Speeds In Excess Research Articles

An augmented multiphase rail launcher with a modular design: theoretical considerations and development

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate a novel approach toward electromagnetic launch.Design/methodology/approachThe field of linear electromagnetic acceleration aims at accelerating macroscopic masses (up to several kg) to speeds in excess of 2 km/s. This can be achieved using accelerators of the railgun type. The innovation of this work lies in the use of multiphase current instead of the classically used quasi-direct current (DC). The approach taken is to work out in a first step the potential performance of such a configuration, for example, by showing that a constant propulsive force can be realized. Next, the necessary changes for the system setup were carefully analyzed. Both the accelerator and the power supply have to be considerably modified with regard to the classical approach.FindingsThorough analysis of the electromagnetic behavior of the launcher including nonlinear effects lead to an innovative system design which is considered to be the main finding of the work presented here. Moreover, a prototype was build. The preliminary experimental results obtained are in very good agreement with corresponding simulations validating the underlying modeling approach.Research limitations/implicationsFor the purpose of this paper, power levels of only 450 kVA are considered. However, this research can be used to design more powerful devices in the future.Originality/valueWhile DC powered railguns are modeled very well in a variety of papers, the use of multiphase alternating current is not very well discussed yet. It could be of value for launch scenarios, for which very high speeds are required such as the launch of micro satellites to space.

Design and Implementation of Automated Law Enforcement using the Internet of Things (IoT)

Due to a lack of legal enforcement, numerous vehicle accidents occur every year throughout the world. An effective vehicle tracking system is developed, tested, and classified in order to identify the speed of any vehicle in any street at any time and from any location (highways, crowded or secondary roads). The suggested system makes use of IoT technology, which is a relatively new development that has already made significant contributions to scientific research as well as offers many wonderful conveniences in daily life. The in-vehicle device utilizes GPS and GSM/GPRS, two of the most commonly used tracking technologies. The device is integrated into a moving object (vehicle) that is automatically tracked and observed in real-time. Through the OBD interface, the Raspberry Pi microcontroller periodically reads the vehicle speed. The Raspberry Pi microcontroller is equipped with GPS and GSM/GPRS modules to track the location of the vehicle. and, when the speed limit is exceeded, sends the coordinates and speed to the central station over the internet. The data pertaining to each vehicle is kept in a database at the central station. Based on the data gathered from the in-vehicle gadget, the driver who exceeded the speed limit will immediately receive a fine through the central station. The proposed system will help in reducing the likelihood of driver fraudulence and has demonstrated its efficiency and accuracy to reduce excessive speed and traffic accidents, leading to the daily saving of many lives. The system has been successfully built and effectively tested at a lower cost than traditional systems that rely on the use of cameras on each road.

A REVIEW OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL

Research into factors related to drink-driving is one of the challenges the researchers face in their scientific work. Creating conditions that would serve for prediction of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) is one of the goals of such research studies. A meta-analysis of DUI-related factors has been performed in this study. The first stage of the analysis includes the search of the ScienceDirect database. Two phrases have been used for the search: "alcohol and crash" and "DUI and crash". The research from the mentioned journal that is included in the meta-analysis, had to satisfy the condition in which the association between one of the factors and driving under the influence has been presented. The following are the three ways in which DUI has been defined: 1) self-reported behaviour, 2) testing performed by police officers, and 3) involvement in a road accident while being under the influence of alcohol. The second stage has seen the creation of a database of the strength of association between one of the factors and DUI, taken from selected papers in the database. All the factors that could be related to alcohol have been observed and included the following: driving style, characteristics of the driver, time and place of driving, characteristics of the vehicle, etc. Following the search of more than 1,000 studies in this field, an odds ratio has been created to associate the factors with DUI. The odds ratio of association (OR) represents the strength of association between a particular factor and DUI. By applying the mentioned methodology, a conclusion on the association between the factors and DUI has been drawn and may be used for prediction and as a typical example of DUI drivers in road traffic. When it comes to driver behaviour, the most important predictors of DUI are excessive speed, driving at night-time, failing to wear a seat belt, previous DUI experience, the presence of passengers in a car. As for the location, the greatest odds ratio associated with a DUI driver concerns driving an older car on a two-lane road in the urban area. The results of this study can be used for further development of the legislation related to drink-driving and consequently for improvement of the road safety situation in a territory.

