one of the most popular means of social communication in recent decades. These means have advantages and social significance, including: the communication processes between members of society and the religious sphere in addition to their role in the economic field (selling - buying - advertising and commercial deals) as well as in the field of education and health (awareness - and guidance for social and religious aspects) and other areas. Despite these positive aspects, it is not without problems and negative effects. For instance, it contributes to a major role in transforming social relations from deep primary relationships to secondary superficial relationships, and there is no doubt that this threatens the entity of the family and its solidity and accordingly, society as a whole. Besides, there is the danger of entering pornographic and immoral sites, which leads to the gradual loss of traditional values and the destruction of morals, as well as , the distancing from the religious, spiritual and faith side. It may cause the risk of losing identity, especially among young people, and the formation of some anti-homeland or morally deviant trends and ideas as a result of some negative external influences and blind imitation of the West in some of their habits and behaviors that differ from the customs of Arab societies through the ease of using some programs or websites on smart phones. The current study came to reveal the pattern of these negative effects, their types and the extent of their impact on members of society. In order to achieve these goals, the current study was applied to a random sample of 205 students and workers at Mansoura University. It was taken into account in choosing the sample to be representative of the groups and workers at the university. The study used the descriptive approach in analyzing the field material, as well as the questionnaire tool used to collect data and information. The study reached many results, perhaps the most prominent of which is: Smartphones play important and effective roles in the lives of individuals in all different areas? Some of them are negative, especially that accompanies the excessive use of smartphones, which affects adherence to religious and social values ​​and trends. Others are positive, such as the understanding and appreciation of the importance of some applied programs. For example, in the health field websites like (Egypt Health) website that strives to educate individuals about Corona virus, and in the educational field, programs like (Zoom and Team) aim at aiding distance learning process , that in addition to numerous applications that serve in all aspects of life.

The complex interaction between religion conversion, technology, and psychopathology

Religion is an abstract concept encompassing specific set of organized beliefs and practices, usually shared by a community or group, whereas spirituality is more of an individual practice dealing with having a sense of peace and purpose. Religion and psychiatric illness too share a complex relationship and intent for religious conversions pose a diagnostic dilemma in many cases. This relationship is further being influenced by easy access to social media and excessive smartphone use in the contemporary world. Here, we discuss two cases of young males who presented to us with intense desire to change their religion (interest generated after watching YouTube videos and listening to speeches on the smartphone), consequently leading to interpersonal problems and psychopathology. The management approach highlights the need to identify the intent and knowledge for religious change, differentiate individual preferences from that of the family/society, avoiding misdiagnosis and focusing on symptom resolution and improving functionality.

Development and evaluation of smartphone usage management system for preventing problematic smartphone use.

ObjectiveThe increased use of smartphones has led to several problems, including excessive smartphone use and the decreased self-ability to control smartphone use. To prevent these problems, the MindsCare app was developed as a method of self-management and intervention based on an evaluation of smartphone usage. We designed the MindsCare app to manage smartphone usage and prevent problematic smartphone use by providing personalized interventions.MethodsWe recruited 342 Korean participants over the age of 20 and asked them to use MindsCare for 13 weeks. Subsequently, we evaluated the changes in average smartphone usage time and the usability of the app. We designed a usability evaluation questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model and conducted factor and reliability analyses on the participants’ responses. In the eighth week of the study, participants responded to a survey on the usability of the app. We ultimately collected data from 190 participants.ResultsThe average score for the usability of the system was 3.61 on a five-point Likert scale, and approximately 58% of the participants responded positively to the evaluation items. In addition, our analysis of MindsCare data revealed a significant reduction in average smartphone use time in the eighth week compared to the baseline (t = 3.47, p = 0.001). Structural equation model analysis revealed that effort expectancy and performance expectancy had a positive relation with behavior intention for the app.ConclusionsThrough this study, we confirmed the MindsCare app's smartphone usage time reduction effect and proved its good usability. As a result, MindsCare may contribute to achieving users’ goals of reducing problematic smartphone use.

