Excess Supply Research Articles

Optimization Improvement Using Pi Controller to Reach CCCV Method in Lead Acid Battery Load

Solar energy can produce electrical energy with the help of photovoltaics so as to produce sufficient or even excessive supply to the electrical load. Therefore, it is necessary to store electrical energy (battery) from the excess unused energy. However, in the process of charging the battery, it takes a long time to fully charge the battery capacity and damage often occurs due to excessive voltage used. This can reduce battery life. The characteristics of the battery need to be considered so that the charging process can be carried out in accordance with the required provisions. The existence of the CCCV method can speed up the battery charging process with a constant current of 20% of the nominal current of the lead acid battery. To avoid overvoltage, the constant voltage method can anticipate the occurrence of damage. Utilization CUK Converter as charging can reduce output voltage ripple. The PI control on the CUK Converter produces a constant voltage of 13.8 Volts and a constant current of 1.44 Ampere. The average error generated by this system is 0.14%.

Enhancing Heat Removal and H2O Retention Capability of Passive Air-Cooled Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells by Tailoring Cathode Flow-Field Design

This paper reports novel cathode flow-field designs for passive typed air-cooled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to help alleviate electrolyte dehydration and performance degradation issues under excess dry air supply conditions. The proposed flow-field designs include 7 three-dimensional (3D) patterned designs in addition to a parallel channel configuration equipped with rectangular baffles to control the airflow for more efficient heat removal. The designs were evaluated numerically using 3D, two-phase PEMFC simulations. Compared to a typical parallel flow channel configuration, the proposed flow-field designs show better heat removal and water retention capability. The improvement in single cell voltage was around 13–75 mV at an operating current density of 0.5 A cm−2, whereas the larger pressure drops around = 6.9–317.6 Pa cm−1 were required because of the more complex flow-field configurations compared to the simple straight parallel channel geometry ( = 7.4 Pa cm−1). This work presents a comprehensive understanding of air-cooled PEMFC operating characteristics under excessive dry air supply conditions and a new design strategy for cathode flow-fields.

PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN VAKSIN PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN

In the case of vaccination in Indonesia, the problem that often occurs is the shortage of vaccine supplies in one area while in other areas there is a problem of excess vaccine supply which results in the accumulation of goods in warehouses. The purpose of this study is to determine which type of vaccine is more widely used in the community so that there is no excess or shortage of supplies. This study uses the Activity Based Costing (ABC) inventory control analysis method to determine which vaccine is more priority and which is more widely used in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data, namely data on entry and expenditure of vaccine supplies in 2021 at the Hulu Sungai Selatan District Health Office. The data source used is secondary data with documentation collection techniques. Based on the results of research using the ABC method, the stock of vaccine types that are more prioritized for use by the community is the type of group A vaccine, namely with 2 types of vaccines, namely Sinovac 1 ml and Sinovac 5 ml.

Pengembangan Sistem Penyiraman Otomatis Tanaman Anthurium Berbasis IoT

Ornamental plants are types of plants that are cultivated to provide additional aesthetic value. One of the commercial ornamental plants known in Indonesia is the wave of love or Anthurium plowmanii. This type of Anthurium has a high selling value because of special care, one of which is regular and not excessive water supply. One of the technologies that can help humans in automatically watering anthurium plants is the Internet of Things (IoT). ThingSpeak IoT platform connected with NodeMCU ESP8266 is used as artificial intelligence to control and determine watering time, watering automatically takes place when plants need air. This research was conducted to design an IoT-based automatic anthurium plant watering system and collect data on soil moisture and anthurium temperature from the installed IoT sensors. The method in this research is prototyping which is used to produce certain products, and test the effectiveness of these products. This IoT-based automatic watering system for anthurium plants is calibrated by making comparisons with standard measuring instruments to determine the accuracy of the sensor measurement results. The results of this study are a prototype of an IoT-based automatic watering system for anthurium plants by achieving an average level of sensor accuracy in reading anthurium plant conditions reaching 98.1% for soil moisture sensors while for temperature sensors reaching 98.8%. This research is expected to help farmers and ornamental plants communities to facilitate automatic watering process according soil moisture and temperature.

