Excessive Food Consumption Research Articles

Combating Excessive Food Consumption Through Augmented Reality Packaging: An Explorative Study of Generation Z

In 2020, The Indonesian Food and Drug Authority published Front of Pack Nutrition Labelling to ease consumers decide their diet preferences. In line with this effort, digital campaigns can effectively educate society and reduce the high consumption of Sugar, Salt, and Fat (SSF) in Indonesia. This research discusses the effectiveness of SSF consumption restriction messages delivered using Augmented Reality (AR) technology. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method. The data were collected from randomly selected 100 youngsters living in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang dan Bekasi (Jabodetabek) area and followed by the EPIC (Empathy, Persuasion, Impact, and Communication) model analysis. All four dimensions of EPIC fell on effective category within range 4.23-4.29 out of 5.8. These findings suggest that, in general, the advertisement for limiting the consumption of SSF with Augmented Reality media stands in the very effective category with a final score of 4.25 and represent that AR application in packaging can effectively be used for promoting or advertisising particular information.

Eating Habit as Lifestyle Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Coal Mining Workers

Introduction: Previous study was carried out in a company, obtaining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome cases by 21.58% with non-communicable diseases as the indicator. The cause of the metabolic syndrome is critical to understand in order to reduce the impact of acute non-communicable diseases. Excessive food consumption and low physical activity in office workers and coal mining workers are two risk factors that contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, current research was conducted aiming to identify the lifestyle aspects related to metabolic syndrome in coal mining companies in South Kalimantan. Methods: This study was carried out through analytical observational cross-sectional research. In this case, the data were collected using questionnaires. Exercise routines, cigarette smoking, and meal frequency were the research factors. In South Kalimantan, there are up to 70 employees of mining company, and 22 people of them were selected as the research subjects through purposive random sampling and inclusion criteria. Results: The indicators of metabolic syndrome in most of the respondents showed normal state. However, a small number of respondents were at risk of having the indicators of metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, based on the statistical analysis, there is a lifestyle factor that correlates with the frequency of eating coconut milk-based chicken curry (1-2 times/week) with metabolic syndrome (p=0.045). Conclusion: Types of food cooked using coconut milk can trigger a person to have a risk of experiencing one or several of the metabolic syndrome indicators. Things that can be done to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with the frequency of habit of eating high-fat animal side dishes, including reducing the frequency of such food at night.

Obesity, adipokines and their relationship with insulin resistance

Obesity is one of the main health problems worldwide. It is a disease that is associated with excessive food consumption, although it is also associated with a process of chronic inflammation and with a group of disorders known as metabolic syndrome. Some of the most distinctive characteristics of obesity are that the individual's adipocytes are hypertrophied, have an irregular adipokine secretion profile, have increased recruitment of inflammatory cells, and altered metabolic homeostasis; which eventually results in the development of various important pathologies or conditions, such as insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review aims to present the current knowledge on inflammation of adipose tissue associated with obesity.

The dark side of advertising: promoting unhealthy food consumption

PurposeScholars have noted the impact of advertising on unhealthy food consumption. However, a systematic literature review (SLR) on this topic is currently lacking. This study aims to find, analyze and synthesize prior literature to set the stage for future researchers and practitioners. It also uncovers research gaps, suggests potential research questions and presents a conceptual framework for use in future research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper catalogs and synthesizes topic-related literature by using the time-tested SLR methodology. It identifies and analyzes 99 relevant studies that have addressed the impact of advertising on unhealthy food consumption. Research profiling of the selected studies supported the synthesis of key themes in the extant literature.FindingsThe authors identify three key thematic foci: a) viewer attributes pertaining to excessive unhealthy food consumption, b) advertisement attributes pertaining to excessive unhealthy food consumption and, c) unhealthy food consumption regulation. Within these themes, the authors also identify some subthemes, presenting specific advertising and viewer attributes that contribute to unhealthy food consumption. The authors further develop a conceptual framework based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model, summarizing the findings of the study. This could aid future researchers and practitioners in their design of certain strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uncovers various gaps in the extant literature and suggests potential areas that can be examined by scholars. From a practical perspective, the study recommends certain actionable strategies for policymakers, helping customers to achieve the long-term goal of obesity reduction.Practical implicationsFrom the perspective of practice, the study recommends certain actionable strategies for policymakers helping customers achieve the long-term goal of obesity reduction.Originality/valueThe current study makes a novel contribution to the research on advertising and unhealthy food consumption by identifying theme-based research gaps in the existing literature, mapping those with potential research questions and presenting a conceptual framework based on the S-O-R model. Based on the findings, the study also proposes five potential research models examining diverse aspects of advertising and unhealthy food consumption to guide interested scholars and practitioners to shape the future research discourse.