Interactive Character Path-Following Using Long-Horizon Motion Matching With Revised Future Queries

We propose a method for interactively generating a character motion that follows a user-specified path based on motion matching. Unlike basic motion matching that finds the best frame considering only the current state and current control input, our long-horizon motion matching algorithm is performed recursively over multiple levels and finds the matching path that minimizes the total distance, to find the best frame for a longer future interval. The matching query is carefully revised from the raw query directly extracted from the user path to address the following aspects: inherent differences between an actual moving path of a human and a user-drawn path, and possible user errors such as a path drawn with excessive speed or with abrupt changes in direction. Also, two interactive control modes for path-following characters are proposed. The combination of our long-horizon motion matching and carefully revised queries enables smooth and reliable interactive path tracking for a variety of paths. We show the effectiveness of our method using various experiments such as path-following with different shaped paths, game-like interactive control demos, and ablation studies.

Smart Helmet based Accident Detection and Notification System for Two-Wheeler Motor Cycles

It’s common knowledge that modern youth gravitate toward two-wheeled transportation. Drinking and driving and excessive speeding are also widespread problems today. Road accidents are responsible for the deaths of thousands of individuals every year. The primary cause of this is the tardiness of emergency aid that should have been given to the victims. Using the Internet of Things, smart helmets will be able to identify accidents and send alerts to nearby emergency services as well as medical facilities. In this case, an accelerometer module is used to detect accidents by constantly monitoring the deviations from the normal conditions. In the event of a collision, the exact location of the rider can be determined and forwarded to the relevant authorities. The primary function of this system is to transmit accurate information related to the accident in the form of text messages and phone calls to predetermined contacts.

Adapted Speed System in a Road Bend Situation in VANET Environment

Today, road safety remains a serious concern for governments around the world. In fact, approximately 1.35 million people die and 2–50 million are injured on public roads worldwide each year. Straight bends in road traffic are the main cause of many road accidents, and excessive and inappropriate speed in this very critical area can cause drivers to lose their vehicle stability. For these reasons, new solutions must be considered to stop this disaster and save lives. Therefore, it is necessary to study this topic very carefully and use new technologies such as Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Internet of Things (IoT), Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Embedded Systems to create a new system to serve the purpose. Therefore, the efficient and intelligent operation of the VANET network can avoid such problems as it provides drivers with the necessary real-time traffic data. Thus, drivers are able to drive their vehicles under correct and realistic conditions. In this document, we propose a speed adaptation scheme for winding road situations. Our proposed scheme is based on MAS technology, the main goal of which is to provide drivers with the information they need to calculate the speed limit they must not exceed in order to maintain balance in dangerous areas, especially in curves. The proposed scheme provides flexibility, adaptability, and maintainability for traffic information, taking into account the state of infrastructure and metering conditions of the road, as well as the characteristics and behavior of vehicles.

Road users’ behaviour in the "30 km/h zones". The case study of Bologna

Excessive vehicle speeds in urban areas have resulted to be a major cause of road accidents involving pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, identified as "vulnerable road users" (VRU). A possible useful strategy to overcome this problem, both reducing speed and safeguarding vulnerable road users (VRU), is the introduction of "30 km/h zones". As traffic calming measures, they allow a maximum speed for drivers of 30km/h. The purpose of this study is to monitor the behaviour of drivers in the “30 km/h zones” of the centre of Bologna. With the close collaboration of Bologna Municipality, the study has provided for the monitoring of speed and type of transport in specific points within a selected circuit. Data collected showed that, although in most of the selected zones, speeds are below 30 km/h, in the areas where traffic is heavier, drivers exceed the permitted limit.