SISTEM INFORMASI INVENTORY OBAT BERBASIS WEB DENGAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER DI APOTEK PUSPITA FARMA SEMARANG

Technological developments within a company are needed in the execution and evaluation of all existing jobs so that the work becomes fast, precise, and accurate. Puspita Farma Pharmacy is one of the community service businesses engaged in the sale of medicines. The high level of service to the community causes errors in processing and making reports which are still done manually.
 The process of recording goods report data using two kinds of record books, namely a daily goods order book, a daily goods sales recap book, and a record book for each purchase of goods. The use of this manual system found many obstacles that caused the work process to be ineffective and efficient, including errors in recording incoming and outgoing drug data, resulting in empty or excessive drug supplies and the discovery of expired drugs.
 As a solution to the problems currently experienced by the Puspita Farma Pharmacy, it is necessary to create a drug inventory information system at the Puspita Farma Pharmacy. This information system was created using the PHP programming language, Mysql for databases and the Codeigniter framework for data processing.

Analisis Exchange Market Pressure Di Indonesia

Exchange Market Pressure is defined as the occurrence of excess supply or disequilibrium in the money market, which is indicated by the depreciating value of a country's currency and reducing foreign exchange reserves. This study aims to analyze the Exchange Market Pressure in Indonesia by looking at the relationship, impulse response function, and variance decomposition. This study uses secondary data taken from the website of Bank Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency. The analytical tool used is the Vector Error Correction Model. The results show that in the long-term relationship, domestic credit growth and the BI rate have a significant positive relationship, GDP growth has a significant negative relationship, while the current account balance is not significant to Exchange Market Pressure. And the results of the study show that in the short term, domestic credit growth has a significant positive relationship, GDP growth, current account balance, and the BI rate have a significant negative relationship. Meanwhile, the EMP responded negatively to the shock of the BI rate, while based on variance decomposition, the biggest influence came from the GDP growth variable.

Water and heat management of vapor-fed direct methanol fuel cells with a non-isothermal triple-phase mass transfer model

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) operating with methanol vapor tends to operate under higher temperature, which contributes to improve cell performance and specific energy. However, the design of vapor-fed DMFCs with high performance and adaptability are still hindered by the complex water and heat management. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the critical multiphase heat and mass transfer, we develop a two-dimensional non-isothermal triple-phase mass transfer model for a passive vapor-fed DMFC. Effects of the electrochemical reactions and related thermal effect are fully investigated. Increasing the current density raises the operating temperature, thus enhancing the generation rate of methanol vapor and reducing concentration polarization under high current densities. With the enlargement of the open area ratio (from 0.1 to 0.3), an excessive methanol supply rate may cause deteriorated methanol crossover rates and excessively high temperatures, resulting in severe dehydration of polymer electrolytes and a degraded cathode overpotential (from −0.48V to −0.54V). For the DMFC with Nafion 112 membrane, the maximum current density and peak power density are 33.3% and 36.0% greater than that of Nafion 117 membrane. The simulation work will provide an exhaustive theoretical guidance for the efficient management of water and heat in DMFCs fed with neat methanol.

Design of Digital Solar Water Pump Using Microcontroller ATmega 32

This paper focuses on the application of solar energy along with microcontrollers to design and run a motor to pump water from various sources. The solar water pump is one of the applications or appliance that perform task with the use of solar radiation. The solar water pump consists of solar PV array, solar pump, inverter, AC water pumping device etc. Solar energy radiation is converted in electrical current or power source which is then used to run a pump and draw water directly from ground, wells, rivers, lakes etc. In this paper, the relationship between flow rate of the water and luminous intensity of the solar irradiance is studied and the data are linearly fitted to find out the correlation between these parameters. Also the study about efficiency of the solar powered water pump shows that the operation of this type of pumping system is quite efficient than other types of fossil fuel engines like diesel, petrol, kerosene etc. in long run. The use of Arduino Uno, flow sensor, LDR sensors in the solar powered water pump helps to analyze the relation between these parameters and know the conditions favorable for excess supply of water in short time efficiently. These solar powered devices are the future of clean and green future of this world. Thus it is not only necessary but also compulsory to enhance the usage of solar energy throughout the globe.