Food environment near schools in the largest Brazilian metropolis: analyses and contributions based on census data.

We aimed to investigate and compare the distribution of establishments that sell food near municipal, state, and private schools in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. This cross-sectional, exploratory, and census study was conducted in 3,121 schools. Circular buffers were traced around schools and concentrations or dispersions of food stores (in absolute numbers and densities) were analyzed. A p-trend was calculated to analyze how food stores density behaved as the buffer radius distance increased. Stratified regression models were built to analyze the characteristics of the food environment. Snack bars and street vendors are the most common types of establishments surrounding schools. Some categories of food stores are concentrated (such as candy stores around municipal and private schools, mini markets around municipal schools, and snack bars around private schools), whereas others (such as super and hypermarkets and fruit and vegetable stores) are dispersed around public schools. The food environment around schools shows differences regarding the instance that administers them and private schools have more food stores around them. Poor-quality food environment around schools exposes students to risk factors regarding excessive unhealthy food consumption.

Sex-dependent role of orexin deficiency in feeding behavior and affective state of mice following intermittent access to a Western diet – Implications for binge-like eating behavior

Binge eating disorder is a debilitating disease characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption and associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Despite a growing body of research investigating the neurobiological underpinnings of eating disorders, specific treatments are lacking. Given its fundamental role in feeding behaviors, we investigated the role of the orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptide system in binge-like eating and associated phenotypes. Specifically, we submitted female and male orexin-deficient mice to a paradigm of intermittent access (once weekly for 24 h) to a Western diet (WD) to induce binge-like eating. Additionally, we measured their anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels. All mice showed binge-like eating in response to the intermittent WD access, but females did so to a greater extent than males. While orexin deficiency did not affect binge-like eating in this paradigm, we found that female orexin-deficient mice generally weighed more, and they expressed increased hypophagia and stress levels compared to wild-type mice following binge-like eating episodes. These detrimental effects of orexin deficiency were marginal or absent in males. Moreover, male wild-type mice expressed post-binge anxiety, but orexin-deficient mice did not. In conclusion, these results extend our knowledge of orexin's role in dysregulated eating and associated negative affective states, and contribute to the growing body of evidence indicating a sexual dimorphism of the orexin system. Considering that many human disorders, and especially eating disorders, have a strong sex bias, our findings further emphasize the importance of testing both female and male subjects.

Body Mass Index is The Most Associated Anthropometry Indicators of Obesity with Insulin Resistance in Female College Students

Background: Dysfunction of body tissues due to excessive food consumption is often referred to obesity. Excess storage of visceral fat can develop insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can illustrate the early risk of insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to identify the association between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance.Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 163 female students aged 19-24 years who live in Semarang. This is a cross sectional study with a purposive sampling method using the "google form". Anthropometric data that were collected in this study include weight, height, waist cirrcumference, hip, sagittal abdominal diameter. Biochemical data that were collected include blood sugar and insulin levels. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression test.Results: Anthropometric indicators with high risk were 72.4% for Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR); 22.1% for Waist Hip Ratio (WHR); 35.6% for Body Mass Index (BMI); 12.2% for Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD) and 55.2% for waist cirrcumference. Meanwhile, subjects with high Fasting Blood Glucose levels was 16.6%, subjects had the Conicity Index (C-Index) at risk was 74.8% and based on the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) it was 23.9% of the participants were at risk of obesity and high Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were 74.2%. Anthropometric indicators of obesity, including Conicity Index, Relative Fat Mass, WHtR, WHR, BMI, SAD, and waist and hip ratio were all positively associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, multivariate analysis showed that an increase in body mass index is an indicator that is most associated with the insulin resistance (p<0,001).Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with insulin resistance.

