Excess Body Adiposity Research Articles

Long-term supplementation with phenolic compounds from jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) reduces adiposophaty and improves glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism

Obesity is a critical public health problem worldwide that has been associated to non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty lipid diseases (NAFLD) and inflammatory diseases. Polyphenols from several food sources have been studied as one option against these health problems. Sabara jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) is a Brazilian berry rich in ellagic acid derivatives and anthocyanins. Here we investigated the effects of a phenolic-rich extract from Sabara jaboticaba (PEJ) in a diet-induced obesity animal model. PEJ at two doses, 50 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg body weight (BW) and 100 mg GAE/kg BW, were administered by daily gavage to obese C57BL/6J mice for 14 weeks. PEJ prevented the excessive body weight and adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as increased energy expenditure. In conclusion, polyphenols from Sabara jaboticaba presented several powerful therapeutic properties relevant for fighting obesity and associated health problems.

Inflammatory-Related Clinical and Metabolic Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients.

Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection elicits inflammatory manifestations that relate with a “cytokine storm.” Objective The aim of this research was to assess the role of circulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and other inflammatory markers in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on metabolic functions and accompanying clinical complications. Patients and Methods. A total of 165 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were examined for medical features and inflammatory markers such as blood IL-6, CRP, ferritin, LDH, neutrophil/lymphocyte index (NLI), D-Dimer, and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW). Regression analyses concerning electronically collected medical data were adjusted by appropriate factors and confounding variables. Results. Plasma IL-6 determinations evidenced a consistent association with hospital stay days, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and mortality rates. Similar trends were found for other proinflammatory variables, where ferritin and NLI showed a remarkable value as surrogates. Hyperglycaemia and the Charlson Comorbidity Index Score were positively associated with the inflammatory response induced by the SARS-COV-2 infection. An unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and alcoholic drinks consumption as well as excessive body adiposity influenced inflammatory-related outcomes in the screened patients. Conclusion IL-6 together with other inflammatory biomarkers accompanied poor clinical and metabolic outcomes in COVID-19-infected patients. IL-6 may result in a suitable proxy to individually categorise patients in order to manage this infectious pandemic.

Effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on vitamin D metabolism and tissue distribution in vitamin D deficient or supplemented mice

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency has been often observed in obese persons. One of the mechanisms suggested for low vitamin D status in obesity was decreased bioavailability of vitamin D (VD) due to sequestration in adipose tissue. However, only few studies have investigated this mechanism via quantifying vitamin D levels from tissues from the obese.MethodsSix-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were fed 10 or 45% kcal fat (CON or HFD) diets containing 50, 1000 or 25,000 IU vitamin D3/kg diet (LVd, CVd or HVd) for 13 wks. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and liver and adipose tissue cholecalciferol (VD3) and 25-hydrocholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. mRNA levels of jejunal Mttp, Cd36, Sr-b1, Npc1l1, and Abca1 and liver and adipose tissue 25-hydroxylases (Cyp2r1 and Cyp27a1) were determined by real-time PCR.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels were affected by dietary vitamin D content but differential effects were observed between HFD and CON groups. When vitamin D intake was at a supplementary level, the HFD-HVd group had lower serum 25(OH)D levels than the CON-HVd group, while there was no significant difference between the HFD and CON groups fed LVd or CVd. Total amount of VD3 in liver and adipose tissue were significantly higher in HFD-HVd group compared with the CON-HVd group. However, no difference in total amount of tissue VD3 was observed between the CON and HFD groups fed CVd. In jejunum, mRNA levels of Mttp and Abca1 were significantly higher in HFD groups than CON groups. There was no difference in mRNA levels of liver 25-hydroxylases by both dietary fat amount and vitamin D content.ConclusionA significant amount of VD3 seemed to be stored in the liver and adipose tissue when dietary vitamin D is at a supplementation level; thus excess body adiposity could contribute to relatively low serum 25(OH)D level when vitamin D was supplemented.