Nanoengineering a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Capable of Manipulating Energy Metabolism against Cancer Chemo-Phototherapy Resistance.

Chemo-phototherapy has emerged as a promising approach to complement traditional cancer treatment and enhance therapeutic effects. However, it still faces the challenges of drug efflux transporter-mediated chemoresistance and heat shock proteins (HSPs)-mediated phototherapy tolerance, which both depend on an excessive supply of adenosine triphosphate. Therefore, manipulating energy metabolism to impair the expression or function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and HSPs may be a prospective strategy to reverse cancer therapeutic resistance. Herein, a chondroitin sulfate (CS)-functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) chemo-phototherapy nanoplatform (CS/ZIF-8@A780/DOX NPs) is rationally designed that is capable of manipulating energy metabolism against cancer therapeutic resistance by integrating the photosensitizer IR780iodide (IR780)-conjugated atovaquone (ATO) (A780) and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Mechanistically, ATO and zinc ions that are released in the acidic tumor microenvironment can lead to systematic energy exhaustion through disturbing mitochondrial electron transport and the glycolysis process, thus suppressing the activity of P-gp and HSP70, respectively. In addition, CS is used on the surface of ZIF-8@A780/DOX NPs to improve the targeting capability to tumor tissues. These data provide an efficient strategy for manipulating energy metabolism for cancer treatment, especially for overcoming cancer chemo-phototherapy resistance.

Inescapably Les Misérables? Understanding the Sensemaking of the Artistic Precariat

Performing artists seem to remain in the culture sector despite the challenges with sustaining an artistic practice. Our research question is why the occupational commitment of the artistic precariat survives an external shock like the Covid-19 shutdown. We combined quantitative and qualitative survey data among performing artists in Norway (N = 607) one year into the pandemic. Innovation and portfolio management took place in tandem with intense identity work. The perception of “otherness” reinforced overall artist identity and thereby sustained occupational commitment. Any excess supply of practitioners in the sector seems to some degree disconnected from the actual economic conditions.

Efficacy of Monetary Policy Measures on Price and Exchange Rate Stabilty in Nigeria

The study investigated the efficacy of monetary policy measures on price and exchange stability in Nigeria using the Ordinary Lease Square (OLS), Johansen Co-integration approach and Error Correction Technique on time series data collected from 1981 to 2021. The unit root tests using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) found that consumer price index and exchange rate are integrated of order zero I(0) and money supply, lending rate, interest rate and external reserve are stationary at first difference I(1) and also show that there exist a long-run relationship among the variables. The study revealed that monetary supply (MS2) shows a positive statistical significant to consumer price index and exchange rate. In view of these findings, the study concluded and recommended that the government to ensure a stable economy, there is need for them to diversify the economy so as to channel excessive money supply resulting from deficit financing, different economic yielding ventures that are remote causes of instability in Nigeria economy so as to select the proper monetary policy instrument capable of controlling instability in the economy.

A Data Visualization of Rubber Planting in Thailand

The rubber tree is considered one of the most important economic crops in Thailand generating a large amount of income for the country. The problem of rubber prices that have been continuously declining since 2012 is a critical issue that requires an appropriate solution. Consequently, a study to understand the demand and supply model of rubber along with data collection and visualization of rubber planting in Thailand are highly essential. A finding from this paper presents that there is an excessive supply of rubber over its demands. Accordingly, one of the proposed solutions to solve the rubber price problems is that the Thai government should have strict control over rubber planting areas in Thailand as the rules specified in agro-economic zones. Another proposed solution is that the Thai government may include some provinces in the northeast of Thailand in agro-economic zones as these areas also generate a high volume of rubber. Keywords—rubber price, data visualization, web scraping, system dynamics, causal loop diagram, agro-economic zone.

