Excessive Smartphone Use Research Articles

Smartphone Screen Time and Physical Activity in a Sample of Czech and Slovak Secondary School Male Students

Excessive use of smartphones can cause a decrease in physical activity. The present study aims at analysing and comparing the relationship between smartphone screen time and physical activity in a sample of Czech and Slovak secondary school male students. The survey instrument (nonstandardised) for measuring smartphone screen time and physical activity was intentional sampling of 1225 Czech and Slovak secondary school male students (aged 17.50 ± .65 years) who attended the last year of secondary schools. Chi-square test (χ2) and descriptive statistics were used to analyse and compare the data. Determining the relationship between smartphone screen time and physical activity was carried out for 9 months. After analysing the data, it turned out that 42.12% (n = 516) of the survey group pointed to 1 to 3 hours/ day of smartphone screen time (p ˂ 0.01). When evaluating their smartphone screen time, the survey group (n = 1225) considered it as adequate (58.21%, n = 713) (p ˂ 0.01). In terms of the smartphone screen time activity, the survey group (n = 1225) preferred social networking services (53.58%, n = 656) (p ˂ 0.01). Smartphone apps are adequate tools not only to improve quality of life, but also to promote leisure- time physical activity among adolescent boys.

METACOGNITIONS ABOUT SMARTPHONE USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Introduction. The impact of smartphone use on personal well-being and effectiveness of educational activities is a discussion issue involving teachers and school students, which determines the relevance of studying their metacognitions about smartphone use (MSU). MSU is a refl ection of the subject’s own beliefs associated with smartphone use. The study was aimed at analyzing the differences in MSU of high school students with various academic performance. Materials and methods. The study involved  school students ( female) of th-th grades aged . ± .. Empirical data was collected with a modifi ed self-report scale “Metacognitions about problematic smartphone use” (Kronbach alpha .-.): “Recreational and relaxation function of the smartphone” (% of variance), “Smartphone addiction” (%), “Smartphone as a hindrance to study” (%). Regardless of academic performance, the structure of MSU is dominated by positive metacognitions (smartphone as a tool for relaxation and distraction from problems). The students with below-average academic performance more often note that smartphone prevents them from learning (F=. p<.), while the indicators in the sample of boys are higher than among girls (F=. p<.). In addition, the girls with below-average academic performance are signifi cantly more likely to note signs of smartphone addiction than boys (F=. p<.). Conclusion. High school students are characterized by the awareness of the predominantly positive effects of smartphone use. At the same time, high school students with below-average academic performance refl ect the negative impact of smartphones on effectiveness of educational activities, however, girls refl ect the excessive use of smartphone as a key factor of this infl uence. The results should be used to develop smartphone addiction preventive programs. Funding. The research was supported by an internal grant of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia.

Zavisnost od pametnih telefona i kvalitet spavanja kod studenata

The use of smartphones and accompanying apps has significantly improved communication, but it has also raised concerns about device dependence and overuse. The term "smartphone addiction" was introduced to describe the excessive and dysfunctional use of smartphones, evocative of behavioural addictions. Since smartphones are used for various purposes and are always connected to the Internet, they can significantly affect daily activities. Excessive and problematic smartphone use is associated with poor sleep, fatigue, difficulty falling asleep, and shorter sleep duration. It has been demonstrated that the addictive use of smartphones is commonly accompanied by depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, the lack of sleep is strongly associated with academic underperformance. Therefore, maintaining healthy sleep patterns is essential for young people and improves their academic performance as well as physical and mental health. As "smartphone addiction" becomes a growing challenge in numerous countries, preventive measures need to be implemented, as well as measures to help reduce the consequences of excessive smartphone use.

CORRELATION OF SMARTPHONE ADDICTION WITH TEXT NECK SYNDROME DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background: Smartphones pervasiveness has captured people with the ability to search for information, communicate more easily, and make our day-to-day jobs easier. On the other hand, excessive smartphone use can also lead to serious musculoskeletal consequences including neck pain and disability. Objective: To determine the correlation of Text-Neck-Syndrome with smartphone addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on n=500 participants of both genders between 20 to 30 years olds. The study population were assessed for text next syndrome with Neck disability index, and neck pain on Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Smartphone addiction scale short version (SAS-SV) to find problematic smartphone usage. The spearmen test was used to determine the correlation between the Text neck syndrome and smartphone addiction during Covid-19 pandemic. Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.8±2.47 years. A total of n=418(83.6%) were female and remaining n=82(16.4%) was male participated in the study. The results showed that there is significant mild to moderate positive significant correlation (p<0.05) between individual item and total score of SAS-SV with pain and neck disability. Conclusion: It was concluded that the excessive use of smart phone during COVID 19 caused neck pain and related functional impairment. Keywords: Addiction, neck disability, neck pain, text neck syndrome, VAS