Changes in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and adiposity among pre-school children in Kraków, Poland, from 2008 to 2018.

Socioeconomic changes occurring over time influence the lifestyle choices of a population, and these can significantly affect children's body weight and composition. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in prevalence of overweight, obesity and adiposity in pre-school children in Poland between 2008 and 2018. Body height, body weight and subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 2167 children aged 3-7 years from Kraków. Body mass index and adiposity (percentage body fat, %BF) were calculated for the children, who were then categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese according to Cole's cut-off points. Adiposity was categorized according to the z-scores for %BF as low (<-1), normal (-1 to 1) or high (>1). Differences between cohorts were analysed using the chi-squared test. Only the decrease in the prevalence of obesity in 5-year-old girls was found to be statistically significant. However, some overall tendencies were noted. Decreases in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were observed for both sexes, as well as in the incidence of high adiposity in boys and low adiposity in girls. Increases in the prevalence of high adiposity in girls and low adiposity in boys were also noted. There was no significant change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among pre-school children over the study decade, and the visible tendencies included decreases in the prevalence of excess body weight and adiposity as well as underweight and low body fat. Also, the visible trends in adiposity were mostly negative. Further studies should, however, also consider the levels of physical fitness and activity of children, as these have a crucial influence on the measured characteristics.

Physical inactivity and knee osteoarthritis in guinea pigs

To investigate whether and how a sedentary lifestyle contributes to knee osteoarthritis (OA) incidence and severity. An experiment was conducted using Hartley guinea pigs, an established idiopathic knee OA model. To simulate a sedentary lifestyle, growing animals (n=18) were housed for 22 weeks in small cages that restricted their mobility, while another group of animals (n=17) received daily treadmill exercise to simulate moderate physical activity. After the experiment, histological assessments, biochemical assays, and mechanical testing were conducted to compare tibial articular cartilage structure, strength, and degree of OA degeneration between sedentary and physically active animals. Groups were also compared based on body weight and composition, as well as gut microbial community composition assessed using fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Prevalence of knee OA was similar between sedentary and physically active animals, but severity of the disease (cartilage lesion depth) was substantially greater in the sedentary group (P=0.02). In addition, during the experiment, sedentary animals developed cartilage with lower aggrecan quantity (P=0.03) and accumulated more body weight (P=0.005) and visceral adiposity (P=0.007). Groups did not differ greatly, however, in terms of cartilage thickness, collagen quantity, or stiffness, nor in terms of muscle weight, subcutaneous adiposity, or gut microbial community composition. Our findings indicate that a sedentary lifestyle promotes the development of knee OA, particularly by enhancing disease severity rather than risk of onset, and this potentially occurs through multiple pathways including by engendering growth of functionally deficient joint tissues and the accumulation of excess body weight and adiposity.

Tissue Distribution of Cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in Normal and Obese Mice Fed Different Levels of Vitamin D (P24-003-19)