Chemical body composition and bone growth of young pigs as affected by deficiency, adequate and excess of dietary phosphorus supply

Abstract Objective of the experiment was to study the effect of deficiency, adequate and excess dietary phosphorus supply on growth performance, retention and utilisation of phosphorus, length, mass and geometry measurements of the femur shaft, content of protein, ash, phosphorus in viscera, edible (meat and fat) and inedible (bones and skin) parts of the body in pigs ageing from 33 to 110 days. It was found that compared to animals fed according to phosphorus requirement the deficiency and excess of dietary phosphorus did not influenced o total feed intake (mean 120.6 kg) and feed conversion (mean 1.9 kg/kg gain). However phosphorus deficiency lowered total gain of the body mass (P=0.0072), diminished weight of the inedible part of the carcass (P=0.0229), decreased the content of body protein (P=0.0171), ash (P=0.0001), and phosphorus (P=0.0001). Whereas, over-supply of dietary phosphorus did not cause any change of these component. Utilisation of the total phosphorus was diminished (P=0.0001) in pigs fed diet with both excess (by 16.26%) and deficiency (by 12.28%) of the phosphorus, but excess had much lower negative impact than its’ deficiency. When available form of this element was considered over-supply still reduced (P=0.0001) its utilisation the most (by 26.58%) but deficiency made utilisation the best (7.77%). Both dietary deficiency and over-supply of the phosphorus diminished (P=0.0001) femur mass (by 25 and 11 g, respectively). Thus negative impact of phosphorus deficiency was much stronger. Moreover, phosphorus deficiency diminished (P=0.0015) bone length (by 0.5 cm), however, excess did not change this feature. Response of animals to a decrease bone mass and length due disturbances in phosphorus supply (both deficiency and excess) was the increase the vertical external diameter of the femur shaft.

Excess Liquidity and the Usefulness of the Money Multiplier

We model the behaviour of banks as a main driver of the changing components of the money multiplier (MM). So we provide behavioural underpinnings for the supply and demand for inside and outside money. We illustrate how the creation of large outside money balances by central banks induces behavioural changes, creating an environment characterised by a low MM and low market interest rates. The low regime reflects a state in which the functioning of the financial system changes fundamentally due to excess supply of reserves. This so-called excess liquidity trap has adverse economic consequences, is persistent, and cannot be solved by monetary policy alone. We argue that government and supervisory measures taken during the pandemic provide an example of supporting policies that are effective in escaping the excess liquidity trap.

Solving the Problem of Excess Money Supply During the Post-War Reform of 1947 in the USSR: Methods and Effectiveness

Introduction. The article identifies and summarizes ways to solve the problem of excess money supply on the eve and during the monetary reform. Evaluation of the effectiveness of solving this problem was carried out using a wide range of criteria (economic, social, propaganda-psychological, international and military-political). In general, in this aspect, the topic has not been previously studied enough. Materials and Methods. The study has been carried out on the materials of the central archives, collections of published documents and statistics, as well as on the data of the central periodical press, works and memoirs of the top Soviet leadership. Taking into account the interdisciplinarity of the topic, a set of methods has been involved: general scientific and special scientific. The main methodological principles of this study are historicism, scientific objectivity, consistency, principles of dialectics. Results. In the course of the study, the issue of the post-war reduction in the money supply and putting money circulation in order has been characterized. When considering the implementation of the monetary reform, the desire of the state to be able to strengthen control over the movement of cash in new money has been traced. The solvent demand of the population was limited, which in turn allowed the state to more easily ensure the saturation of the consumer market. Carrying out the exchange of money, together with the abolition of the card system and the reduction in retail prices, mitigated the negative social effect from the loss of part of the savings by the population. Discussion and Conclusion. Before the monetary reform, measures were taken to withdraw money from circulation. As a result of the reform, the cash supply decreased by more than three times. It can be seen from the survey data that, having carried out exchange measures, the state was in no hurry to immediately issue a sufficient amount of new money into circulation, leaving room for maneuver to regulate the volume of money supply. Despite the obvious confiscatory and contradictory nature of the monetary reform, it can be stated that its main financial and economic goal was achieved – it was possible to successfully solve the problem of post-war stabilization of monetary circulation and ensure the transition to a stable peaceful economy.