INFLUENCE OF SMARTPHONE USAGE ON HEALTH CAUSING INSOMNIA AND BINGE EATING

Background: Smart phone is an electrical device and its use is increasing day by day even in the growing countries like Pakistan. Difficulty in sleeping and disturbed sleep quality is termed as insomnia and binge eating is a psychological disorder characterized by overeating. Objective: To access the influence of excessive use of smart phone on health causing insomnia and binge eating. Method: A Cross Sectional Study design was done on 100 university students in Lahore to elucidate the influence of smart phone usage on health causing binge eating and insomnia. A self-formulated questionnaire was used including questions like (age, sex, weight, height, snacking while using smart phone and sleep quality). Purposive Sampling technique was used to collect data. Adolescent’s aging 20-25 years of age were participants of the study. Data was analyzed through latest version of SPSS. Result: According to the findings of study, out of total 100 participants 69 were females and 31 were males. Majority 61% of the participants were having disturbed sleep quality due to smart phone usage and 64% were binging while on their smart phones using social media. Conclusion: It is concluded from study that percentage of smart phone usage is contributing to sleep disturbances and high calorie intake in university students.The results suggest that students who were addicted to smartphones were having sleep disturbances and were also binging. In addition, it was also Affecting their weight as their BMI were increased.

FOMO Presence among Students of Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Tuzla – (Non)Dangerous Phenomenon?

The present paper discusses the phenomenon of excessive use of smartphones focusing on social networks – primarily Facebook and Instagram. Subjects in focus were students of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Tuzla from all study fields, undergraduates and postgraduates. Paper is theoretically focused on the phenomenon, recognized by recent academic literature, as FOMO or "fear of missing out)" and also partially investigates nomophobia ("NO MObilePHonePhoBIA) as a new subtype of "addiction" (whether it is an addiction or not, the academic community is still divided). It also includes a theoretical introduction and description of FOMO syndrome and nomophobia in developed democracies with available statistics and data on recent research that focuses – mainly – on young people (not older than 35 years). Based on the available research, FOMO was defined and also indicators that can be interpreted or related to nomophobia. A considerable number of indicators were found which confirm the possible wide existence of FOMO and nomophobia among students of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla. The empirical part consists of a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon in modern democratic societies (with a focus on the younger population) and a comparison with the data obtained from an online survey in which 110 students participated. Quantitative indicators point to a justified assumption of the existence of FOMO phenomena and nomophobia among students of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla. 25% of them feel a sudden need to check their smartphones if they haven’t done so in the last hour; 21% say that it never happens to them that they don’t check social networks for more than an hour. 46% of students would not be able to abstain from social media and a similar percentage said they have problems related to sleep. A significant number of respondents admit that they spend too much time on social media, but, as they subjectively assess, they do not feel that it’s a "digital addiction" but a habit.

Extracting cervical spine popping sound during neck movement and analyzing its frequency using wavelet transform

With the excessive use of smartphones, cervical spine pain is becoming increasingly prevalent. A denoised cervical spine popping sound can aid in monitoring and estimating the state of the cervical spine. However, cervical spine popping sounds that are collected when a subject performs neck movements is contaminated by constant noise. Therefore, a denoising algorithm called Wavelet Transform-Based Stationary-Nonstationary (WTST-NST) is adopted to remove the noise. The input signal is decomposed using wavelet transform to obtain the wavelet coefficients. The wavelet coefficients are then separated into two parts, the nonstationary part and the stationary part, using stationary-nonstationary filtering technology. Finally, the wavelet coefficients of the nonstationary part are reconstructed to obtain the denoised cervical spine popping sound. In addition, the frequency components of the sound are analyzed using the multiresolution analysis of the wavelet transform. The experimental results demonstrate that the implementation of the WTST-NST algorithm in the sound analysis of cervical spine facet joints efficiently reduces the overlapped noise, producing an almost pure cervical spine popping sound. Furthermore, the frequency components of cervical spine popping sounds during the smartphone use period are significantly higher than that in the non-use period and are significantly associated with self-reported neck and upper back pain during the smartphone use period. Therefore, the WTST-NST algorithm preserved almost all the features of the sampled input signal. The denoised cervical spine popping sound can be used to quickly and conveniently monitor the status of the cervical spine during the smartphone use period.

Smartphone Use and Well-Being in Two Contexts

Abstract. Excessive smartphone use is a growing concern in many societies around the world today. To date, attention has primarily been paid to psychological correlates of use, including well-being, with less work concentrating on the role that context plays in smartphone use. This was the goal of the current project. College student smartphone use was measured twice over 1 week in two contexts – a college campus and an outdoor camp – and participant well-being was measured using the SPANE. The findings indicate that daily smartphone use significantly decreased for camp participants and significantly increased for campus participants, and latency to use a phone upon waking significantly increased for camp participants but remained stable for campus participants. Additionally, waiting longer to use a phone upon waking at the end of the week significantly predicted reduced well-being but only for camp participants. Overall, these findings suggest that setting is an important contextual variable to consider when pursuing an understanding of the complex relation between smartphone use and well-being.