Dynamic modeling and vibration analysis of spur gear system considering thin-walled gear and hollow shaft

This paper proposes a gear dynamic model considering the thin-walled gear and hollow shaft. The shell element is adopted to establish the gear-shaft finite element model instead of using the beam element and lumped mass element. The shortcomings of the traditional dynamic model and the influences of thin-walled hollow shafts are analyzed. Numerical results show that the simplification strategy of the traditional dynamic model will lose several vital modal information and evaluate excessive critical speeds. The proposed model obtains the extra resonant frequency in the high-speed region. However, the traditional model loses this phenomenon due to the simplified thin-walled structural features. The equivalence of the hollow shaft to a beam model requires the condition of a small radius-thickness ratio. Otherwise, it will lead to deviations in the predicted vibration characteristics. The proposed model helps to provide a theoretical basis for high-performance design and vibration and noise reduction of high-speed and lightweight gear transmission systems.

Dimensional database to support water resources decisions

This paper aims to demonstrate that the dimensional database model has great potential for use in water resources due to its generalization in the input and output of data and facilitates the aggregation of data for information generation. In addition, the proposed model was applied to PostgreSQL software, which is a powerful and free database engine, as it does not generate license costs for its implementation and can be even implemented in small server environments, the model is capable of performing complex queries on huge databases (billions of data) with very fast response times, reaching speeds in excess of 300,000 processed data per second. As a consequence of being generic, high performing and its low cost, so, the same methodology was applied to the monitoring module of the PCJ Basin Decision Support System (SSDPCJ), which has the function of disseminating data from the telemetry monitoring stations and it can be replicated for other cases that need to store and disseminate information on water resources.

A Data-Driven Predictive Model for Speed Control in Automotive Safety Applications

The importance of transportation to society and daily life makes safe driving an important responsibility to reduce the occurrence of accidents. Among the accident factors, overspeeding led to a maximum probability of road crashes and death. As the number of vehicles increases, manually monitoring the overspeed offense is laborious and time-consuming. The existing context-aware-based speed control strategy is effective but pricey. Therefore, in this article, a cost-effective, compact, and simple design-oriented speed recommendation and control mechanism is designed to avoid accidents caused by excessive speed. The proposed system leverages the potential of the decision tree regression model to do data analysis and find out the recommended speed for a particular location at a specific time. In the implementation process, the trained regression model is stored in the Heroku web server to obtain the speed. To support the recommendation, model of a new dataset is created from the Gray Spot dataset and stored in the Storage bucket of Firebase (Open Source), which comprises the time, location, weather, and speed attributes. The vehicle user receives speed recommendations from the Heroku server for every location; consequently, the speed controller regulates the speed of the motor through a motor driver’s electrical signal. The proposed decision tree regressor achieved 92.3% prediction accuracy during processing with 30 locations. The efficiency of the model showed that this model is a good assistant to car drivers and an optimal solution to reduce accidents on a larger level.

High Performance Convertible Coleopter Drones

This paper opens with an historical overview of efforts to develop micro-, mini-, and organic aerial vehicles (MAVs and OAVs) in the 1990’s. Although conceived during WWII, coleopters would not see serial production for 60 years. The paper continues with programmatic aspects of hovering coleopter development of the 1990’s and describes the technical motivations behind in-flight conversion from hover-mode to missile-mode flight and the record-setting XQ-138 family of convertible coleopters. As the first commercially successful family of such aircraft, the XQ-138 was taken from initial concept through configuration design, detailed design, patenting, prototyping, proof-of-concept, production, flight testing, qualification, and eventually high rate production, all with private funding. The paper lists basic engineering drivers, covers fundamental sizing methods, presents weight fraction data, and describes flight test procedures, locations, conditions, and results. High-speed flight test data show the stock aircraft achieving speeds in excess of 164 mph (263 kph) with endurances in excess of an hour at that speed with a special dash-optimized version reaching 288 mph (463 kph) for a few minutes. Videos from flight testing and live-fire exercises are shown at Redstone Arsenal, Eglin Air Force Base, and Fort Benning test ranges under extreme conditions. The paper concludes with an assessment of civil and military variants for a variety of military missions and commercial uses.