Vital parameters in Spanish alpine skiers training at altitude and their relationship to human health

Background: Mediterranean lifestyle has consistently been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Physical activity is beneficial to health, although it needs to be carefully studied in extreme conditions. Hypertension depends on sedentary lifestyles, stress, and bad habits such as excessive consumption of food and salt. Chronic sleep deprivation alone has been associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The patient must be educated. Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate parameters of non-invasive health such as blood pressure and heart rate in the federated population in winter sports in Andalusia (Spain) relating to body composition. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. Sample of 234 subjects currently federated in the Andalusian Federation of Winter Sports (Spain). Ages between 12-30yrs (51.6% women, 48.4% men). Subjects carried out surveys with a physical examination, blood pressure measurements, electrocardiogram performance, and parameters to assess body composition. Results: None of the younger male subjects had hypotension or bradycardia (76.6% normotensive, 80.4% normal heart rate). None of the adults had hypotension or tachycardia (82.4% normotensive) and none of the women had bradycardia. Mean weight values (men and women) with a tendency to significance (p = 0.064). %Fat means of men was 19.18% (SD: 5.90) and 23.61% (SD: 8.91) for women. For systolic and diastolic tensions no differences were found by gender. There is no correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure with body composition or nutrient intake, however, there is a negative correlation between hours of sleep and blood pressure (p < 0.001). Conclusion: %fat can inform of the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Performing intense aerobic physical exercise can cause sinus bradycardia at rest. Sleeping and having a restful and deep sleep reduces the risk of suffering from high blood pressure. Assessing blood pressure and anthropometric measurements is important to estimate the general health of children, adolescents, and adults. This is the case with alpine skiing in the south of Spain where the athlete lives in these conditions. Future works related to this population living in high-altitude conditions should be studied to see the impact of altitude on the health and sporting performance of acclimatized people.

Food-induced dopamine signaling in AgRP neurons promotes feeding.

Obesity comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are pressing public health concerns. Overconsumption of calories leads to weight gain; however, neural mechanisms underlying excessive food consumption are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that dopamine receptor D1 (Drd1) expressed in the agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/NPY) neurons of the arcuate hypothalamus is required for appropriate responses to a high-fat diet (HFD). Stimulation of Drd1 and AgRP/NPY co-expressing arcuate neurons is sufficient to induce voracious feeding. Delivery of a HFD after food deprivation acutely induces dopamine (DA) release in the ARC, whereas animals that lack Drd1 expression in ARCAgRP/NPY neurons (Drd1AgRP-KO) exhibit attenuated foraging and refeeding of HFD. These results define a role for the DA input to the ARC that encodes acute responses to food and position Drd1 signaling in the ARCAgRP/NPY neurons as an integrator of the hedonic and homeostatic neuronal feeding circuits.

Risk Factors for Obesity and Overweight in Children and Adolescents from Romania


 The fact that more and more people are suffering from obesity and that this condition is more and more common among children is an alarm signal and some measures must be taken in this direction. Nowadays, the most incriminating factor responsible for the development of childhood obesity is the excessive consumption of fast food, sweets and juices, as at the market there is a wide range and easily accessible. This study aims to evaluate the association between frequent consumption of fast food and other lifestyle factors with the presence of obesity and overweight in children of different ages in Romania. Applying a questionnaire with 31 questions we collected data from 328 people, 170 boys and 158 girls, residing in Romania. The analysis of the data collected showed a higher number of overweight children, compared to the number of mothers who consider that their children are overweight, for this we identified the factors with potential obesity and we looked for the associations between the lifestyle and obesity. The higher prevalence of fast food consumption and sedentary activities among overweight and obese children, highlighted in this study, further confirms the need to promote health through education for healthy eating and lifestyle behavior.

Baicalein modulates mitochondrial function by upregulating mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipocytes, cytotoxicity, and computational studies

BackgroundObesity, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are all metabolic diseases caused by excess food consumption. Existing drug molecules had negative side effects and caused other diseases to develop (Orlistat causes angioedema, and menstrual irregularities; megestrol acetate causes hypertension, and insomnia). By enhancing lipid consumption and increasing nonshivering thermogenesis, targeting mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression in adipocytes could be an auspicious treatment strategy against obesity or metabolic disorders associated with obesity. MethodsWe used previously produced UCP1-A-GFP reporter cell lines in this investigation to find new pharmacological compounds against obesity or metabolic syndrome, which we then tested in cellular analysis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial DNA quantification, mitochondrial ATP production, and in-silico models. ResultsBaicalein was discovered to play a critical role in obesity prevention via altering mitochondrial function. Baicalein lowers ATP generation while increasing considerable UCP1 gene expression in brown adipocytes. As a result, cellular thermogenesis is boosted. The HEK293T cell line is harmless by baicalein. The investigation by the in-silico study revealed drug-protein interaction and UCP1 binding. Thus, our research clarifies baicalein's therapeutic role in metabolic and obesity-related illnesses via modulating mitochondrial activity (Supplementary Fig. 2). ConclusionsFurther studies are required in both murine and human models to understand the full mechanism of action by mitochondrial modulation. Drug development investigation also requires to development of a precise formulation.

