Excessive Focus Research Articles

Prehospital ultrasound constitutes a potential distraction from the observation of critically ill patients: a prospective simulation study

BackgroundPrehospital point-of-care ultrasound allows an unstable patient to be rapidly and accurately assessed. However, we are concerned that an excessive focus on the ultrasound device, in an already demanding emergency medical service environment, may distract from patient care, potentially leading to reduced situational awareness and the neglect of other crucial instruments, such as the patient monitor. Thus, in this study, we examined the influence of prehospital ultrasound on situational awareness, by studying the degree to which physicians were distracted from the patient monitor.MethodsWe observed HEMS physicians in a simulated setting and analysed their gaze behaviour using an eye tracker placed on three areas of interests: the ultrasound device, the patient and the patient monitor. In the course of the experiment, the simulated patient desaturated, which was presented on the patient monitor. The primary outcome was the fraction of gaze distribution across the three areas of interest, while secondary outcomes were different gaze metrics (dwell time, revisits, average duration of visual intake and entry time) on the patient monitor. We then compared the participants who noticed the patient’s deterioration with those who did not.ResultsIn 75% of cases, the severely decreased oxygen saturation went unnoticed during the test. Moreover, the gaze distribution of the two groups differed, with the group that recognised the deterioration focusing longer on the patient monitor (7.8% (95% CI 5–10.7) vs 0.1% (95% CI 0–0.3), p: 0.124).ConclusionsThe task of performing an ultrasound examination appears to overwhelm some participants and distract them from other aspects of the scenario. Efforts to mitigate distractions and optimise the use of prehospital ultrasound, such as education, a focus on human factors aspects and standardisation, are crucial for maximising the potential benefits of prehospital ultrasound.

The Double-Edged Sword of Tension: How Moderate Stress Enhances Performance While Over-Focus Impairs It

Tension, often considered a negative emotional state, has traditionally been viewed as detrimental to performance, particularly when excessive. However, emerging research suggests that tension, when experienced at moderate levels, may have a facilitating effect on task performance by activating physiological and cognitive resources. This study explores the dual effects of tension on behavioral outcomes, proposing that moderate tension improves performance by enhancing arousal and resource mobilization, while excessive focus on tension can lead to cognitive overload, impairing task performance. Two hypotheses are tested: (H1) moderate tension enhances task performance through physiological arousal mechanisms such as increased adrenaline secretion, and (H2) excessive focus on tension increases cognitive load, leading to poorer performance. A randomized experimental design will be employed, with participants assigned to a moderate tension group, an excessive tension focus group, and a control group. Physiological measures, including heart rate and galvanic skin response (GSR), along with task performance indicators, will be collected. The expected results will provide empirical evidence supporting the positive role of moderate tension in enhancing behavioral outcomes and highlight the detrimental effects of excessive tension focus. This study offers theoretical insights into the dual nature of tension and practical implications for managing tension in high-pressure task environments.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Nawiri Sacco Society Limited in Embu County, Kenya

This study explored the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and financial performance in the context of Nawiri Sacco Society Limited in Embu County, Kenya. Given the dynamic nature of CSR and the divergent results from global studies on its impact on financial performance, this research aimed to shed light on whether CSR activities contributed positively to Nawiri Sacco's financial outcomes. Specifically, it examined how stakeholder expectations, regulatory compliance, CSR-related costs and risks, and industry characteristics affected the Sacco’s financial performance. The research employed a regression model to evaluate these factors, with a notable emphasis on how stakeholder pressures and regulatory frameworks shaped CSR's financial implications. Data was collected from 85 executive members through structured questionnaires, achieving an impressive 88.9% response rate, which supported the reliability of the results.The findings indicated a significant relationship between CSR and financial performance, revealing mixed effects among the different CSR factors. For instance, stakeholder expectations showed a negative impact on financial performance, suggesting that while stakeholder engagement was critical, excessive focus could strain financial resources. Conversely, regulatory compliance, cost implications, and industry characteristics demonstrated a positive association, highlighting the potential of CSR to improve financial outcomes when effectively managed. These insights reinforced the need for a balanced CSR strategy that aligned with both social responsibilities and financial goals. This study contributed to existing literature by focusing on a Sacco's CSR practices, adding a unique perspective on how socially responsible initiatives could affect financial performance in cooperative institutions, particularly within the Kenyan context.