Evaluation of the Rate of Smart Phone Addiction among Students in Shahid Sadoughi School of Health in Yazd during COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Smartphones have become an integral part of today's life. In addition to their benefits, excessive use of smartphones has negative effects, especially among students. One of these negative effects is smartphone addiction. During the Coronavirus pandemic and home quarantine, they were used to participate in virtual classes. They were also a means of entertainment and leisure. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of smartphone addiction among students of Shahid Sadoughi School of Health in Yazd during the Coronavirus pandemic.
 Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical population included 303 students from the school of Health. The instrument used was a cell phone addiction questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS_26 software, independent t-test and Chi-square.
 Result: The mean score for cell phone addiction was 39.6. 7.6% had mild addiction, 85.8%, moderate addiction, and 6.6% had severe addiction. No significant relationship was found between gender, marital status, and education level and smartphone addiction. 66% of students' time was spent on social networks.
 Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is high among health school students. It is necessary to carry out serious educational interventions and cultural and extracurricular activities later in the post-COVID period.

Aberrant Intrinsic Neural Networks Strength in Individuals with "Smartphone Addiction": An MRI Data Fusion Study

Abstract Objectives: Excessive smartphone use, sometimes also referred to as "smartphone addiction", has increasingly attracted neuroscientific interest due to its similarities with other behavioral addictions, particularly internet gaming disorder. Little is known so far about the neural mechanisms underlying smartphone addiction. Here, we explored interrelationships between brain structure and function to specify neurobiological correlates of smartphone addiction on a neural system level. Methods: Gray matter volume and intrinsic neural activity was investigated in individuals with smartphone addiction (n = 20) compared to controls (n = 24), using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate data fusion techniques, i.e., parallel Independent Component Analysis. Results: The joint analysis of both data modalities explored shared information between gray matter volume and intrinsic neural activity which were not revealed by previous modality-specific approaches. Two amplitude of low frequency fluctuations-based independent neural systems significantly differed between individuals with smartphone addiction and controls. A medial/dorsolateral prefrontal system exhibited lower functional network strength lower in smartphone addiction vs. controls, whereas the opposite pattern was detected in a parietal cortical/cerebellar system. Neural network strength was significantly related to duration of smartphone use and sleep difficulties. Conclusions: We show modality-specific associations of the brain's resting-state activity with distinct and shared smartphone addiction symptom dimensions. In particular, the data suggest contributions of aberrant prefrontal and parietal neural network strength as a possible signature of deficient executive control in smartphone addiction.

Big Five Personality Terhadap Perilaku Phubbing Pada Siswa SMA

The times have progressed in various aspects of life, one of which is the development of smartphones important aspect. The positive benefits of using a smartphone make it an important object. However, the impact caused by excessive smartphone use will reduce empathy and sympathy for other people and the environment. Ignoring the interlocutor because he is complacent when using access on a smartphone is called phubbing behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the five big five personality traits, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect on phubbing behavior experienced by adolescents at the 14 Pekanbaru State Senior High School (SMAN) level. The data collection method used the IPIP-BFM-25 big five personality scale and the phubbing behavior scale. A total of 250 students of SMAN 14 Pekanbaru were sampled in this study. The sampling technique used is a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling method. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant influence in a negative direction between the big five personalities on phubbing behavior in students at SMAN 14 Pekanbaru. Of the five big five personality traits, there are two traits, namely conscientiousness and intellect which influence phubbing behavior.