P02-13 Perceived health and impact of a physical activity intervention in sex-offenders and other inmates

BackgroundPrisoners spend most of their time in restricted environments, with strong limitations on freedom and social relationships. Inmates that committed sex crimes (sex-offenders) are subject to limitations more restrictive than other inmates. Physical inactivity is very common in these populations, with negative effects on both physical and mental health. Interventions that contrast physical inactivity are strongly encouraged in this context.MethodsA health promotion intervention was carried out in the prison of Cassino (central Italy) in 2019. This intervention aimed to promote prisoners' health and physical activity, and increase their life skills. Intervention sessions, which included body awareness and proprioceptive exercises, were carried out two times a week for about 9 months. Focus group interviews were carried out with 9 sex-offenders and, separately, with 20 other inmates, exploring the topics of self-perceived health, and impact of the health promotion intervention.ResultsBoth groups reported feelings of psychological stress and anxiety, leading to increases in cigarette smoking and excessive food consumption. Several focus group participants felt the need to do physical activity on a regular basis and they asked for sport facilities and programs. Sex-offenders reported that the health promotion intervention helped them fill the time, enjoy and relax, while non sex-offenders reported an increase in physical fitness and viewed this intervention as an opportunity of social rehabilitation.ConclusionsImprisonment leads to negative health behaviours, such as physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and excessive food consumption, particularly among sex-offenders that are subject to stronger limitations than other inmates. Interventions that promote physical activity among prisoners may have positive effects on prisoners' physical fitness and mental health.

Caregivers' perception of risk for malaria, helminth infection and malaria-helminth co-infection among children living in urban and rural settings of Senegal: A qualitative study.

The parasites causing malaria, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis frequently co-exist in children living in low-and middle-income countries, where existing vertical control programmes for the control of these diseases are not operating at optimal levels. This gap necessitates the development and implementation of strategic interventions to achieve effective control and eventual elimination of these co-infections. Central to the successful implementation of any intervention is its acceptance and uptake by caregivers whose perception about the risk for malaria-helminth co-infection has been little documented. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative study to understand the caregivers' perspectives about the risk as well as the behavioural and social risk factors promoting malaria-helminth co-infection among pre-school and school-age children living in endemic rural and urban communities in Senegal. In June and December 2021, we conducted individual and group interviews, and participant observations, among 100 primary caregivers of children recruited from Saraya villages in southeast Senegal and among leaders and teachers of Koranic schools in Diourbel, western Senegal. Our findings showed that a majority of the study participants in the two settings demonstrated a high level of perception of risk for malaria and acceptable awareness about handwashing practices, but had misconceptions that malaria-helminth co-infection was due to a combination of excessive consumption of sugary food and mosquito bites. Our observations revealed many factors in the house structures, toilet practices and handwashing with ashes and sands, which the caregivers did not consider as risks for malaria-helminth co-infections. These findings underscore the need to promote caregivers' awareness about the existence and risk of malaria-helminth co-infection in children. This approach would assist in addressing the caregivers' misconceptions about the occurrence of the co-infection and could enhance their uptake of the strategic interventions targeted at achieving control and subsequent elimination of malaria and helminth co-infection.

Acute and long-term effects of psilocybin on energy balance and feeding behavior in mice

Psilocybin and other serotonergic psychedelics have re-emerged as therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction. Psilocybin induces long-lasting effects on behavior, likely due to its profound ability to alter consciousness and augment neural connectivity and plasticity. Impaired synaptic plasticity in obesity contributes to ‘addictive-like’ behaviors, including heightened motivation for palatable food, and excessive food seeking and consumption. Here, we evaluate the effects of psilocybin on feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and as a weight-lowering agent in mice. We demonstrate that a single dose of psilocybin substantially alters the prefrontal cortex transcriptome but has no acute or long-lasting effects on food intake or body weight in diet-induced obese mice or in genetic mouse models of obesity. Similarly, sub-chronic microdosing of psilocybin has no metabolic effects in obese mice and psilocybin does not augment glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced weight loss or enhance diet-induced weight loss. A single high dose of psilocybin reduces sucrose preference but fails to counter binge-like eating behavior. Although these preclinical data discourage clinical investigation, there may be nuances in the mode of action of psychedelic drugs that are difficult to capture in rodent models, and thus require human evaluation to uncover.