Living From Test to Test: A Concept Analysis of CA-125 Preoccupation in Ovarian Cancer Survivorship

Background: Ovarian cancer has a high risk of recurrence and is rarely curable. One method for monitoring recurrence is trending Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. However, treatment based on rising CA-125 levels is controversial, often contributing to anxiety and an excessive focus on test results, described as “CA-125 preoccupation.” Objective: To present an analysis on the concept of CA-125 preoccupation. Methods: Rodgers’ method of evolutionary concept analysis was used to evaluate the attributes, antecedents, and consequences. PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic databases were searched. Results: Antecedents include a diagnosis of ovarian cancer that necessitates CA-125 surveillance, awareness of CA-125 as a tumor marker, and perceived disease status. Attributes include psychosocial symptoms characterized by a fixation with CA-125 levels and symptoms of anxiety, depression, distress, and illness intrusiveness that present in a cyclical pattern. Consequences include urgency to treat rising levels and surveillance and survivorship care preferences. Conclusions: CA-125 preoccupation is characterized by psychosocial symptoms that present in a cyclical and dynamic state akin to living “test to test” or feeling suspended in a perpetual cycle of tests, driven by a desire to feel relief or prompt action. Implications for Practice: Nurses are poised to influence the patient’s experience through identification of the presence of CA-125 preoccupation and its consequences. Understanding the antecedents and attributes of CA-125 may assist with identifying women who are most at risk. What is Foundational: This research presents the first known conceptual definition of CA-125 preoccupation, which may lead to validated survey measures and improved survivorship care.

REGULAÇÃO LEGAL DAS REDES SOCIAIS: PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS E LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO

The legal regulation of social networks is a field in constant evolution, which seeks to balance two fundamental pillars in the digital era: data protection and freedom of expression. Social networks manage a huge amount of personal data, which makes the existence of legal frameworks that protect users’ privacy imperative. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazil establish strict standards on how platforms must manage personal information. These laws not only allow users to access, correct or delete their data, but also impose sanctions on companies that do not comply with these requirements, ensuring a high level of security and transparency. At the same time, freedom of expression is a fundamental right that must be protected in the digital environment. However, exercising this right on social media often conflicts with the need to moderate content that may be considered offensive, dangerous or even illegal. Platforms implement moderation policies to mitigate the spread of hate speech, misinformation, and other harmful content. This, however, creates significant challenges in relation to censorship and the delimitation of permitted speech, which can affect the free expression of ideas and opinions. The challenge lies in finding an appropriate balance between protecting users’ privacy and data and enabling robust freedom of expression. An excessive focus on data protection can limit users’ ability to express themselves freely, while unrestricted freedom of expression can put individuals’ security and privacy at risk. As social media becomes more deeply integrated into everyday life and becomes a key platform for communication and the exchange of ideas, it is essential that regulations continue to adapt to address these dilemmas in a balanced and fair way. The future of regulation in this field will depend on the ability of legislators and platforms to adapt to rapid technological and social changes. ensuring that both rights are protected effectively and equitably.

Quantitative assessment of congestion diffusion and cascading effect under rainfall-flood disasters: A case study of Nanjing, China

Urban road networks are frequently disrupted by flooding rainfall-flood disasters, which can cause severe traffic disruptions and leading to traffic congestion due to cascading effect. This paper investigates the reliability issues under rainfall-flood conditions. A coupled model, integrating a rainfall-flood model with an improved cascading failure model, is proposed to assess how rainfall intensities and flooding will influence traffic congestion and bring network instability. Utilizing an improved Nonlinear Load-Capacity model, we quantify the impact of congestion and analyze cascading processes under various rainfall-flood conditions. The case study in Nanjing, China reveal that, when congestion causes network pressure to exceed the traffic percolation threshold, traffic congestion diffusion becomes more pronounced, putting excessive strain on other passable roads. Network cascading failures due to traffic congestion diffusion can lead to excessive focus on the remaining passable roads, resulting in a sharp increase in the average importance. The significance of this work lies in its provision of an effective method for predicting potential network disruptions and cascading failures in advance, thereby enhancing post-disaster road operations.