Vacancy Dwellings Spatial Distribution—The Determinants and Policy Implications in the City of Sapporo, Japan

As the population is shrinking in many municipalities in Japan, one of its effects is the vacant house crisis. The rise of empty houses profoundly affects the city’s society and economy, e.g., property value reduction, increased crime rate, poor sanitation, and housing market stagnation. To better understand the mechanism of the vacant house crisis, the present study proposes to examine the determinants of housing vacancy spatial distribution with the case study of the city of Sapporo. The results highlight the severe vacant cluster in the central city, which would seem to link to the disequilibrium housing market rather than the urban decline. Regarding vacancy determinants, demographic features were the most influential factors, followed by housing and neighborhood characteristics. Specifically, the vacancy correlated strongly with a high density of single households, children, the elderly (in the center), and a high share of offices. The surplus in housing supply and the inelasticity in housing structures also affected the vacancy significantly. On the contrary, a high percentage of private property, household ownership, and the elderly (in suburban) would reduce the vacancy. For other facilities, clinics, parking, public transportation, and educational institutions had a medium effect on the vacancy. Finally, the influence factors varied, across city areas, in magnitude and direction. These outcomes would be helpful for decision-making to alleviate the rise of vacant houses and their effect on the urban area.

How Does the Spatial Misallocation of Land Resources Affect Urban Industrial Transformation and Upgrading? Evidence from China

Industrial transformation and upgrading is a key variable for developing countries to become developed countries. In China’s institutional environment, the central government’s decisions regarding the spatial allocation of land resources cause a differentiation in the evolution of industrial structures and formats among regions, generating significant impacts on urban industrial transformation and upgrading (UITU), with important policy implications. Using panel data from 276 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, this study constructs a spatial panel econometric model and a mediating effect model to reveal how land spatial misallocation (LSM) affects UITU. The results show that, LSM is not conducive to UITU, and this adverse effect is greater in cities with a relative land supply shortage than in cities with a relative land supply surplus. Further research finds that the LSM caused by the relative land supply shortage affects the UITU mainly through intermediate mechanisms that crowd out the investments and financing for real industries and inhibit residents’ demand and innovation, and the LSM caused by the relative land supply surplus affects the UITU mainly through intermediate mechanisms that enhance the survival of low-end industries and disrupt the institutional environment. From these findings, this study not only puts forward specific policy recommendations for optimizing the allocation of land resources in China to promote UITU, but also discusses the implications for related research and practice in other countries.

Housing and Setting Constraints: The Portuguese Evidence

In the last few decades, Portugal has witnessed an extraordinary quantitative and qualitative transformation in housing provision. The pace of housing construction was so extensive that the contemporary real estate market is currently characterized by an excessive supply, vis-à-vis the resident population. In this study, we discuss the impact of the financial process on the housing sector in comparison with tenancy. We consider transaction prices of the housing assignments, either through acquisition or through tenancy. The recent shock resulting from the pandemic situation did not slow down house prices but caused a slight drop in rents. The model used proposes to analyze the fluctuations in prices and rents in the face of external shocks. In the residential market, the estimation is complex due to the many heterogeneous attributes of residential assets. Non-fluctuating variables, such as size, location, and external demand for homes, explain a large part of the variation in price levels included in the model.