PSIKOEDUKASI PEMANFAATAN SMARTPHONE DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PERILAKU PHUBBING PADA SISWA SMPN 8 KOTA JAMBI

Nowadays, with the very rapid advancement of technology, in communicating most people choose to communicate via smartphone rather than communicate directly. The problem is the lack of understanding and knowledge of students using smartphones, students have not been able to limit the use of smartphones to be more positive, students have not been able to limit their time in using smartphones. The target of the implementation of the activity is for all class IX students at SMPN 8 Kota. The methods used are Lecture and Discussion, Demonstration, Simulation, and Consultation Methods. The results achieved through this service students can find out the dangers of excessive smartphone use, as well as the negative impact, namely phubbing behavior. Through this service, students can take advantage of current technological sophistication by learning to make quizzes via smartphones that are related to the subject matter and increase student motivation to learn online in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Smartphone Addiction and Checking Behaviors Predict Aggression: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Despite the potential risks of excessive smartphone use for maladaptive outcomes, the link between smartphone use and aggression remains less understood. Furthermore, prior findings are inconclusive due to a narrow focus on limited aspects of smartphone use (e.g., screen time) and reliance on self-reported assessments of smartphone use. Therefore, using objective measures of smartphone use, we sought to examine the associations between several key indices of smartphone use—screen time, checking behaviors, and addictive tendency—and multifaceted aggression (i.e., confrontation, anger, and hostility). In a cross-sectional study, we administered a series of questionnaires assessing aggressive tendencies (i.e., The Aggression Questionnaire) and various aspects of smartphone use (N = 253, Mage = 21.8 years, female = 73.2%). Using structural equation modeling, we found that smartphone checking and addictive smartphone use predicted only hostility. In contrast, both objective and subjective measures of screen time did not predict any facets of aggression. These results highlight differing impacts of various indices of smartphone use on aggression and imply that excessive checking and addictive smartphone use are problematic smartphone-use behaviors that require more targeted interventions with respect to hostility.

Fonoholizm, smombie, nomofobia: współczesne pojęcia charakteryzujące nałogowe korzystanie ze smartfona przez współczesną młodzież

Smartphones offer a vast range of possibilities, keep people actively involved in building relationships with others. These devices have changed the way we consume various kinds of content, spend our free time, use the Internet, shop, or watch movies. Thanks to smartphones, new ways of communication and building relationships have emerged. They were supposed to serve mainly as facilitating communication but with time they started to create the surrounding reality. While the smartphone offers great opportunities to innovate, learn and stimulate creativity, there is evidence of negative consequences for the mental health of users.&#x0D; The article addresses the problem of problematic mobile phone use by young people. The danger of becoming dependent on a mobile phone was pointed out and the specificity of phonoholism as a new form of behavioral addiction was presented. First, the symptoms of excessive smartphone use will be presented along with dimensions and the reasons why people use them so often. Then, issues related to problematic mobile phone use will be presented, such as prevalence, questionnaire methods and consequences. Finally, the author discusses the risk factors of excessive use of smartphones.

Gender-Based Differences and Associated Factors Surrounding Excessive Smartphone Use Among Adolescents: Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundExcessive smartphone use is a new and debated phenomenon frequently mentioned in the context of behavioral addiction, showing both shared and distinct traits when compared to pathological gaming and gambling.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe excessive smartphone use and associated factors among adolescents, focusing on comparisons between boys and girls.MethodsThis study was based on data collected through a large-scale public health survey distributed in 2016 to pupils in the 9th grade of primary school and those in the 2nd grade of secondary school. Bayesian binomial regression models, with weakly informative priors, were used to examine whether the frequency of associated factors differed between those who reported excessive smartphone use and those who did not.ResultsThe overall response rate was 77% (9143/11,868) among 9th grade pupils and 73.4% (7949/10,832) among 2nd grade pupils, resulting in a total of 17,092 responses. Based on the estimated median absolute percentage differences, along with associated odds ratios, we found that excessive smartphone use was associated with the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and other substances. The reporting of anxiety and worry along with feeling low more than once a week consistently increased the odds of excessive smartphone use among girls, whereas anxiety and worry elevated the odds of excessive smartphone use among boys. The reporting of less than 7 hours of sleep per night was associated with excessive smartphone use in all 4 study groups.ConclusionsThe results varied across gender and grade in terms of robustness and the size of estimated difference. However, excessive smartphone use was associated with a higher frequency of multiple suspected associated factors, including ever having tried smoking, alcohol, or other substances; poor sleep; and often feeling low and feeling anxious. This study sheds light on some features and distinctions of a potentially problematic behavior among adolescents.