Please show restraint: excessive focus on catastrophic events can lead to greater psychological trauma

BackgroundThis study explored the relationship between attention, negative emotions, empathy, mindfulness, and psychological trauma in catastrophic events to reduce psychological trauma in the public.MethodsA total of 526 adults in Guangxi Province, China, were investigated using self-rating scales for post-traumatic stress disorder, emotion, and empathy, as well as a five-factor self-rating mindfulness scale and a catastrophic incident concern questionnaire.ResultsThe results revealed the following: (1) Emotion significantly mediated attention and psychological trauma. (2) Empathy had a significant mediating effect on attention and psychological trauma. (3) Mindfulness moderated the relationship between negative emotions and psychological trauma, amplifying the impact of emotions on trauma rather than buffering it.ConclusionsWhen people pay attention to catastrophic events, they should remain sensible and restrained, and avoid excessive emotional involvement to reduce the excessive psychological trauma caused by the event.

Breaking the Loop: A Meta‐Analysis on the Bidirectional Effects of Materialism on Social Well‐Being Outlining Future Research Directions

ABSTRACTThis meta‐analysis examines correlational and experimental research linking materialism—broadly understood as an excessive focus on acquiring wealth and possessions that convey status—and social well‐being—characterised by healthy interpersonal relationships and a sense of social support and integration. We identified 55 reports containing 72 independent studies and 123 effect sizes (N = 44,376). Meta‐analytic calculations yielded a pooled effect of r = −0.18, suggesting that the effects of materialism on social well‐being (e.g., loneliness or relationship satisfaction) may be greater than the effects of materialism on individual well‐being (e.g., self‐esteem or life satisfaction). Moderation analyses revealed that the effects are bi‐directional, consistent across genders and cultures and significantly stronger in children and adolescents. These findings emphasise the universal and reciprocal link between materialism and social well‐being and highlight the particular vulnerability of younger populations. Based on the results, we propose suggestions for further research to address the existing gaps and strengthen the current evidence, and recommend a sample size of 240 participants for correlational studies and 50 participants per group for experimental research. This work calls for targeted interventions and policies to tackle the adverse social effects of materialism, particularly among young populations.

Teaching Pronunciation to EFL Learners at the Tertiary Level: Perspectives of Professors at Saudi Universities

This study aimed to provide a novel, focused program for instructing English pronunciation to Saudi EFL university students, grounded upon identified mistake patterns. In addition, to execute the customized curriculum in pronunciation instruction for a group of Saudi EFL students. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficacy of the tailored curriculum by measuring enhancements in pronunciation accuracy. Additionally, to investigate the attitudes and experiences of EFL professors at various Saudi universities regarding the designated pronunciation curriculum using surveys. The researchers adopted the analytical-descriptive research method, utilizing the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from thirty-three EFL university professors who teach English at different Saudi universities. The main findings of this study were: excessive focus on instructing individual phonemes, prioritization of suprasegmentals; overdependence on standardized evaluations. The significant levels of disagreement suggest that these techniques may not adequately meet the pronunciation requirements of Arabic EFL learners. Allocating time for pronunciation may possess some merit, while its execution necessitates additional investigation. The consensus on communicative instruction suggests potential for this methodology if effectively employed. Technological tools were regarded as beneficial instruments, consistent with studies on computer-assisted pronunciation instruction. The efficacy of customizing curriculum to address faults made by Arabic learners; Emphasis on pronunciation instruction within educational institutions. The main recommendations were adopting communicative instructional methodologies for teaching pronunciation enhances the growth of EFL learners, employing technological equipment acts as advantageous tools in enhancing pronunciation education, and additional comparison investigations and lectures must be undertaken to establish a correlation between the phonological systems of learners' native language and the target language.

A Critical Review of Smart Residential Environment Research Focusing Human–Building Interaction

Most studies on smart residential environments have focused on adopting cutting-edge technologies rather than on user factors. There is little research on interaction with building technologies to support residents’ experiences in smart residential environments. This paper explores the current status of smart residential environment research from the human–building interaction perspective through a critical review of articles published in Q1 journals during 2013 to 2022. For our critical review, we developed an evaluation framework based on our definition of human–building interaction. Our results identified there are limitations in smart residential environments research: a lack of consideration of human-building interaction in the field of the built environment, an excessive focus on the user–technology interaction for performance, and less consideration of urban and architectural design issues regarding human–building interaction. To bridge the gap in the research, the three key points are discussed. Last, we propose a conceptual framework for designing and delivering improved smart residential environments, emphasizing the role of stakeholders in each smart residential environment lifecycle stage to achieve a balanced interaction between the three key elements: users, the built environment, and technologies.