Cardiac Function Assessment in Fetuses With Ductus Arteriosus Constriction: A Two-Dimensional Echocardiography and FetalHQ Study.

BackgroundFetal ductal constriction (DC) is associated with excessive polyphenol-rich food (PRF) consumption during pregnancy. However, the effect of this hemodynamic change on fetal cardiac function still needs to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cardiac function of fetuses with PRF-related DC and to describe serial observations of cardiac function changes.MethodsWe compared the traditional echocardiographic indices, including morphological, hemodynamic, and functional parameters, between study fetuses and controls. For global and segmental deformation analysis of the left and right ventricles, fetalHQ with the speckle-tracking technique was used to calculate sphericity index (SI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), fractional shortening (FS), fractional area change (FAC), etc. In addition, follow-up data were compared with the generalized linear model.ResultsA total of 60 DC fetuses and 60 gestational-matched controls were enrolled in our study, with 20 DC fetuses undertaking a follow-up echocardiogram after 2–3 weeks. Compared with controls, there was a distinct decrease in right ventricular GLS (RVGLS) (−13.39 ± 3.77 vs. −21.59 ± 2.51, p < 0.001), RVFAC (22.20 ± 9.56 vs. 36.01 ± 4.84, p < 0.001), left ventricular GLS (LVGLS) (−19.52 ± 3.24 vs. −23.81 ± 2.01 p < 0.001), and LVFAC (39.64 ± 7.32 vs. 44.89 ± 4.91, p = 0.004). For 24-segment FS analysis, DC fetuses showed lower FS in left ventricular (LV) segments 18–24, with no difference in LV segments 1–17. Right ventricular (RV) FS in segments 4–23 was also reduced in the DC group. The 24-segment SI analysis indicated significantly lower SI in DC than those in controls for LV segments 1–14 and RV segments 19–24. We found that the pulsatility index (PI) of ductus arteriosus (DA) was an independent variable for RVGLS (β = −0.29, p = 0.04). In 20 DC fetuses with follow-up echocardiograms, no obvious difference in myocardial deformation was found between the initial examination and follow-up data.ConclusionLeft and right ventricular performances were both impaired in DC fetuses, along with a series of morphological and hemodynamic changes. Although the state of DA constriction improved on second examinations, cardiac function was not completely restored.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Fast Food Terhadap Kejadian Obesitas Pada Tenaga Medis

Increasing prosperity, technological advances and westernization can result in changes in lifestyle and eating patterns in society, especially medical personnel who are at the forefront of maintaining public health. However, ironically, they themselves are faced with a health risk that is no less serious, namely obesity. One of the factors that can influence obesity/overweight is the availability of cheap, fast but unhealthy food, one of which is fast food. Fast food consumption is increasing among medical personnel because this type of food tends to be easy to obtain, tastes delicious, and is served quickly. The nutritional content of food is no longer a consideration for medical personnel. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of fast food consumption on obesity in medical personnel. This type of research uses quantitative descriptive research methods with a cross sectional research design. The results of this study show that there is a direct influence of fast food consumption on the incidence of obesity (9.45%, T statistic 4.06%, α 5%). The conclusion is that excessive consumption of fast food can increase the risk of obesity in medical personnel. Efforts to prevent and control obesity need to be carried out comprehensively to maintain the health of medical personnel and improve the quality of health services.

Food Production in the Context of Global Developmental Challenges

The article presents a synthetic analysis of the most pressing challenges associated with food security in the context of changes induced by global development and the generated problems. The study demonstrated that a more effective model of food production and management is needed to counteract anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment and excessive exploitation of limited resources caused by rapid population growth. Policies aiming to increase the efficiency of production and conversion of raw materials into finished food products of plant and animal origin (including feed conversion into high-energy and high-protein foods), promote the use of novel protein sources for feed and food production, and prevent excessive food consumption and waste are needed. At present and in the future, demographic, social, environmental, and geopolitical factors as well as the availability of natural resources should be taken into account by world leaders who should act together, with solidarity, to provide food to countries suffering from food shortage. Adequate food availability, including both physical and financial access to food, cannot be guaranteed without a holistic approach to global food security.