ObjectivesVitamin D deficiency is often observed in obese person. One of the mechanisms suggested is the decreased bioavailability of vitamin D due to its deposition in adipose tissue. We investigated the effects of obesity on vitamin D distribution by measuring 25(OH)D levels in circulation and comparing vitamin D content in liver and adipose tissue from obese and control mice fed different levels of vitamin D. MethodsSix-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were fed control or high fat (10 or 45% kcal fat, CON or HFD) diets containing different levels of vitamin D3 (1000, or 25,000 IU/kg of diet, CVd or HVd) for 13 wks. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was determined by radioimmunoassay. Vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 levels in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue (AT) were quantified by LC-MS/MS. mRNA levels of liver Cyp2r1 and Cyp27a1 were determined by real-time PCR. ResultsOverall, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the HVd groups compared with CVd groups. There was no difference in serum 25(OH)D levels between CON-CVd and HFD-CVd groups. However, in the vitamin D supplemented groups, HFD-HVd group had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels (20% lower) than CON-HVd group. Vitamin D3 levels in the liver and AT were 55 and 100 times higher in the HVd groups (liver and AT: 719 and 318 ng/g tissue) compared with the CVd groups. 25(OH)D3 levels in the liver and AT were also 3.3 and 2.4 times higher in the HVd groups (liver and AT: 33.9 and 18.9 ng/g tissue) than those of the CVd groups. Total amount of vitamin D3 in the liver and AT were significantly higher in the HFD-HVd group (121 and 44% higher) compared with CON-HVd group. However, when mice were fed the control levels of vitamin D, dietary fat levels did not affect the vitamin D3 amount in the liver and AT. Liver Cyp2r1 and Cyp27a1 mRNA levels did not differ among groups. ConclusionsWhen vitamin D intake was at a supplementation level, a significant amount of dietary vitamin D seemed to be stored in the liver and AT; thus excess body adiposity could contribute to lower serum 25(OH)D level. However, at a control level of vitamin D intake, obesity did not affect tissue vitamin D amount and serum 25(OH)D levels. Funding SourcesSupported by the grant from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (NRF-2018R1D1A1B070491) and Research Grant from Research Affairs at Seoul National University.

Increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is associated with excess weight, body adiposity, and altered lipid profile in children

ObjectiveTo investigate ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in children. MethodsCross‐sectional study with 258 children aged 8 and 9 years old, enrolled in all urban schools in the city of Viçosa‐MG. Anthropometric and body composition assessment, as well as biochemical profile of the children was performed. Socioeconomic variables and sedentary lifestyle were evaluated through a semi‐structured questionnaire. ResultsMany children had excess weight (35.2%), abdominal adiposity (10.5%), and body fat (15.6%), as well as increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (14.7%), total cholesterol (51.8%), and triglycerides (19.8%). Children with excess weight and total and central fat had a higher prevalence of having a higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, as well as those with atherogenic lipid profile (increased LDL‐c and triglycerides and low HDL‐c). A direct association was found between the number of cardiovascular risk factors and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (p=0.001), regardless of age and income. ConclusionThe increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was associated with excess weight, body adiposity (total and central), and altered lipid profile in children. Children with a higher number of cardiovascular risk factors had higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, in both genders.

Association of Dietary Patterns with Excess Weight and Body Adiposity in Brazilian Children: The Pase-Brasil Study.

BackgroundObesity is a multifactorial disease and a serious public health problem. Some of the associated factors are modifiable and, among them, the diet is highlighted.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of dietary patterns of schoolchildren with obesity and body adiposity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with 378 children aged 8 and 9 years, enrolled in urban schools in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the children and their caregivers on sociodemographic characteristics and life habits. Three 24-hour food recalls were used to identify dietary patterns; the Principal Component Analysis was employed. Weight and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index (BMI) of the children and their mothers, waist circumference and neck circumference. Body composition was also evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For all performed tests, the level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsFive dietary patterns (DP) were identified: “unhealthy”, “snacks”, “traditional”, “industrialized” and “healthy”. There was an association between excess weight (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.02 to 1.87) and body fat (PR: 1.32, 95%CI : 1.07 to 1.64) with industrialized DP. There was an association between excess body fat (PR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.74) and lower adherence to traditional DP. The other patterns were not associated with obesity and body adiposity.ConclusionChildren with excess weight and body adiposity showed greater adherence to the industrialized DP and lower adherence to the traditional DP. We suggest that early assessments of dietary habits should be undertaken for monitoring and modifying these habits when necessary.