Правова заборона як метод обмеження політичної влади

The issue of legal prohibitions in national and European law has a pronounced interdisciplinary content. The modern Ukrainian environment, through which the legal values of European (Euro-Atlantic) and universal civilizations – principles, norms, institutions, sources of law, legal procedures, etc. – are “refracted” (“passed through”), is quite heterogeneous and contradictory, and this cannot but affect the peculiarities of Ukrainian law. These problems include, in particular, the absence, unlike in many European countries, of an explicit enshrinement of the principle of proportionality in the Constitution of Ukraine. This refers to the balance, proportionality of public interests and the interests of an individual in case of need to restrict his or her rights; excessive restrictions on human rights; distortion of the essence of the restricted rights; failure to comply with ECHR judgments at the “home level”; examples of risks when both the purpose and the means are inadequate to the specific situation requiring such a restriction, i.e., in an acceptable ratio to the weight and importance of the fundamental right. The author suggests the following areas of legal measures’ effectiveness: bringing regulations in line with international standards; further improvement of legislation; bringing restrictions of different levels (interstate, national, municipal) into the system; social justification and scientific validity of their establishment and use; increasing the legality and effectiveness of restrictions in the exercise of law; creation of real guarantees of lawful implementation of restrictive measures; legal education and legal education for all segments of the population. The prospects opened up for Ukraine in connection with its EU candidate status require not only further adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU legal framework, continuation of reforms of the judicial system, law enforcement agencies, etc., but also a significant change in legal awareness, legal mentality and legal thinking of both ordinary Ukrainian citizens and, above all, public officials, judges, law enforcement officers, etc.Without such a change, these prospects may not be realized. It is stated that Ukraine’s heroic struggle against the Russian military invasion for freedom and independence significantly accelerated the formation of a full-fledged modern political Ukrainian nation. The war proved that an excessive focus on regional differences based on the principle of “what difference does it make” whether certain regions profess Soviet, national Ukrainian, or European values is futile. Of course, we are not talking about forming the same views on historical events or contemporary problems for all people, let alone the same type of thinking, which is what all totalitarian regimes have sought. The point is that, despite all the regional differences that are inherent in almost all states, the basic, fundamental values that define national identity should be common to all regions of the state. Modern history knows of no examples of democratic and legal states being built along different civilizational vectors. This is typical only for empire states, whose fate ultimately ends in the same way – in catastrophe.

Dual-Stream Feature Collaboration Perception Network for Salient Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

As the core technology of artificial intelligence, salient object detection (SOD) is an important approach to improve the analysis efficiency of remote sensing images by intelligently identifying key areas in images. However, existing methods that rely on a single strategy, convolution or Transformer, exhibit certain limitations in complex remote sensing scenarios. Therefore, we developed a Dual-Stream Feature Collaboration Perception Network (DCPNet) to enable the collaborative work and feature complementation of Transformer and CNN. First, we adopted a dual-branch feature extractor with strong local bias and long-range dependence characteristics to perform multi-scale feature extraction from remote sensing images. Then, we presented a Multi-path Complementary-aware Interaction Module (MCIM) to refine and fuse the feature representations of salient targets from the global and local branches, achieving fine-grained fusion and interactive alignment of dual-branch features. Finally, we proposed a Feature Weighting Balance Module (FWBM) to balance global and local features, preventing the model from overemphasizing global information at the expense of local details or from inadequately mining global cues due to excessive focus on local information. Extensive experiments on the EORSSD and ORSSD datasets demonstrated that DCPNet outperformed the current 19 state-of-the-art methods.

Residual SwinV2 transformer coordinate attention network for image super resolution

Swin Transformers have been designed and used in various image super-resolution (SR) applications. One of the recent image restoration methods is RSTCANet, which combines Swin Transformer with Channel Attention. However, for some channels of images that may carry less useful information or noise, Channel Attention cannot automatically learn the insignificance of these channels. Instead, it tries to enhance their expression capability by adjusting the weights. It may lead to excessive focus on noise information while neglecting more essential features. In this paper, we propose a new image SR method, RSVTCANet, based on an extension of Swin2SR. Specifically, to effectively gather global information for the channel of images, we modify the Residual SwinV2 Transformer blocks in Swin2SR by introducing the coordinate attention for each two successive SwinV2 Transformer Layers (S2TL) and replacing Multi-head Self-Attention (MSA) with Efficient Multi-head Self-Attention version 2 (EMSAv2) to employ the resulting residual SwinV2 Transformer coordinate attention blocks (RSVTCABs) for feature extraction. Additionally, to improve the generalization of RSVTCANet during training, we apply an optimized RandAugment for data augmentation on the training dataset. Extensive experimental results show that RSVTCANet outperforms the recent image SR method regarding visual quality and measures such as PSNR and SSIM.