Urban ecosystems and heavy rainfall – A Flood Regulating Ecosystem Service modelling approach for extreme events on the local scale

Increasing urbanisation in combination with a rise in the frequency and intensity of heavy rain events increase the risk of urban flooding. Flood Regulating Ecosystem Services (FRES) address the capacity of ecosystems to reduce the flood hazard and lower damage. FRES can be estimated by quantification of supply (provision of a service by an ecosystem) and demand (need for specific ES by society). However, FRES for pluvial floods in cities have rarely been studied and there is a gap in research and methods on FRES supply and demand quantification. In this study, we assessed FRES of an urban district in the City of Rostock (Germany) for a one-hour heavy rainfall event using the hydrological model LEAFlood. The hydrological model delivered the FRES supply indicators of soil water retention and water retained by canopies (interception). An intersection of the potential demand (based on indicators of population density, land reference value, monuments and infrastructure) and the modelled surface water depth revealed the actual demand. Comparing the actual demand and supply indicated the budget of FRES to identify unmet demand and supply surplus. Results show highest mean FRES supply on greened areas of forests, woodlands and green areas, resulting in a supply surplus. Whereas, sealed areas (paved surface where water cannot infiltrate into the soil), such as settlements, urban dense areas, traffic areas and industry, have an unmet demand resulting from low supply and relatively high actual demand. With the hydrological model LEAFlood, single landscape elements on the urban scale can be evaluated regarding their FRES and interception can be considered. Both are important for FRES assessment in urban areas. In contrast to flood risk maps, the study of FRES gives the opportunity to take into account the contribution of nature to flood regulation benefits for the socio-economic system. The visualisation of FRES supply and demand balance helps urban planners to identify hotspots and reduce potential impacts of urban pluvial flooding with ecosystem-based adaptations.

Capillary rarefaction during bed rest is proportionally less than fibre atrophy and loss of oxidative capacity.

Muscle disuse from bed rest or spaceflight results in losses in muscle mass, strength and oxidative capacity. Capillary rarefaction may contribute to muscle atrophy and the reduction in oxidative capacity during bed rest. Artificial gravity may attenuate the negative effects of long-term space missions or bed rest. The aim of the present study was to assess (1) the effects of bed rest on muscle fibre size, fibre type composition, capillarization and oxidative capacity in the vastus lateralis and soleus muscles after 6 and 55days of bed rest and (2) the effectiveness of artificial gravity in mitigating bed-rest-induced detriments to these parameters. Nineteen participants were assigned to a control group (control, n=6) or an intervention group undergoing 30min of centrifugation (n=13). All underwent 55days of head-down tilt bed rest. Vastus lateralis and soleus biopsies were taken at baseline and after 6 and 55days of bed rest. Fibre type composition, fibre cross-sectional area, capillarization indices and oxidative capacity were determined. After just 6days of bed rest, fibre atrophy (-23.2±12.4%, P<0.001) and reductions in capillary-to-fibre ratio (C:F; 1.97±0.57 vs. 1.56±0.41, P<0.001) were proportional in both muscles as reflected by a maintained capillary density. Fibre atrophy proceeded at a much slower rate between 6 and 55days of bed rest (-11.6±12.1% of 6days, P=0.032) and was accompanied by a 19.1% reduction in succinate dehydrogenase stain optical density (P<0.001), without any further significant decrements in C:F (1.56±0.41 vs. 1.49±0.37, P=0.459). Consequently, after 55days of bed rest, the capillary supply-oxidative capacity ratio of a fibre had increased by 41.9% (P<0.001), indicating a capillarization in relative excess of oxidative capacity. Even though the heterogeneity of capillary spacing (LogR SD) was increased after 55days by 12.7% (P=0.004), tissue oxygenation at maximal oxygen consumption of the fibres was improved after 55days bed rest. Daily centrifugation failed to blunt the bed-rest-induced reductions in fibre size and oxidative capacity and capillary rarefaction. The relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity with the capillary supply of a fibre is uncoupled during prolonged bed rest as reflected by a rapid loss of muscle mass and capillaries, followed at later stages by a more than proportional loss of mitochondria without further capillary loss. The resulting excessive capillary supply of the muscle after prolonged bed rest is advantageous for the delivery of substrates needed for subsequent muscle recovery.