Excessive abdominal adiposity and body fat are associated with lower serum vitamin D levels: A population-based study

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and to analyze factors associated with lower serum vitamin levels in Brazilian adults. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based study consisted of 626 adult individuals of both sexes living in the urban area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. The dependent variable used was the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the independent variables were sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition variables. The associations among the variables were verified using simple and multiple linear regression models, considering alpha lower than 0.05 for the input in the final model. Results The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was 14.4% and the prevalence was 42.0%. Excess abdominal fat was higher in subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D sufficiency. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 30.34±9.85ng/ml. Body adiposity was higher in men with vitamin insufficiency. Negative associations were observed between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age, educational level, body adiposity (p=0.028) and abdominal adiposity (p=0.023). Conclusion Our results showed that excess body and abdominal adiposity are strong predictors of alterations in the serum vitamin D levels, thus public policies for prevention and treatment in this population are essential.

Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of obese students with sleep problems in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective This study estimated the combined prevalence of insufficient number of hours of sleep per day and excess body adiposity among young students. The sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics associated with this concurrent health conditions were investigated. Methods This is a cross-sectional school-based study of 975 participants aged 11-14 years in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Body adiposity was assessed based on tricipital and subscapular skinfold measurements and classified according to Lohman. The total number of hours of sleep per day was reported by the students’ parents/guardians, and it was classified as follows: as &lt;8 hours per day and ≥8 hours per day. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption, and physical activity were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression with a 5% significance level were used to evaluate the association between the variables. Results The combined prevalence of insufficient number of hours of sleep per day and excess body adiposity was 25.1% (CI95%:20.7-29.9). The sociodemographic and behavioral factors predictive of these conditions were as follows: 13-14 year age group and household monthly income in the intermediate tertile. Conclusion The concurrent presence of insufficient sleep and excess body adiposity was found in a little more than a quarter of the students investigated. The population subgroups belonging to the 13-14 year age group and intermediate tertile of income were more likely to have concurrent insufficient number of hours of sleep per day and excess body adiposity.

Body Mass Index and Other Anthropomorphic Variables in Relation to Risk of Colorectal Carcinoma Subtypes Classified by Tumor Differentiation Status

Metabolic energy dysregulation may affect intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis, and thus promote colorectal carcinogenesis. Yet, little is known about the association between obesity and enterocyte differentiation during tumor development.We hypothesized that an association between anthropomorphic measurements and colorectal carcinoma incidence might differ according to tumor histopathologic differentiation status. Anthropomorphic variables evaluated included Body Mass Index (BMI), Hip circumference (HC), Waist circumference (WC), and Waist‐Hip Ratio (WHR).Using data from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals' Follow‐up Study, and performing duplication‐method Cox proportional hazard models, we prospectively examined an association between BMI, mean waist/hip circumference (WC/HC), and waist‐hip ratio (WHR) with the incidence of colorectal carcinoma subtypes classified by differentiation status. 120,813 participants were followed for 26 or 32 years and 1528 colorectal cancer cases with available tumor pathological data were documented.The association between BMI and colorectal cancer risk significantly differed depending on the presence or absence of poorly differentiated tumor foci (Pheterogeneity = 0.006). Higher BMI was associated with higher risk of colorectal carcinoma without poorly differentiated foci (≥30.0 vs. 18.5–22.4 kg/m2: multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–2.34; Ptrend &lt;0.001), but not with risk of carcinoma with poorly‐differentiated foci (Ptrend = 0.56). While in men, high WC, HC, and WHR were associated with overall incidence of colorectal carcinoma (Ptrend ≤ 0.01), there was no statistically significant association between these variables and tumor differentiation status (Pheterogeneity &gt;0.27). Furthermore, the association between anthropomorphic variables and colorectal carcinoma did not differ significantly by overall tumor grade, mucinous differentiation, or the presence of a signet‐ring‐cell component (PHeterogeneity &gt; 0.03, with the adjusted α of 0.01). The differential association of BMI with tumor differentiation appeared to be consistent in strata of tumor microsatellite instability and fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression, although statistical power was limited.Whilst BMI was associated with increased risk of the colorectal cancer subtype lacking poorly differentiated foci, there was no independent association between tumor differentiation and measures of central adiposity. Our findings suggest that the carcinogenic effect of generalized excess body adiposity may be stronger for tumors that retain greater degrees of intestinal differentiation.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants (P01 CA87969 to M.J. Stampfer; UM1 CA186107 to M.J. Stampfer; P01 CA55075 to W.C. Willett; UM1 CA167552 to W.C. Willett; U01 CA167552 to W.C. Willett and L.A. Mucci; P50 CA127003 to C.S.F.; R01 CA118553 to C.S.F.; R01 CA169141 to C.S.F.; R01 CA137178 to A.T.C.; K24 DK098311 to A.T.C.; R35 CA197735 to S.O.; R01 CA151993 to S.O.; K07 CA190673 to R.N.; and K07 CA188126 to X.Z.); by Nodal Award from the Dana‐Farber Harvard Cancer Center (to S.O.); and by grants from the Project P Fund, The Friends of the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Bennett Family Fund, and the Entertainment Industry Foundation through National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance, and by Stand Up to Cancer Colorectal Cancer Dream Team Translational Research Grant (to C.S.F. and M.Gi.). J.B. was supported by the Australia Awards‐Endeavour Scholarships and Fellowships Program. K.K. was supported by grants from Overseas Research Fellowship (JP2017–775) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. T.H. was supported by a fellowship grant from the Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation.T.H. was supported by a fellowship grant from the Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation. L.L. was supported by a scholarship grant from Chinese Scholarship Council and a fellowship grant from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Factors associated with body adiposity index (BAI) in adults: population-based study

