Excessive Fluctuations Research Articles

Noise modelling of perfusion CT images for robust hemodynamic parameter estimations

Objective. The radiation dose of cerebral perfusion computed tomography (CPCT) imaging can be reduced by lowering the milliampere-second or kilovoltage peak. However, dose reduction can decrease image quality due to excessive x-ray quanta fluctuation and reduced detector signal relative to system electronic noise, thereby influencing the accuracy of hemodynamic parameters for patients with acute stroke. Existing low-dose CPCT denoising methods, which mainly focus on specific temporal and spatial prior knowledge in low-dose CPCT images, not take the noise distribution characteristics of low-dose CPCT images into consideration. In practice, the noise of low-dose CPCT images can be much more complicated. This study first investigates the noise properties in low-dose CPCT images and proposes a perfusion deconvolution model based on the noise properties. Approach. To characterize the noise distribution in CPCT images properly, we analyze noise properties in low-dose CPCT images and find that the intra-frame noise distribution may vary in the different areas and the inter-frame noise also may vary in low-dose CPCT images. Thus, we attempt the first-ever effort to model CPCT noise with a non-independent and identical distribution (i.i.d.) mixture-of-Gaussians (MoG) model for noise assumption. Furthermore, we integrate the noise modeling strategy into a perfusion deconvolution model and present a novel perfusion deconvolution method by using self-relative structural similarity information and MoG model (named as SR-MoG) to estimate the hemodynamic parameters accurately. In the presented SR-MoG method, the self-relative structural similarity information is obtained from preprocessed low-dose CPCT images. Main results. The results show that the presented SR-MoG method can achieve promising gains over the existing deconvolution approaches. In particular, the average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time was improved by 40.3%, 69.1%, and 40.8% in the digital phantom study, and the average RMSE of CBF can be improved by 81.0% in the clinical data study, compared with tensor total variation regularization deconvolution method. Significance. The presented SR-MoG method can estimate high-accuracy hemodynamic parameters andachieve promising gains over the existing deconvolution approaches.

Is Exercise Blood Pressure Putting the Brake on Exercise Rehabilitation after Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery?

(1) Background: Exercise is recommended to improve physical fitness in patients recovering from acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). However, surgery corrects the diseased blood vessels and reduces the risk of ATAAD, but it does not redefine a safe exercise blood pressure (BP) threshold. This review aimed to discuss whether the safe threshold of exercise BP can be upregulated after ATAAD surgery to increase exercise intensity with additional benefits. (2) Data sources: The PubMed databases were searched with the keywords “type A acute aortic dissection surgery”, “exercise”, “BP”, “stress”, and variations of these terms. (3) Study selection: Data from clinical trials, guidelines, and recent reviews were selected for review. (4) Results: Regular exercise can be considered a cardioprotective intervention for aortic dissection patients by attenuating hemodynamic responses at rest and during exercise. Previous studies have mainly focused on moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. In practice, the exercise systolic BP of some patients was higher than 160 mm Hg without adverse events, which indicates that the training intensity may be underestimated for patients after ATAAD surgery. Limited studies suggest a light-to-moderate resistance training for selected patients because it may cause a greater increase in BP. (5) Conclusions: Moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise supplemented by low-intensity resistance training is appropriate for cardiac rehabilitation after ATAAD surgery. The BP increase based on the normal exercise BP response, corresponding to the moderate-intensity is relatively safe. For high-risk post-ATAAD patients, considering the overall volume of training, personalizing the exercise regimen to remain within “safe” BP limits, and avoiding excessive fluctuations in BP should be the primary considerations for exercise training.

SNP Based Trait Characterization Detects Genetically Important and Stable Multiple Stress Tolerance Rice Genotypes in Salt-Stress Environments.