On refugee integration as organizing processes—Action nets, agency, and power

There has been growing interest recently in the role of organizations in supporting the integration of refugees into the receiving country's labor market and society. In much of this literature, organizations are conceptualized as stable entities and instruments designed to achieve specific collective objectives. While the formal aspects of organization cannot be ignored, the present excessive focus on them inhibits a more profound understanding of the intricacies of the everyday organizing of refugee integration, much of which takes place in between, outside, across, and despite organizations. This paper aims to review emerging approaches in the study of organizing critically, with particular focus on European management and organization studies. It seeks to demonstrate the value of these approaches in exploring and understanding the efforts to integrate refugees into European labor markets and societies.

PREFERENCE FACTORS REGARDING CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY ANONYMITY: BEHAVIOURAL, CULTURAL, OR INSTITUTIONAL

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) offer a model of monetary order that potentially reduces the social costs associated with money circulation compared to private cryptocurrencies, which are energy-intensive. However, the success of CBDCs is contingent on design choices, which may conflict with policy goals and consumer preferences. A key challenge is the balance between transaction privacy/anonymity and payment convenience/functionality. Preferences for privacy/convenience are influenced by cultural attitudes, behavioural factors, and trust in institutions. This research seeks to address the following questions: 1) How do cultural and behavioural factors interact to shape preferences for CBDC anonymity/privacy? 2) To what extent do behavioural biases moderate cultural constraints? 3) Is there a correlation between such moderation and levels of trust? A survey (Google Forms, 19 questions) was administered to 164 respondents from Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. Analysis reveals that regional homogeneity in responses suggests culturally conditioned preferences. However, preferences for anonymity over convenience are significantly influenced by institutional factors beyond culture. Culture does not appear to be a decisive factor in matters of trust. In cases of lower trust in monetary institutions, preferences for convenience outweigh anonymity. The study concludes that successful CBDC design is context-specific and depends on the unique circumstances of individual countries. Central banks must understand consumer preferences within their respective countries to choose an optimal CBDC design. However, excessive focus on "marketing" to consumer preferences may undermine the central bank's role as a policymaker, while choosing the right design is crucial for CBDC's success.

Investigating The Impact of Communication Apprehension on Learning Public Speaking of English Major Students

Being able to stand in front of a crowd and speak in front of an audience is important for improving the academic achievement of individuals in the present as well as support for future career development. McCroskey and Richmond (1987) assert that the ability to speak in public is important for persuasion and effective communication because it allows people to confidently convey their ideas, engage an audience, and express themselves clearly. However, Horwitz et al. (1991) define linguistic CA as the feelings of discomfort or uncomfortable experienced by foreign language learners. Learning a foreign language can be stressful for many students, especially when they are in the classroom. This study aimed to investigate the impact of communication apprehension (CA) on the learning of public speaking skills among English major students at Nam Can Tho University. A quantitative data collection method was used to address three key research questions: (1) How does communication apprehension affect the learning of public speaking skills? (2) What are the common causes of communication apprehension among English major students? (3) What are the possible methods to reduce communication apprehension and improve public speaking skills? The study utilizes a questionnaire including 47 questions to identify common causes of communication apprehension (CA) to explore potential strategies to deal with CA in public speaking. The Reliability Analysis on 50 items of these clusters showed that the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire could be acceptable for all parts. The sample consisted of 135 university students enrolled in English Studies major in 4 different classes. They averaged around 18 to 22 years of age with 29,6 percent being males, and 70,4 percent being female. The result showed that the preparation skills significantly impact the result of public speaking. Besides, based on the questionnaire result, factors like inappropriate self-expectations, fear of evaluation, excessive focus on the topic, and fear of the audience's reactions have no effect or minor effect on their public speaking. The findings of this research help the students improve their public speaking skills and inform the development of effective interventions to enhance their communication competence.