Wind Turbines Control Trends and Challenges: An Overview

Wind turbines (WTs) create electricity by utilizing the energy of the wind. As a result, wind turbine control and cost-effective operation were studied. The control system offers a long service life, maximum energy output, and safety. On control methods and control strategies, various ways for limiting and optimizing energy consumption were discussed. Integration of wind power may compromise the stability of the transient system. Asynchronous induction generators cannot handle the quantity of reactive power generated in wind energy applications. WTs are usually constructed to withstand inclement weather but not for high speeds or torque. Strong aerodynamic torques or rotational speeds are capable of destroying WT blades. To prevent this, WTs always have a cutout speed over which the turbine will be stopped by its brakes. When excessive wind speeds endanger the safety of the turbines, the WT employs a range of control techniques. As a result, all WTs are constructed using a power control method. This can regulate pitch and stall. Passive or active stall control can be applied to the WT. Therefore, this study analyzed the associated technologies, the maintenance of wind turbines, the cost, the many types of wind turbine controllers, and the negative effects and roadblocks unique to the wind energy industry.

Analysis of thermo-physical properties and qualitative investigation of molecular interactions in terms of Graph Theoretical Approach in binary liquid mixtures containing 1-propanol + Amines (1,3-diaminopropane or 1,2-diaminopropane or 1-amino-2-propanol) at T = 298.15–318.15 K

In the present report, the molecular interactions between 1P (1-propanol) and Amines (1,3-DAP (1,3-diaminopropane) or 1,2-DAP (1,2-diaminopropane) or 1A2P (1-amino-2-propanol)) are examined by insight of thermo-physical properties of binary liquid mixtures. Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) were measured for 1P, Amines and their binary mixture at T = 298.15–318.15 K at 0.1 MPa. Experimental data of ρ and u were used to evaluate VmE (excess molar volume), ksE (excess molar isentropic compressibility), VfE (excess free volume), uE (excess ultrasonic speed), LfE (excess intermolecular free length) and VaE (excess available volume). Further, these calculated properties were correlated with Redlich-Kister polynomial (R.K.). VmE data is also examined in term of GTA (Graph theoretical approach) and PFP (Prigogine-Flory-Patterson) theory. FT-IR spectroscopic studies supported the results and clearly indicated that a strong intermolecular interactions exist between 1P and Amines components in the binary mixture which is also recognized by GTA. The u data were examined by different correlations like Nomoto, Impedance dependence, Van Dael, JFLT (Jacobson’s free length theory) and CFT (Schaaff’s collision factor theory).

Estimate of the magnitude of risky and protective behaviors associated with road traffic injuries in capitals participating in the Life in Traffic Project of Brazil.