Soil salinity is a major constraint to rice production in coastal areas around the globe, and modern high-yielding rice cultivars are more sensitive to high salt stress, which limits rice productivity. Traditional breeding programs find it challenging to develop stable salt-tolerant rice cultivars with other stress-tolerant for the saline environment in Bangladesh due to large yield variations caused by excessive salinity fluctuations during the dry (boro) season. We examined trait characterization of 18 advanced breeding lines using SNP genotyping and among them, we found line G6 (BR9621-B-1-2-11) (single breeding line with multiple-stress-tolerant QTL/genes) possessed 9 useful QTLs/genes, and two lines (G4:BR9620-2-7-1-1 and G14: IR 103854-8-3-AJY1) carried 7 QTLs/genes that control the desirable traits. To evaluate yield efficiency and stability of 18 rice breeding lines, two years of field experiment data were analyzed using AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (Genotype, Genotype Environment) biplot analysis. The AMMI analysis of variance demonstrated significant genotype, environment, and their interaction, accounting for 14.48%, 62.38%, and 19.70% of the total variation, respectively, and revealed that among the genotypes G1, G13, G14, G17, and G18 were shown to some extent promising. Genotype G13 (IR 104002-CMU 28-CMU 1-CMU 3) was the most stable yield based on the AMMI stability value. The GGE biplot analysis indicates 76% of the total variation (PC1 48.5% and PC2 27.5%) which is performed for revealing genotype × environment interactions. In the GGE biplot analysis, genotypes were checked thoroughly in two mega-environments (ME). Genotype G14 (IR103854-8-3-AJY1) was the winning genotype in ME I, whereas G1 (BR9627-1-3-1-10) in ME II. Because of the salinity and stability factors, as well as the highest averages of grain yield, the GGE and AMMI biplot model can explain that G1 and G13 are the best genotypes. These (G1, G6, G13, G14, G17, and G18) improved multiple-stress-tolerant breeding lines with stable grain yield could be included in the variety release system in Bangladesh and be used as elite donor parents for the future breeding program as well as for commercial purposes with sustainable production.

Adaptive feedback threshold based demodulation for mobile visible light communication and positioning integrated system.

In this paper, a novel adaptive feedback threshold (AFT) based demodulation for mobile visible light communication and positioning (VLCP) integrated system is proposed. The AFT can vary with the received signal without excessive fluctuation and support communication and positioning in mobile environment. For the VLCP integrated system with single light emitting diodes (LED) and multiple photodetectors (PDs), maximal ratio combining (MRC) and received optical power ratio (ROPR) based on the AFT is further achieved for communication and positioning with high performance, respectively. It is demonstrated that high credible communication and high accuracy positioning for the mobile integrated VLCP system can be realized by using the proposed AFT based demodulation. As a result, the implemented VLCP system with a moving speed of 1 m/s is evaluated experimentally. Average positioning error of 3.43 cm with 800 mA current and the bit error ratio (BER) with different currents are also obtained.

On Estimating the Cosmic Molecular Gas Density from CO Line Intensity Mapping Observations

Abstract The Millimeter-wave Intensity Mapping Experiment (mmIME) recently reported a detection of excess spatial fluctuations at a wavelength of 3 mm, which can be attributed to unresolved emission of several CO rotational transitions between z ∼ 1 and 5. We study the implications of these data for the high-redshift interstellar medium using a suite of state-of-the-art semianalytic simulations that have successfully reproduced many other submillimeter line observations across the relevant redshift range. We find that the semianalytic predictions are mildly in tension with the mmIME result, with a predicted CO power ∼3.5σ below what was observed. We explore some simple modifications to the models that could resolve this tension. Increasing the molecular gas abundance at the relevant redshifts to ∼108 M ⊙ Mpc−3, a value well above that obtained from directly imaged sources, would resolve the discrepancy, as would assuming a CO–H2 conversion factor α CO of ∼1.5 M ⊙ K−1 (km s−1)−1 pc2, a value somewhat lower than is commonly assumed. We go on to demonstrate that these conclusions are quite sensitive to the detailed assumptions of our simulations, highlighting the need for more careful modeling efforts as more intensity mapping data become available.

Higher heart rate variability as a predictor of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the meaning of higher heart rate variability (HRV) in predicting AF remains unclear. Among 2100 patients in the Holter registry, a total of 782 hypertensive patients were included in this study. Baseline HRV was measured by time domain and frequency domain methods using 24-h Holter monitoring. The primary outcome was the development of AF. During an average follow-up of 1.1 years, 44 patients developed AF. Higher HRV parameters including high-frequency (P < 0.001), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (P < 0.001), and the percentage of NN intervals that are more than 50 ms different from the previous interval (P < 0.001) were associated with the occurrence of AF in univariate analysis. Premature atrial contractions burden, lower baseline heart rate, age, hemodialysis, coronary artery disease, and chronic heart failure were also associated with AF. In Cox regression analysis, higher HRV (representing excessive autonomic fluctuation) was an independent risk factor for AF. Excessive autonomic fluctuation represented by higher HRV in patients with hypertension was associated with an increased risk of AF.