Piętno technologii – nomofobia i FoMO jako przykłady lęków współczesnej młodzieży

There is no doubt that new technologies are the hallmark of modern times. For young people, the digital world is a natural environment for their functioning in everyday life. Smartphones and social media accompany them almost everywhere. Many of them, following their idols, not only like and comment on what others do, but also create their own image online. This often leads them to lose themselves in what they are doing, and when, for some reason, there is no access to a device or SNS, it results in their anxiety and stress. The ongoing pandemic has, in a way, “forced” many of us to have more contact with new technologies. Sitting in front of a computer/smartphone for hours, while studying/working remotely is not without its consequences on physical as well as mental health. There are two increasingly common fears, among the results of the excessive use of smartphones and e.g. social media (mainly used by young people), related to the use of new technologies: nomophobia and FoMO. The former is a kind of separation anxiety related to not having access to a mobile phone. The second one is characterised by people who use social media without restraint, when they cannot check what is happening on their favourite platforms. The aim of this article is to present the characteristics of both phenomena, the means of diagnosis and the results of national and international research showing their scale.

Neuropsychological Evaluation of Cognitive Failure and Excessive Smart Phone Use: A Path Model Analysis

Smartphones and other mobile-related technologies are commonly viewed as indispensable tools for enhancing human cognition; prolonged use of these devices may have a detrimental and long-term effect on users’ abilities to think, recall, and pay attention. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of phone usage on people’s cognitive capacities. Excessive smartphone use may have a detrimental effect on an individual’s mental health. It has the ability to affect an individual’s memory, capacity for effective thought, and cognitive and learning capacities. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of smartphone use on people’s cognitive abilities. Excessive smartphone use and cognitive failures were measured using the Smartphone Addiction Scale (Kwon et al., 2013) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (Broadbent et al., 1982; revised by Wallace et al., 2002), which were used to collect data from 200 young adults using a purposive sampling strategy. Pearson’s product-moment correlation was used to measure the strength of the relationship between the variables, and regression analysis was used to measure the function relating to the variables. The results of the study conclude that excessive smartphone use is related to forgetfulness, distractibility, and false triggering. Hence, it can be concluded that excessive use of smartphones may be prone to cognitive failures such as forgetfulness, distractibility, and false triggering. Excessive smartphone use has been linked to a higher risk of cognitive impairment.

Structural and Functional Neural Correlates in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Despite known association of internet addiction with a reduced brain volume and abnormal connectivity, the impact of excessive smartphone use remains unclear. Methods: PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2022 using appropriate keywords for observational studies comparing differences in brain volumes and activations between excessive smartphone users and individuals with regular use by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Of the 11 eligible studies retrieved from 6993 articles initially screened, seven and six evaluated brain volumes and activations, respectively. The former enrolled 421 participants (165 excessive smartphone users vs. 256 controls), while the latter recruited 276 subjects with 139 excessive smartphone users. The results demonstrated a smaller brain volume in excessive smartphone users compared to the controls (g = −0.55, p < 0.001), especially in subcortical regions (p < 0.001). Besides, the impact was more pronounced in adolescents than in adults (p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between impulsivity and volume reduction. Regarding altered activations, the convergences of foci in the declive of the posterior lobe of cerebellum, the lingual gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus were noted. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a potential association of excessive smartphone use with a reduced brain volume and altered activations.

Dependency on Digital Gadget of Youth and their Side Effects

It is amazing that in India around 95% smartphone users check their social media as the First thing in every morning. Our youth seems worried without their digital gadgets especially smart phones .Even in sleeping time also almost 90% people keeps Smartphone near to their bed. As being a digital media driven society our south Indian gadget users are always trying to connect with digital or social media to have updates. This study aims at the habits of Smartphone users and how it moving to the so -called addiction. moreover, the paper observes the priming outcomes of recent media on youth and its impact on society. As part of the study the researcher found some basic answer to reduce the over use of internet or device. Via survey, the researcher found many reasons to become a gadget additive of course how we can reduce the excessive use of Smartphone by practice.

Excessive smartphone use and its correlations with social anxiety and quality of life among medical students in a public university in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study.