Case Study of The Phubbing Action of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Students in An Online Lecture

The purpose of this study is to describe and reveal the impact of excessive smartphone use, which then leads to phubbing. This research study was conducted in May 2020 on 30 students of Uin Sunan Kalijaga as respondents or research subjects. This type of research is qualitative research and interviews with all research subjects, and literature review. The results of the study were recorded that 92% of 27 respondents revealed that a phubber did not give appreciation and was more likely to underestimate the other person. So, planting and practicing Pancasila values in everyday life is very important to carry out. This is so that each individual can fortify and organize himself against wise smartphone use. Then it is hoped that through this research study, students as the nation's next generation will realize the impact of excessive smartphone use on social life.

Reflective smartphone disengagement: Conceptualization, measurement, and validation

The present paper develops a new concept, called Reflective Smartphone Disengagement (RSD), defined as individuals’ deliberate efforts to control and restrict smartphone use. Based on the reflective-impulsive model, we examined the RSD concept in four studies, using cross-sectional data of adolescents (Study 1, N = 453, Study 3, N = 760) and adults (Study 4, N = 672), as well as panel data of adults (Study 2, N = 461). In Study 1, findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the one-dimensionality of the RSD scale. In Study 2, we found evidence for high test–retest reliability as well as discriminant validity, and in terms of predictive validity, RSD negatively predicted excessive smartphone use, information overload, and the social availability norm over time. Study 3 demonstrated convergent validity with a negative relationship with trait nomophobia and a positive one with trait self-reflection. Study 4 confirms the structural validity of a shorter version of the scale. We discuss avenues for future research and broader implications of the RSD concept for the field.

Association Between Screen Overuse and Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Elementary School Children.

ObjectivesThis study identified the association between excessive exposure to screen media and behavioral and emotional problems in elementary school students.MethodsA total of 331 parents of children aged 7–10 years were recruited from “The Kids Cohort for Understanding of Internet Addiction Risk Factors in Early Childhood (K-CURE)” study. Children’s demographics, household media ownership, screen time, and behavioral/emotional problems were assessed using a parental questionnaire. Children’s behavior/emotional problems were measured using the Korean version the of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) score.ResultsThe total K-CBCL score in the screen overuse group was 51.18±9.55, significantly higher than 47.28±10.09 in the control group (t=2.14, p=0.05). For each subscale, the externalization score (51.65±10.14, 48.33±8.97, respectively; t=2.02, p<0.05), social problem score (55.41±6.11, 53.24±5.19, respectively; t=2.27, p<0.05), and rule breaking behavior score (55.71±6.11, 53.24±5.19, respectively; t=2.27, p<0.05) were significantly higher in the screen overuse group than in the control group. In addition, the screen overuse group also had a significantly higher usage rate than the control group, even if limited to smartphones, not only on weekdays (3.56±2.08, 1.87±2.02, respectively; t=-4.597, p<0.001) but also weekends (1.62±0.74, 1.19±0.83, respectively; t=-3.14, p=0.003).ConclusionThe study suggested that screen media overuse patterns in children in Korea are particularly relevant to the excessive use of smartphones and are related to higher risks of emotional and behavioral problems.

Peer Phubbing and Chinese College Students' Smartphone Addiction During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Boredom Proneness and the Moderating Role of Refusal Self-Efficacy.