The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with the body adiposity index. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 964 adults between 20 and 59 years of age, in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Household questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were applied to obtain data. Multiple analysis was performed using linear regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect. The prevalence of excess body adiposity was 36.89 (CI 30.81 to 43.43), being higher among men (48.18% - CI 39.09 to 57.34). Factors positively associated with body adiposity index were: female sex (p = 0.002); age in years (p < 0.001); those living with a partner (p = 0.022). Self-evaluation of positive health (p = 0.048) was negatively associated with the body adiposity index. The prevalence of excess body fat was high and the sex, age, marital status, health self-evaluation and dissatisfaction with body image were determinant factors to the increase in body adiposity in this population, indicating a marked risk for chronic diseases resulting from excess body fat.

Increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is associated with excess weight, body adiposity, and altered lipid profile in children

ObjectiveTo investigate ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in children. MethodsCross-sectional study with 258 children aged 8 and 9 years old, enrolled in all urban schools in the city of Viçosa-MG. Anthropometric and body composition assessment, as well as biochemical profile of the children was performed. Socioeconomic variables and sedentary lifestyle were evaluated through a semi-structured questionnaire. ResultsMany children had excess weight (35.2%), abdominal adiposity (10.5%), and body fat (15.6%), as well as increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (14.7%), total cholesterol (51.8%), and triglycerides (19.8%). Children with excess weight and total and central fat had a higher prevalence of having a higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, as well as those with atherogenic lipid profile (increased LDL-c and triglycerides and low HDL-c). A direct association was found between the number of cardiovascular risk factors and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (p=0.001), regardless of age and income. ConclusionThe increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was associated with excess weight, body adiposity (total and central), and altered lipid profile in children. Children with a higher number of cardiovascular risk factors had higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, in both genders.

Diet and body fat in adolescence and early adulthood: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

Adipose tissue is a vital component of the human body, but in excess, it represents a risk to health. According to the World Health Organization, one of the main factors determining excessive body adiposity is the dietary habit. This systematic review investigated longitudinal studies that assessed the association between diet and body fat in adolescents and young adults. Twenty-one relevant papers published between 2001 and 2015 were selected. The most used method for estimating body fat was the body mass index (15 studies). Diet was most commonly assessed by estimating the consumption of food groups (cereals, milk and dairy products) and specific foods (sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, fast foods, milk, etc.). Ten studies found a direct association between diet and quantity of body fat. During adolescence, adhering to a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of energy-dense food, fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and soft drinks, as well as low fiber intake, appears to contribute to an increase in body fat in early adulthood. The findings of the present study suggest that the frequent consumption of unhealthy foods and food groups (higher energy density and lower nutrient content) in adolescence is associated with higher quantity of body fat in early adulthood.