BackgroundBrazil occupies the fifth position in the ranking of the highest mortality rates due to RTI in the world. With the objective of promoting traffic safety and consequently reducing deaths, Brazil created the Life in Traffic Project (LTP). The main goal of LTP is reducing 50% of RTI deaths, by promoting interventions to tackle risk factors, such as driving under the influence of alcohol and excessive and/or inappropriate speed. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of risky and protective factors for RTI in capitals participating in the LTP in Brazil. We estimated these factors according to sociodemographic (age group, sex, education, race and, type of road user).MethodsA total of 5,922 car drivers and motorcyclists from 14 Brazilian capitals participating in the LTP were interviewed. Data collection was carried out in sobriety checkpoints at night and consisted of the administration of an interview and a breathalyzer test. Risky and protective behaviors associated with RTI were investigated. Covariates of the study were: age, sex, education, race and, type of road user. Poisson multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables of interest.ResultsThe prevalence of individuals with positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 6.3% and who reported driving after drinking alcohol in the last 30 days was 9.1%. The others risky behaviors reported were: driving at excessive speed on roads of 50 km/h, using a cell phone for calls while driving, using a cell phone to send or read calls while driving, running a red light. Use of seatbelts and helmets showed prevalence above 96,0% Use of seatbelts showed prevalence of 98.6% among car drivers, and helmet use was described by 96.6% of motorcycle drivers. Most risky behaviors were more prevalent in younger age groups (except BAC measurement higher in older participants), in males (except for cell phone use), in participants with higher education level and without a driver’s license.ConclusionExcessive speed and driving under the influence of alcohol, defined as priorities within the LTP, need more consistent interventions, as they still have considerable prevalence in the cities investigated. The factors described such as cell phone usage and passing red traffic lights should also need to be prioritized as a focus on promoting traffic safety.

Design and Implementation of In-Vehicle Alcohol Detection and Speed Control System

This study presented an effective method for reducing the rise in the number of road accidents instigated by drivers' excessive alcohol consumption on Nigerian roadways. Although speed restrictions and other preventative measures have been introduced, traffic accidents continue to occur daily. Over speeding, rash driving and drunk driving are all major contributors to motor vehicle accidents. To introduce this concept, this study has built an IOT-based in-vehicle alcohol detection and speed control system using the Arduino Nano microcontroller connected to the alcohol sensor, LCD display, and DC motor with the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Application and Blynk Cloud Server for remote control and monitoring. This system uses the MQ-3 sensor to continuously monitor the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and detect the presence of alcohol during breathing. This system can continuously monitor the alcohol content of the driver's breathing by installing a sensor in the steering wheel. This device was capable of detecting excessive speed and was programmed to alert with an SMS. After testing, it was determined that the suggested system met the standards for starting a car's engine. If the driver's breath alcohol level is discovered to be greater than the prescribed level (BAC) of 0.5 mg/mL, relevant individuals and authorities will be notified through GSM. The experimental results indicate that the alcohol sensor can respond rapidly when alcohol is detected and also operate for an extended period.

Design of Modified RNS-PPA Based FIR Filter for High-Speed Application

The primary motive of this paper is to give the design and implementation of RNS (Residue Number System) based Area efficient and excessive-overall performance FIR filter of 4-tap, eight-tap, 16-tap of input eight bit. Additionally, RNS mathematics is a treasured device for theoretical research of the limits of fast mathematics. These proposed strategies additionally have a few additions operation, through the use of convention adder will decrease the speed of operation and additionally increase the number of logic gates. So, to conquer the one's issues we are using Ladner Fischer parallel prefix adder to lower the delay and area. First, the multiplier is designed through the use of RNS approach. In which the delay is decreased through 78.57% and power dissipation is likewise reduced to 64.65% for the RNS_PPA multiplier. A combination of those algorithms generates a brand-new structure of excessive speed and low implementation area in a single multiplier for FIR filter using Xilinx 14.7.

Enhancement in Quality-of-Services using 5G cellular network using resource reservation protocol

Mobile verbal exchange is viewed as one of the essential problem in the area of cellular networks. A mobile community apparatuses the proper public model to contribute packet of the data services on excessive speed. The packets of data service model are mandatory to improve the quality of service (QoS). This lookup exertion offers the Improvement of QoS and radio get right of entry to 5G Mobile Networks. Towards improve built-in services, a useful resource allocation protocol is applied at “Radio Access Network (RAN)” layer to improve the QoS in 5G. QoS labeling is a form of organizational communication that enables a local hub or exit station to communicate with or signal its neighbors to request special adjusting to of favorable traffic. QoS highlighting is helpful to provide ways for site visitors to adjust. ISP perform well and show full potential of the pervasive network by utilizing the simulation model in 5G’s ultra-low latency, real-time connectivity, significantly increased capacity, and quick speed. This will help to make device connections faster, more efficient, and less prone to delays. Lower, medium, and high frequency bands can be used to categories 5G. Mid-bandwidth enables better cell broadband connections or greater machine-to-machine communication and provides faster connectivity than 4G at close range.