Liquidity Fluctuations in Over‐the‐Counter Markets

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a theory of excess price fluctuations in over‐the‐counter secondary markets. When heterogeneous assets trade under asymmetric information, a quality effect emerges: high liquidity lowers the quality of the pool of sellers and decreases future liquidity. Cyclical equilibria can arise even without fundamental shocks. In a cycle, investors speculate by bidding up the price of low‐quality assets, anticipating a high resale price at the peak. When this resale effect is strong, cycles disappear and multiple steady states coexist with different levels of liquidity. The model rationalizes empirical patterns for corporate bonds and housing in particular.

Analyzing the Factors Affecting the Price of Broiler Chicken in Turkey Using the Boosting Regression Method

Investigating the factors that affect broiler chicken prices in Turkey is vital for understanding market formation. The parameters and factors likely to influence the price of broiler chicken were analyzed for the period between 2010-2020 in Turkey. The study adopted the boosting regression model to predict the correlation between broiler chicken consumer price and variable factors like broiler feed, corn, soybean meal, wheat prices, the dollar exchange rate, producer price index (PPI), and agricultural PPI. The accuracy of the estimation of the regression model created according to the results of the analysis was calculated as 86%. The producer price index variable caused the highest relative impact (25.63%) on broiler chicken meat prices. The highest positive correlation was obtained between the producer price index and the agricultural PPI (r = 0.984). Thus, it was determined that chicken prices were affected by feed raw material prices and the general economic conditions in Turkey. In addition to improving the prevailing economic conditions, an effective price control mechanism is required to prevent excessive price fluctuations in the sector. Simultaneously, it is essential to create policies to reduce input costs.

Exchange Rate Transaction of International Trade Goods Based on Fuzzy Granulation and Deep Learning

The change of international trade goods exchange rate transaction has an impact on economic operations and economic stability. Therefore, an international trade goods exchange rate transaction based on fuzzy granulation and in-depth learning is proposed. Based on fuzzy information granulation and BP neural network, this paper analyzes the interest rate evaluation theory. For the future expectation of currency exchange rate, portfolio equilibrium determines the proportional relationship of each component in the portfolio and analyzes the impact of asset price and exchange rate change according to this relationship. Then, it points out the risk evaluation index system, calculates the risk degree of exchange rate transaction of international trade goods, and then evaluates the risk of exchange rate transaction of international trade goods. It completes the research on exchange rate transactions of international trade goods based on fuzzy granulation and in-depth learning. The experimental results show that excessive exchange rate fluctuation will bring the same proportion fluctuation to the asset price in the financial market, and the coordination between exchange rates and the coordination of exchange rate and asset price can promote the steady growth of national economy.

Laser induced forward transfer of high viscosity silver paste on double groove structure

Front side metallization is a critical process for the production of solar cells; current research focuses on downsizing finger electrodes and lowering printing costs. Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) has the advantages of non-contact and non-mask, which can reduce wafer breakage and silver paste usage during front side metallization. Although LIFT is beneficial in reducing printing costs, it is difficult to further downsize fingers electrodes. In this study, a silicon wafer with a laser-etched double groove structure was adopted as the acceptor to increase the printing resolution of LIFT. During the transfer process, contact between silver paste film and acceptor can only occur in the narrow area between the double grooves. Since the contact area is restricted, the width of the printed line will not exceed the narrow area. This approach improves printing resolution while preserving non-contact and non-mask characteristics. The lines printed have an average width of 30.5 μm and an average aspect ratio of 0.97. Furthermore, the line’s width will not be affected by fluctuations in laser fluence within a specific laser fluence interval. The research with different viscosities revealed four distinct transfer regimes. Through a visual observation system, the donor removal processes of different transfer regimes were observed. The experimental results show that only the sharp-shaped line transfer can achieve high-resolution lines, and the optimal results can be obtained only at a viscosity of 25 Pa·s. Finally, double pulses transfer was adopted to address the issue of excessive line thickness fluctuations.