Smartphone usage has significantly increased in the last decade among young adults has significantly increased in the last decade. While its benefits are undeniable, its negative implications are increasingly emerging. Studies are needed to investigate the effects of excessive smartphone use on a young person's life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of excessive smartphone use among medical students and its relations with social anxiety, self-esteem, and quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in UKM Medical Center. A total of 273 students have consented to participate and completed self-reported questionnaires encompassing sociodemographic information, the Short Version Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES). Sociodemographic data, SIAS score, WHOQOL-BREF score and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale score were treated as independent variables. Smartphone addiction Scale score was treated as the dependent variable. Bivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables using the Fisher exact test, Pearson Chi-Square and Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the variables with a p-value of < 0.05 from the Pearson correlation coefficient test. The percentage of excessive smarphone use among UKM medical students is 48%. The bivariate analysis showed that excessive smartphone use has a small but significant positive correlation with social anxiety (r = 0.173, p = 0.004) and negative correlations with physical health (r = -0.133, p = 0.028), psychological wellbeing (r =-0.135, p = 0.026), social relationships (r = -0.232, p = 0.001), environment (r = -0.260, p = 0.001) and self-esteem (r = -0.128, p = 0.035). In the multiple regression analysis, a better environment predicted a reduced risk for smartphone addiction (β = -0.233, p = 0.013). Almost half of the students were found to have smartphone overdependence. Excessive smartphone use has shown a significant relationship with an increased risk for social anxiety, reduction in self-esteem, and quality of life among medical students. A closer look into the possible intervention is needed in the future to curb the negative effects arising from excessive smartphone use.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SMARTPHONE USE WITH QUALITY DISORDERS SLEEPING IN SMA NEGERI 2 PEMATANG SIANTAR

Psychological problems that arise in the form of sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and emotional stress. Sleep is one of the basic needs that everyone needs. The need for rest and sleep must be sufficient for the body to concentrate, make decisions and participate in daily activities. The type of research is descriptive analytic research using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study is all class XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 in SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar as to function normally. Lack of sleep will have an impact on the decreased ability many as 71 people and as many as 42 people as samples with simple random sampling method. Data obtained by interview using a questionnaire and analyzed by chi square test. From the results of the chi square test (α &lt; 0.05), it shows that there is a significant relationship between smartphone use and sleep quality disorders in adolescents (α = 0.00) and the test results show that there is a relationship between smartphone use and sleep quality disorders in adolescents ( =0.00). It is hoped that adolescents will increase their knowledge that excessive smartphone use can cause sleep quality disorders in adolescents

Psychological Morbidities Associated With Excessive Usage of Smartphones Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Review

Adolescents and young adults have progressively become smartphone and internet-dependent. Its addiction is affecting them mentally and physically. Due to its overutilization, it is causing a detrimental effect on them. These dilemmas need to be acknowledged. Furthermore, the goal is to reduce overutilization and overreliance, and the task is to reduce the heavy toll on their mental and psychological condition. We need to review the evidence linking smartphone and social media use with psychological morbidities among adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study is to summarize the present situation and the correlation between smartphones and mental health. Cognitive, emotional difficulties, poor cognitive function, impulsivity, shyness, social networking addiction, low self-esteem, and some medical issues like insomnia, anxiety, depression, and a lack of cognitive control have been linked to excessive smartphone use.

The association between autistic traits and excessive smartphone use in Chinese college students: The chain mediating roles of social interaction anxiety and loneliness

This study draws upon a large sample of Chinese college students to examine the chain mediating roles of social interaction anxiety and loneliness in the relation between autistic traits and excessive smartphone use. To test our hypothesis that social interaction anxiety and loneliness mediate the relation between autistic traits and excessive smartphone use, we recruited a sample of 1103 college students and asked them to complete an assessment that measured the degrees of autistic traits, social interaction anxiety, loneliness, and excessive smartphone use. The results showed significant correlations among these variables. More autistic traits, which are correlated with higher levels of social interaction anxiety and higher levels of loneliness, were found to be associated with excessive smartphone use. In conclusion, this study highlights the need for screening for excessive smartphone use among college students who demonstrate autistic traits. Social interaction anxiety and loneliness show great potential in screening for excessive smartphone use among college students with high levels of autistic traits. We discuss the practical implications of the findings and directions for future study.

Association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder among Korean adolescents

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder among South Korean adolescents. MethodsParticipants were selected from the Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey 2020. The primary dependent variable was the generalized anxiety disorder that was measured based on seven item instrument (GAD-7). The main exposure of interest was the smartphone overdependence using the integrated scale developed by the National Information Society Agency in Korea. Weighted chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder. ResultsThe final participants comprised of 54,948 middle and high school students. 13,775 students (25.1 %) were classified as the smartphone overdependence group. Of those who reported overly dependent on smartphones, 2803 students (20.3 %) had generalized anxiety disorder. The risk for generalized anxiety disorder were 2.15 folds (95 % CI 2.01–2.30) higher among the overdependence group in compared to their counterparts. Specifically, the risk for generalized anxiety disorder increased when smartphone has negatively affected relationships with friends and colleagues (OR: 2.35, 95 % CI 2.08–2.64). The sensitivity of smartphone overdependence scale was verified and the risk for generalized anxiety disorder increased in magnitude with the severity of smartphone overdependence. ConclusionThe findings of the study showed significant association between smartphone overdependence and generalized anxiety disorder among South Korean adolescents. The negative changes in social relationships due to excessive smartphone use and the severity of overdependence accounted for the risk for generalized anxiety disorder.