PurposeCOVID-19 has had a huge impact on the physical behavior and mental health of people. Long-term and strict isolation policies are widely used to ensure social distancing, which may cause excessive smartphone use and increase the risk of smartphone addiction. Previous researchers have identified that some factors that affect smartphone addiction, but there was little research conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to examine the effect of peer phubbing on smartphone addiction, how boredom proneness may mediate this effect, and lastly how refusal self-efficacy may moderate the indirect and direct pathways during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA total of 1396 college students (mean age=20.48, SD=1.08) were surveyed and completed four scales (Peer Phubbing Scale, Refusal Self-efficacy Scale, Smartphone Addiction Index Scale, Boredom Proneness Scale). The statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro.ResultsThis study found that peer phubbing was positively associated with smartphone addiction. Boredom proneness mediated the effect of peer phubbing and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, refusal self-efficacy moderated the relationship between peer phubbing and smartphone addiction as well as boredom proneness and smartphone addiction. Specifically, peer phubbing had a greater impact on smartphone addiction for college students with higher levels of refusal self-efficacy, and the boredom proneness on smartphone addiction was stronger for college students with low levels of refusal self-efficacy.ConclusionThis study is important in investigating how peer phubbing is related to the smartphone addiction of Chinese college students during COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that college students’ boredom proneness and refusal self-efficacy may be prime targets for prevention and intervention programs. Thus, this study explored “how” and “when” peer phubbing may enhance college students’ smartphone addiction during COVID-19 pandemic.

A smartphone use and its impact on academic performance of medical students: a cross sectional study

Background: Smartphones are unavoidable technology in this modern era. Though there are several advantages with the use of smartphones, there is another school of thought is that due to excessive use of smartphones and addiction behavior the academic performance of the students gets deteriorates. With this in background, this study was conducted to compare the use of smartphones with the student’s academic performances.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate medical students of Sri Venkateshwara medical college hospital and research institute, Puducherry, a tertiary care teaching hospital during the January 2019 to July 2019. A total of 370 students were included in this study. All were assessed for the demographic profile and questions related to usage of smart phones using a questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS.Results: Sharing documents, assessing drug information, taking notes and reading journals articles and books was the academic reasons reported by 94.6%, 72.7%, 58.1% and 35.7% of participants, respectively. Among non-academic reasons games, social media and entertainments was recorded in 82.4% 75.4% and 33% of participants, respectively. Mean duration of smart phone usage in a day was 3.5 hours. However, there was no significant difference noted between the academic performance and use of smartphones.Conclusions: Though smartphone use has no significant impact on academic performance of medical students, with the view of steady increase in smartphone usage, there is a necessary for further monitoring, in order to prevent smartphone related complications like addiction.

Link between Excessive Smartphone Use and Sleeping Disorders and Depression among South Korean University Students.

The purpose of this study was to explore the link between smartphone use and sleeping disorders and depression among university students in South Korea. South Korea has the highest mobile phone penetration rate as well as the highest rate of suicide of any of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations, thus making this study of great importance. The core aim was to see whether the excessive use of smartphones has an association with sleeping disorders and depression. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to establish if there was any link between smartphone use and sleeping disorders and depression. Samples from 188 participants were used for this study. Data were collected using two well-established questionnaires, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) and the Athene Insomnia Scale (AIS), as well as a few questions on smartphone use. A few demographic questions were added to the questionnaire. The results of this study concluded that a significant relationship exists between smartphone use and depression. However, the finding of this research could not uncover a significant relationship between smartphone use and sleeping disorders among university students in South Korea. The excessive use of smartphones shows a relationship to an unhealthy lifestyle. There is a clear indication that the overuse of smartphones could be linked to depression. Furthermore, the study found that students with depression also tend to have sleeping disorders.

An Overview Of Self-Control In Adolescent With Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone Phobia)

Introduction: Self control is important to control the use of smartphones to suit their needs. Low self control is one of the factors that cause nomophobia in smartphone users. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the self-control of adolescents with nomophobia.Method: This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological descriptive method through in-depth interviews. There were 15 participants with nomophobia, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi analysis. Results: This study identified 12 themes. Self-control of adolescents with nomophobia is influenced by the use of smartphones which raises the theme of reasons for using smartphones, conditions that cause smartphone use, the use of smartphones in life, and various features used on smartphones. Low self control causes adolescent to have difficulty controlling the stimulus to always use a smartphone and trigger nomophobia which is described through the theme of the response of nomophobia, the aspect of nomophobia, and the impact of nomophobia. After experiencing nomophobia, adolescents do self-control to control the impact of smartphone use which raises the theme of self-control efforts, parental control, and the aspects of self-control. Adolescent self-control is influenced by sources and barriers that raise the theme of the sources of self- control and the barriers of self-control.Conclusions: Adolescents with nomophobia have low self-control in using smartphones and controlling self-responses when there is no smartphone. Therefore, adolescent self-awareness and the role of parents are needed to increase self-control to prevent nomophobia and the negative impact of excessive smartphone use.