Effects of short‐term temperature changes on the physiology, biochemistry and feeding behaviour of the juvenile yellow seahorse— Hippopotamus kuda Bleeker

In order to study the impact of acute temperature challenge on juvenile hippocampus's growth, the variations of external behavioural indexes and internal physiological, biochemical and genetic indexes were analysed at the same time under acute temperature change. In this paper, the external indexes we selected were the response parameters of feeding behaviour (including feeding reaction time, feeding rate and food intake, etc.). The internal indicators include biochemical indicators (SOD, CAT, AKP, ACP, Trypsin, LPS and AMS enzyme activity and MDA content) and fold change (differentially expression multiples) of differentially expressed gene (Hsp70, Hsp90, Gst, Pyy, mTOR, Bcl-2, Casp9, Casp3, Gadd45α, Fadsd6, Cpt1, Fas, Cyp51, Pdha1, Mdh1, Idh3b and G6pd). The results showed that the juvenile's external indexes had changed significantly at 12 h after short-term temperature challenge exposed. At the same time, the feeding reaction time (s) was extend, and the feeding rate (individuals/min) and food intake (individual) were reduced, suggesting that the growth of juvenile might be suppressed by temperature challenge. At the same time, MDA and AMS showed a significant correlation with the feeding behaviour parameters, and several function genes Gadd45α, Casp3, Idh3b and G6pd also showed a correlation with the behavioural parameters. Our study provide a valuable information for understanding the mechanism of internal and external reaction in juvenile seahorse, which exposed to short-term temperature challenge. It is useful to explore the mechanism of how temperature affects fish growth. And the external behavioural indexes can correctly reflect the excessive fluctuation of environmental temperature that is harmful to the juvenile.

Integrating Mathematical and Simulation Approach for Optimizing Production and Distribution Planning With Lateral Transshipment in a Supply Chain

Supply chain planning aims to maximize the chain's profit and find an effective way to integrate production and distribution. A mathematical and simulation-based optimizations are two common disciplines in which this study integrates both of them together to consolidate their advantages. A mathematical model is formulated to find an optimal production-distribution plan. Then, the result is fed into a simulation model operating under uncertainty to verify the feasibility of the plan. Our integrated approach tries to find a feasible plan that satisfies both required customer service level and makespan limitation where safety stock is used to hedge against uncertainties, and lateral transshipment is used for emergency measures against excessive fluctuation of customer demand. A case study that optimizes the profit of an entire chain is used to demonstrate the algorithm. The outcomes of the study show that our proposed approach can yield feasible results (with near or even optimal solution) with much faster computational time as compared to the traditional simulation-based optimization.

Predictive Numerical Analysis to Optimize Ventilation Performance in a Hydropower Surge Chamber for H2S Removal

The role of a hydropower plant surge chamber as a pressure buffer to compensate excessive pressure fluctuations as a result of load demand variations contributes to the degassing phenomenon of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Recent data collected from the surge chamber of a hydropower plant reveals that the H2S extraction designs are not effective in controlling the H2S concentration levels especially during surge events. To manage a safe working environment in the presence of H2S requires a systematic evaluation and prediction of the influence of critical flow control conditions in relation to suction optimization and exhaust ducting location. A numerical study was carried out to analyze the flow dynamics and the subsequent response of H2S concentrations to cases involving the following flow mixing and suction scenarios: C1 - absence of suction fans, C2 - absence of fresh air supply, C3 - enhanced suction capability, C4 - reduction in the amount of fresh air supply and C5 - presence of additional ducting. The CFD model was able to provide a reliable assessment of the case scenarios as justified by the validation carried out with in-situ measurements (within 10 % of the actual measured data). The cases where the H2S presence was found to be acceptable with concentrations less than 5 ppm at the upper region of the surge chamber, are C3, C4 and C5. A major finding from the flow studies in the surge chamber is that a combination of negative pressure at the suction locations and the absence of the forced fresh air resulted in significant amount of air drawn in from the outdoors. It was also found that the existing forced fresh air inlet locations are inappropriate as they generate vortex flows which displaces the H2S adjacent to the water level upwards and would later fill the entire chamber. All in all, the validated CFD model of the hydropower plant surge chamber was helpful in providing an understanding of the flow conditions in relation to the management of H2S concentrations.