Adjustment trade-offs and negative emotion reciprocation in adolescent-mother dyads during COVID-19

Adolescents may benefit socially from family members’ negative emotional reciprocation (e.g., having levels of concern about a certain thing that match with another family member), but excessive focus on their own anxiety can lead to negative outcomes. To date, implications of this ‘trade-off’ in adolescent-parent dyads (e.g., Rose in Child Development Perspectives 15(3):176–181 2021) for youth adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic remain largely unexplored. During the fourth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong (September 2020 to April 2021), 349 first-year university students from varying socioeconomic backgrounds and following diverse study majors (T1 Madolescent age = 18.2 years, 60.3% female) and their mothers gave bi-weekly reports of COVID-related preoccupation, negative affect, and perceived relational support from their dyad partner (5183 observations over 16 assessments). Multilevel response surface analyses tested whether congruence in COVID preoccupation between mothers and adolescents predicted relationship quality and negative affect over time. Results suggested that negative emotion reciprocation had ‘trade-off’ effects for adolescents’ adjustment. Youth who matched high levels of COVID preoccupation with mothers reported the most relational support but also reported higher negative affect than youth with lower levels of COVID preoccupation. Mothers’ reported support from adolescents was not related to either mothers’ or adolescents’ preoccupation. Mothers’ negative affect was only associated with their own COVID preoccupation. Our findings suggest that adolescents may have derived some benefit from adolescent-mother negative emotion reciprocation, whereas mothers did not. The absence of trade-off effects in mothers may be linked to Chinese cultural norms of preserving the hierarchical family structure, such that the negative emotion reciprocation process in Chinese adolescent-mother dyads might be more adolescent-focused, i.e., revolving around the adolescents’ distress rather than the parents’.

Development of a Sports Safety Promotion Framework Based on KABP Theory and 4M Management

This study explores the significance, current research landscape, and conceptualization of sports safety promotion. Safety in sports is fundamental to youth physical activities, and an excessive focus on or neglect of safety is unwarranted. Globally, numerous countries have extensively researched sports safety promotion and implemented diverse strategies. Drawing from KABP (Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Practice) theory and 4M (Man, Machine, Medium, Management) management, this paper presents a conceptual framework for sports safety promotion. It integrates these theories to devise a comprehensive accident prevention model within a sports safety promotion system. The framework prioritizes enhancing students’ safety literacy and underscores the practical application of safety knowledge and skills in simulated sports settings following structured safety education. It aims to enhance students’ competency and proficiency in averting sports-related injuries.

KHI XẾP HẠNG TRỞ THÀNH MỤC TIÊU: PHÂN TÍCH QUY LUẬT GOODHART TRONG XẾP HẠNG ĐẠI HỌC Ở VIỆT NAM

Goodhart's Law describes the phenomenon where a measure becomes a target, leading to behaviors aimed at optimizing that measure rather than achieving the true underlying goals. In the context of university rankings, excessive focus on attaining higher ranks can incentivize universities to manipulate metrics rather than genuinely improving educational quality. Analyzing this behavioral shift, research highlights the negative impacts of Goodhart's Law in higher education, particularly in Vietnam. Instead of enhancing teaching and research quality, universities often prioritize ranking advancement through opaque methods. This competitive race results in high costs for students and families without commensurate educational benefits. Addressing these issues requires raising awareness, establishing new evaluation approaches, and promoting genuine educational practices. Keywords: Goodhart; university; ranking; quality.

Lightweight bobbin yarn detection model for auto-coner with yarn bank

The automated replacement of empty tubes in the yarn bank is a critical step in the process of automatic winding machines with yarn banks, as the real-time detection of depleted yarn on spools and accurate positioning of empty tubes directly impact the production efficiency of winding machines. Addressing the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as poor adaptability and low sensitivity in optical and visual tube detection, and aiming to reduce the computational and detection time costs introduced by neural networks, this paper proposes a lightweight yarn spool detection model based on YOLOv8. The model utilizes Darknet-53 as the backbone network, and due to the dense spatial distribution of yarn spool targets, it incorporates large selective kernel units to enhance the recognition and positioning of dense targets. To address the issue of excessive focus on local features by convolutional neural networks, a bi-level routing attention mechanism is introduced to capture long-distance dependencies dynamically. Furthermore, to balance accuracy and detection speed, a FasterNeck is constructed as the neck network, replacing the original convolutional blocks with Ghost convolutions and integrating with FasterNet. This design minimizes the sacrifice of detection accuracy while achieving a significant improvement in inference speed. Lastly, the model employs weighted IoU with a dynamic focusing mechanism as the bounding box loss function. Experimental results on a custom yarn spool dataset demonstrate a notable improvement over the baseline model, with a high-confidence mAP of 94.2% and a compact weight size of only 4.9 MB. The detection speed reaches 223FPS, meeting the requirements for industrial deployment and real-time detection.