Experimental study on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine with high supercharged condition

The effect of diesel engine continuous strengthening on combustion and emission remains to be clarified. This study tested combustion and emission processes at different intake pressures on a single-cylinder diesel engine. The results show that the combustion of diesel engine after continuous strengthening is concentrated in diffusion and post-combustion periods, the overall heat release slows down, and the power increment decreases gradually. When the intake pressure increases to 0.25MPa, the premixed heat release peak almost disappears, while the value of diffusion combustion period increases significantly. Meanwhile, the gravity center of combustion moves backward and the cumulative heat release rate decreases. The power increases by 95% as the intake pressure increases from 0.15MPa to 0.25MPa, but only 44% as it further increases to 0.36MPa. Meanwhile, the exhaust temperature increases after high supercharging. The above effects are more prominent at high excess air coefficient and low speed. Moreover, with the decrease of excess air coefficient, the proportion of heat release in the post-combustion stage to the whole combustion increases and the power increment is limited. However, the thermal efficiency decreases approximately linearly and the fuel consumption rate increases sharply. In addition, as the excess air coefficient decreases, the exhaust temperature increases, PM increases and NOx decreases. The above effects are more pronounced at higher boost ratio.

The level of delay caused by crashes (LDC) in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas: a comparative analysis of improved Random Forests and LightGBM

Traffic crashes cause serious traffic delay and have some unobserved heterogeneity in different areas. Using Texas accident data in 2020, this article aims to predict the level of delay caused by crashes (LDC) accurately and efficiently and discuss the difference between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. A framework based on Random Forests (RF) and LightGBM (LGBM) is developed to measure the association between LDC and its possible risk factors. At first, the most relevant variables in different areas were recognised through recursive feature elimination based on logistic regression. Then, LDC were forecasted by classifiers after grid search hyper parameters. To resolve data imbalance, two threshold moving methods of maximisation G-mean and F1-score were used. Finally, SHapley Additive explanation was employed to interpret the best model. The results indicate that the improved RF performs better in metropolitan areas and the improved LGBM performs better in non-metropolitan areas. In addition, Highway, spring and sunrise are the main risk factors of higher LDC in the two areas. And excessive wind speed and temperature in metropolitan areas can lead to higher LDC while in non-metropolitan areas it is pressure and apparent temperature.

The glycocalyx affects the mechanotransductive perception of the topographical microenvironment

The cell/microenvironment interface is the starting point of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction, but many details of mechanotransductive signal integration remain elusive due to the complexity of the involved (extra)cellular structures, such as the glycocalyx. We used nano-bio-interfaces reproducing the complex nanotopographical features of the extracellular matrix to analyse the glycocalyx impact on PC12 cell mechanosensing at the nanoscale (e.g., by force spectroscopy with functionalised probes). Our data demonstrates that the glycocalyx configuration affects spatio-temporal nanotopography-sensitive mechanotransductive events at the cell/microenvironment interface. Opposing effects of major glycocalyx removal were observed, when comparing flat and specific nanotopographical conditions. The excessive retrograde actin flow speed and force loading are strongly reduced on certain nanotopographies upon strong reduction of the native glycocalyx, while on the flat substrate we observe the opposite trend. Our results highlight the importance of the glycocalyx configuration in a molecular clutch force loading-dependent cellular mechanism for mechanosensing of microenvironmental nanotopographical features.Graphical