Numerical and experimental study of gear rattle based on a refined dynamic model

A refined single pair gear dynamic model is established to accurately predict the gear rattle. The model considers various key parameters, such as backlash, time-varying mesh stiffness, nonlinear oil film force between teeth and drag torque. The time-varying mesh stiffness of helical gears is calculated by using the potential energy method. The nonlinear oil film force is introduced into the model by considering the entrainment and squeeze effects of the lubricating oil between the teeth. In addition, the friction resistance caused by the squeeze of lubricating oil between the teeth is considered in the proposed model. The rotation speed and angular acceleration of the loose gear were measured on the bench, and compared with the simulation results, which proved the accuracy of the model. The results of the parametric analysis show that excessive torque fluctuation and backlash may lead to severe impact of the gear pair. Increasing the drag torque has a positive effect on the control of the gear rattle. Larger viscosity will make faster attenuation of high frequency impact and reduce the impact strength.

MEASURES OF FINANCIAL REGULATORS IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS CONTROL

The article attempts to identify new trends in approaches to assessing the impact of uncontrolled international capital flows on the development of the national economy and the corresponding changes in regulatory policies. It is pointed out that uncontrolled capital flows pose a special threat to small open economies due to insufficient development of the institutional environment and low depth of financial markets. There has been constructed circle of typical for small open economies risks, conducted with uncontrolled capital flows movement, such as deepening structural imbalances in financial asset markets, undesirable excessive fluctuations in the national currency rate, the flight of national capital and the erosion of the tax base. Based on the analysis of recent research, international regulatory initiatives of EU countries, recommendations of international development institutions and IMF’s Integrated Policy Framework, have been identified such trends as strengthening control over illegal capital flows, limiting of the negative speculative influence, panic and herd behaviour on exchange rate stability. Argued for a very important role which plays an uncontrolled dynamics of national currency rate on the transmission of global shocks to national economies. This necessitates a serious overhaul of exchange rate policy approaches. Central banks of small open economies should consider exchange rate stability as one of their goals. This does not mean inflation targeting abandon. The use of the instrument of currency interventions helps to influence the achievement of external targets, increasing the ability of interest rate policy instruments to achieve inflation targeting in the domestic market as well. As a conclusion and proposals for further development of policies in the financial sector to ensure the sustainable development of small open economies is systematized a list of possible regulatory measures. It is emphasized that the development of regulatory policies in the monetary and financial spheres in small open economies, which includes Ukraine, should be implemented comprehensively and include the development of macroprudential tools to limit systemic risk factors, suppress illicit capital flows and reduce the role of psychological factors of pro-cyclical behavior. The implementation of regulatory measures on transparent terms in such spheres will not make free-market self-regulatory mechanisms weaken, but rather helps to release them.

Goodness-of-Fit of Logistic Regression of the Default Rate on GDP Growth Rate and on CDX Indices

Under the Basel II and Basel III agreements, the probability of default (PD) is a key parameter used in calculating expected credit loss (ECL), which is typically defined as: PD × Loss Given Default × Exposure at Default. In practice or in regulatory requirements, gross domestic product (GDP) has been adopted in the PD estimation model. Due to the problem of excessive fluctuation and highly volatile ECL estimation, models that produce satisfactory PD and thus ECL estimations in the context of existing risk management techniques are lacking. In this study, we explore the usage of the credit default swap index (CDX), a market’s expectation of future PD, as a predictor of the default rate (DR). By comparing the goodness-of-fit of logistic regression, several conclusions are drawn. Firstly, in general, GDP has considerable explanatory power for the default rate which is consistent with current models in practice. Secondly, although both GDP and CDX fit the DR well for rating B class, CDX has a significantly better fit of DR for ratings [A, Baa, Ba]. Thirdly, compared with low-rated companies, the relationship between the DR and GDP is relatively weak for rating A. This phenomenon implies that, in addition to using macroeconomic variables and firm-specific explanatory variables in the PD estimation model, high-rated companies exhibit a greater need to use market supplemental information, such as CDX, to capture the changes in the DR.