The Indirect Effect of Theory of Mind on the Relationship of Smartphone Addiction and Autism Quotient

This research investigated the relationship between smartphone addiction (SA) and autism quotient, considering the indirect effect of theory of mind (ToM). This research successfully recruited 399 smartphone users to complete self-reported measures for SA, ToM, and autism quotient. Initial results with Pearson's correlation revealed a significant negative relationship between excessive smartphone use and ToM. A significant negative correlation was observed between ToM and the gauged autism quotient. However, the measured SA did not correlate significantly with the autism quotient. From the path analysis, the measured SA did not predict autism quotient and ToM significantly, whereas the measured ToM significantly predicted autism quotient. The negative relationship supports that individuals with established ToM are less likely to develop characteristics of autism. The estimated indirect effect was not significant, implying that ToM did not mediate the direct effect of SA on autism quotient. Implications and limitations are further discussed in this manuscript.

University freshmen's excessive smartphone use and psychological safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Although excessive smartphone use has been confirmed as being associated with specific representations of mental health (e. g., anxiety, depression, wellbeing, etc.) throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship between excessive smartphone use and cognitive representations of mental health (i.e., psychological safety) is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to identify the association between excessive smartphone use and psychological safety among university freshmen during the COVID-19 pandemic; in addition, we examined the mediation effects of hardiness and interpersonal distress in this relationship. In this study, 1,224 university freshmen were selected at random from several universities in Guizhou Province of China. The Psychological Safety Scale was used to evaluate the mental health of university freshmen; the Mobile Phone Dependence Scale was used to evaluate excessive smartphone use; the Hardiness Questionnaire was used to evaluate hardiness; and the Interpersonal Relation Synthetic Diagnose Test was used to evaluate interpersonal distress. The findings showed that: (1) the greater the degree of excessive smartphone use, the more serious respondents' interpersonal distress and the lower their hardiness; (2) excessive smartphone use was not only directly related to the psychological safety of university freshmen but also indirectly related to their psychological safety through the independent mediation of hardiness and interpersonal distress, as well as through the chain mediation of hardiness and interpersonal distress. In general, excessive smartphone use in university freshmen could lead to a decline in their psychological safety. Also, hardiness and interpersonal distress play a complex role in this relationship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions on the mental health of college freshmen should not only provide guidance on how to use their smartphone responsibly but also to provide them with support and guidance for the enhancement of their hardiness and improvement of their interpersonal relationships.

Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex with intrinsic brain networks in male problematic smartphone users

The excessive use of smartphones is associated with various medical complications and mental health problems. However, existing research findings on neurobiological mechanisms behind problematic smartphone use are limited. In this study, we investigated functional connectivity in problematic smartphone users, focusing on the default mode network (DMN) and attentional networks. We hypothesized that problematic smartphone users would have alterations in functional connectivity between the DMN and attentional networks and that such alterations would correlate with the severity of problematic smartphone use. This study included 30 problematic smartphone users and 35 non-problematic smartphone users. We carried out group independent component analysis (group ICA) to decompose resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data into distinct networks. We examined functional connectivity using seed-to-seed analysis and identified the nodes of networks in group ICA, which we used as region of interest. We identified greater functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) with the ventral attention network (VAN) and with the DMN in problematic smartphone users. In seed-to-seed analysis, problematic smartphone users showed atypical dACC-VAN functional connectivity which correlated with the smartphone addiction proneness scale total scores. Our resting-state fMRI study found greater functional connectivity between the dACC and attentional networks in problematic smartphone users. Our findings suggest that increased bottom-up and interoceptive attentional processing might play an important role in problematic smartphone use.

2.45 Neural Correlates of Smartphone Dependence and Links to Depression in Adolescents

An alarming rise in suicidality and depressive symptoms among US adolescents has been linked to increased screen time. Examining neural mechanisms underlying smartphone dependence may provide critical value in developing interventions targeting excessive smartphone use. We examined the association between smartphone dependence and depressive symptoms and digital media activities that correlate with smartphone dependence.