A review of chewing detection for automated dietary monitoring

ABSTRACT A healthy dietary lifestyle prevents diseases and leads to good physical conditions. Poor dietary habits, such as eating disorders, emotional eating and excessive unhealthy food consumption, may cause health complications. People’s eating habits are monitored through automated dietary monitoring (ADM), which is considered a part of our daily life. In this study, the Google Scholar database from the last 5 years was considered. Articles that reported chewing activity characteristics and various wearable sensors used to detect chewing activities automatically were reviewed. Key challenges, including chew count, various food types, food classification and a large number of samples, were identified for further chewing data analysis. The chewing signal’s highest reported classification accuracy value was 99.85%, which was obtained using a piezoelectric contactless sensor and multistage linear SVM with a decision tree classifier. The decision tree approach was more robust and its classification accuracy (75%–93.3%) was higher than those of the Viterbi algorithm-based finite-state grammar approach, which yielded 26%–97% classification accuracy. This review served as a comparative study and basis for developing efficient ADM systems.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSION

Background: Depression is a mood disorder that causes loss of motivation to stay or to do daily activities. Research on depression prevalence indicates that approximately 4.4% of the worldwide population suffers it. The mechanism in which depression occurred due to fast foods is the excessive fat content disturbs neurogenesis in the brain. This research is carried out to look into the connection among fast food intake with the incidence of depression.&#x0D; Method: An analytical study with a cross-sectional design is the method chosen to conduct this research. The samples include college students from the Faculty of Medicine in University of Sumatera Utara admitted in 2018 and acquired with total sampling. The tools used in this research were the CES-D and FFQ questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: The incidence of depression among applicants in 2018 was 48.3%.The statistical calculations indicates that there is a significant relationship between fast food consumption and depression (p=0,043); but not significant to family income (p=0,684) and physical activity (p=0,289).&#x0D; Conclusion: Excessive consumption of junk food can increase the risk of depression.

Abstract MP73: Ultra-processed Food Intake And All-cause And Cause-specific Mortality In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: Longitudinal Findings From The Moli-sani Study

Introduction: Excessive consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) is associated with increased risk of mortality and disease in general populations but its health impact for individuals with type 2 diabetes is poorly defined. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis of an association between elevated UPF intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. We expect that elevated sugar content of UPF is on the pathway of this relation and that established risk factors might act as potential biological mechanisms linking UPF to mortality. Methods: Longitudinal analysis on 1,068 men and women (mean age 65±10 y) with type 2 diabetes, at the moment of their enrolled in the Moli-sani Study( between 2005 and 2010), and followed for 10.7 y (median). Food intake was assessed, at enrolment, by a 188-item food frequency questionnaire. UPF was defined using the NOVA classification according to degree of processing, and categorized as quartiles of the ratio (%) between UPF (g/d) and total food consumed (g/d). The possible mediating effects of 18 inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and renal biomarkers were evaluated on the basis of percentage changes and associated p values. Results: Study participants reported a median UPF intake of 6.3% (interquartile range: 4.1-9.4%). Food mostly contributing to the total of UPF eaten were processed meat (22.4%), crispbread/rusks (16.6%), non-homemade pizza (11.2%), and cakes/pies/pastries (8.8%). In multivariable-adjusted COX analyses, higher intake of UPF (Q4, ≥9.4% of total food eaten), as opposed to the lowest (Q1, UPF&lt;4.1%), was associated with higher hazards of all-cause (Hazard ratio [HR]=1.72; 95%CI 1.22-2.41) and CVD mortality (HR=2.15; 1.23-3.77). A linear dose-response relationship of 1% increment in UPF intake with all-cause and CVD mortality was also observed. Elevated sugar content of UPF explained about 30% of these associations. Altered levels of serum creatinine accounted for 9.6% and 12.6% of the relation between UPF with all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. Conclusions: An increased dietary share of UPF was associated with higher hazards of all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes, possibly through the high sugar content of these products. Creatinine, as a marker of renal function, was likely on the pathway between UPF and mortality.