PL3. Clinical neurophysiology of movement disorders – Example of functional movement disorders

Functional movement disorders are best diagnosed by positive features. Much can be done with the clinical examination, but often there are ambiguities. Further positive evidence can be obtained with clinical neurophysiology which can then lead to a “laboratory supported” diagnosis. The two entities for which clinical neurophysiology is useful are myoclonus and tremor. Functional tremor may well exhibit variability in frequency at different times or excessive fluctuations in the short term. The tremor might be in-phase in two different limbs, and this should not be the case except for orthostatic tremor. The tremor might entrain or be altered in frequency with tapping with another limb or be briefly interrupted by a quick movement of another limb. There might be a co-contraction sign where there is a co-contraction prior to the development of tremor. For functional myoclonus, the EMG activity shows long bursts of activity and often inconsistency with different jerks. EEG back-averaging can show a normal looking Bereitschaftspotential prior to the jerk. Comparison with a voluntary mimic or other voluntary movement is often valuable to see what the Bereitschaftspotential looks like in that individual. When the myoclonus is stimulus sensitive, the responses look like voluntary reaction time movements both in latency and variability. TMS can be used in functional paresis to demonstrate a normal pathway from motor cortex to muscle. Interestingly, this technique has sometimes also been therapeutic. Another feature of the TMS response in functional paresis is that the MEP amplitude decreases with movement imagination of that muscle. Since ordinarily imagination produces facilitation, this shows a high level inhibition of movement in the brain.

Effects of Lean Mode of Blade Trailing Edge on Pressure Fluctuation Characteristics of a Vertical Centrifugal Pump With Vaned Diffuser

Abstract A vertical centrifugal pump with a vaned diffuser is very attractive in the field of long-distance water supply. Excessive pressure fluctuations in the vaneless region due to rotor–stator interaction (RSI) need careful evaluation. In the present investigation, the hydraulic performance and pressure fluctuation characteristics of a vertical centrifugal pump with three different lean modes of the blade trailing edge were quantitatively analyzed by comparison experiments, using the same test rig. Results showed that the pressure fluctuation level was the highest in the vaneless region, closest to the volute tongue, and increased as the flow rate deviated from the design flow rate. The lean mode of the blade trailing edge was found to have a slight influence on hydraulic performance, and the relative deviation of experimental specific speeds with three different lean modes was within 6%. The influence of the lean mode of the blade trailing edge on the pressure fluctuation level was experimentally verified for the first time. In particular, the flow rate-averaged peak-to-peak value of pressure fluctuation with the positive lean mode (PLM) was 62% of the corresponding value with the zero lean mode (ZLM), while no significant improvement was observed for the negative lean mode (NLM). The flow mechanism behind this may be explained as a weakening of the jet-wake flow pattern with PLM.

REGIONAL PATTERNS FOR THE RETAIL PETROL PRICES

Costs of transport fuels are the most significant components of household expenditures, and the price of petrol is of particular importance for commercial and residential sectors in Australia. Regarding the central role of petrol, an in-depth understanding of petrol price behaviours is essential. Previous studies mostly focused on the petrol markets in metropolitan areas, and there exists a significant gap in the regional literature. Therefore, this paper is aimed to develop a clearer understanding of petrol price patterns in urban and rural areas in Western Australia. This study finds a mismatch between pricing patterns across various regions and cities. There are cities with two types of price patterns, cities with price cycles and cities without. Most cities have not excessive fluctuations, and their price patterns are almost smooth. This group of cities have different levels of petrol prices. The greater distance with Perth raises petrol prices in these groups of cities. Cyclical patterns have been observed only in Murray, Mandurah and Geraldton. Comparative analysis reveals that asymmetric and frequent weekly cycles in three cities are similar to the cycle in Perth. It can be argued that there exist no specific differences in petrol price patterns among cities with cycle.

Comparative study of the supercritical carbon-dioxide recompression Brayton cycle with different control strategies

In this paper, the model is developed using Modelica language to simulate the operation of recompression S–CO2 Brayton cycle. The transient simulations of the Brayton cycle operations with different control strategies under the condition of thermal power drop are conducted. The results in terms of the Brayton cycles’ performance show that the adjustment characteristics are different from strategy to strategy, and low pressure at main compressor inlet as well as excessive pressure fluctuation may occur problematically during the adjustment process. A joint adjustment method as a control strategy is thus developed to solve such problems. In this method, two single control strategies are balanced, making the adjustment process smoother and more efficient.