Traducción al español de la escala de adicción a los alimentos de Yale (Yale Food Addiction Scale) y su evaluación en una muestra de población mexicana. Análisis factorial

Resumen Introducción. La obesidad es la acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal, lo que condiciona una alta comorbilidad. El consumo descontrolado de alimentos hipercalóricos es causa de su desarrollo; ésta es una conducta de características similares a la de pacientes con adicción a sustancias. La escala de adicción a los alimentos, YFAS (Yale Food Addiction Scale), permite identificar a sujetos con conducta adictiva a los alimentos. Objetivo. Validar la escala YFAS en español en una muestra de población mexicana adulta. Método. La muestra de participantes (160) respondió a la encuesta en dos ocasiones, con un período de tres semanas entre cada aplicación. La pertinencia de un modelo factorial se corroboró con las pruebas de esfericidad de Bartlett y la medición del parámetro de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin. Resultados. El α de Cronbach = 0.7963 corroboró la consistencia interna de la escala. Para la confiabilidad se obtuvo el coeficiente de Spearman por la metodología test-retest, de r = 0.565, n = 96. La validación por convergencia, correlacionando con la escala para trastorno por atracón (Binge Eating Scale, BES) (r = 0.5868 p ≤ 0.0001; n = 157). Las pruebas de Bartlett (χ2(300) = 1572.3, p &lt; 0.05) y Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0.825) mostraron pertinencia del modelo factorial. Además, se correlacionaron los resultados de la YFAS con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (r = 0.2843 p ≤ 0.001; n = 151). Discusión y conclusión. Esta versión de YFAS presentó propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y similares a las de la original y a otras de sus traducciones y adaptaciones. Se considera entonces con utilidad para la práctica asistencial y para estudios de investigación clínica en población mexicana.

Pediatric Loss of Control Eating and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.

Loss of control (LOC) eating in youth is associated with excess body weight and adiposity. After adjusting for fat mass, youth with LOC eating have higher blood pressure and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to youth without LOC eating. Increased inflammation may account for this relationship, although few data have examined this hypothesis. Therefore, this study explored the association between LOC eating and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of inflammation. We investigated hsCRP concentrations in relation to LOC eating in a convenience sample of 194 youth (age 14.3 ± 2.1 years; 63.9% female; BMI-z 1.64 ± 1.06). The presence of LOC eating in the past month was assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination interview. Serum hsCRP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adiposity was measured by air displacement plethysmography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We compared hsCRP in those with and without LOC eating in analyses accounting for sex, adiposity, height, depressive symptoms, and eating psychopathology. Youth with LOC eating had significantly greater hsCRP than youth without LOC eating (p = 0.02), after accounting for all covariates. The number of LOC eating episodes in the past month was positively associated with hsCRP (p = 0.01). The relationship between LOC eating and hsCRP was not mediated by depressive symptoms or eating psychopathology (ps > 0.05). Youth with disinhibited eating may manifest increased chronic inflammation. Those with LOC eating may be an important subgroup at risk for adverse health outcomes associated with both chronic inflammation and obesity. Future research should examine whether hsCRP concentrations mediate the relationship between LOC eating and its association with cardiometabolic risk.

Age at Menarche and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study Among 27,482 Women.

To examine the association between age at menarche and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A prospective cohort study of 42,109 eligible pregnancies from 27,482 women in the Nurses' Health Study II. The adjusted risk ratios for GDM across the age at menarche categories (≤11, 12, 13, and ≥14 years) were 1.34 (95% CI 1.14-1.58), 1.13 (0.97-1.31), 1.11 (0.95-1.29), and 1.00 (referent; P for trend = 0.0005), respectively. Analysis of the mediating effect indicated that 42.1% (P = 0.0007) of the association was mediated through prepregnancy BMI. These findings suggested that earlier menarche was significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. This association was largely mediated through prepregnancy excessive body adiposity.

Adiposity and cancer risk: new mechanistic insights from epidemiology.

Excess body adiposity, commonly expressed as body mass index (BMI), is a risk factor for many common adult cancers. Over the past decade, epidemiological data have shown that adiposity-cancer risk associations are specific for gender, site, geographical population, histological subtype and molecular phenotype. The biological mechanisms underpinning these associations are incompletely understood but need to take account of the specificities observed in epidemiology to better inform future prevention strategies.

Post-traumatic stress disorder predicts future weight change in the Millennium Cohort Study.

To prospectively examine the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and weight change. Longitudinal analysis techniques were used to examine data (2001-2008) from Millennium Cohort Study participants, consisting of U.S. service members and veterans. Using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, PTSD was assessed as none, resolved, new onset, or persistent. Subsequent weight change was assessed as stable (≤3% loss or gain), >3% weight loss, >3% but <10% weight gain, and ≥10% weight gain. Of the 38,352 participants, 2391 (6.2%) had PTSD (838 resolved, 1024 new onset, and 529 persistent), and 11% of participants subsequently had ≥10% weight gain. In multivariable models, PTSD was associated with higher odds of ≥10% weight gain (new onset OR: 1.44 [95% CI: 1.20-1.73]; persistent OR: 1.51 [CI: 1.17-1.96]; resolved OR: 1.30 [CI: 1.05-1.60]) compared with those without PTSD. New-onset and persistent PTSD were also associated with higher odds of >3% weight loss (OR: 1.41 [CI: 1.17-1.71]; OR: 1.42 [CI: 1.09-1.86], respectively). PTSD is independently associated with a higher risk of weight gain and loss, the former of which leads to a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and a higher risk of comorbidities associated with excessive body adiposity.

OP79 ADIPOKINES MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN ASIAN ETHNIC GROUPS: SINGAPORE ADULT METABOLISM STUDY (SAMS)

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and insulin resistance frequently coexists in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. NASH can be defined as a lipotoxic liver injury caused by excess body adiposity. Hepatic inflammation and/or fibrosis could be caused by lipid peroxidation preceded by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. In our previous study, we developed a cholesteroland saturated fatty acid-induced model of lipotoxic NASH and revealed that hepatic oxidative stress and insulin resistance promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis [1,2]. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid compound that is known to be approximately 500 times more potent in inhibiting lipid peroxidation than vitamin E in vitro . In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effect of astaxanthin against the progression of NASH to clarify the significance of lipid peroxidation-mediated lipotoxicity and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of NASH. Method: 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed on a highcholesterol/high-fat diet (CL) or a CL diet containing 0.02% astaxanthin (CL + Ax), for a total of 12 weeks. The lipid peroxidation, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory/stress signal were evaluated. Result: After 8 weeks of feeding, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver were significantly increased and histological examination revealed hepatic steatosis and inflammation. At week 12, hepatic fibrosis was observed in mice fed CL diet. They showed hyperinsulinemia (CL1.4±0.3 vs normal chow (NC) 0.3±0.1ng/ml, p< 0.05) and glucose intolerance even though weight and adiposity were similar, indicating that mice fed on a CL diet developed NASH associated with insulin resistance. Astaxanthin administration markedly reduced lipid peroxidation and improved glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in CL group. CL group had 2.5-fold and 4.1-fold increases in hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels compared to NC group; astaxanthin decreased hepatic TG and TC levels by 38% and 46%, respectively (all p< 0.05). The a-SMA positive cell, as an index of activated stellate cells, increased in CL group, but decreased significantly in CL+Ax group. Furthermore, CL treatment led to 1.5-fold and 6-fold increase in TGF-b and collagen I mRNA expression, and 4.3-fold increase in hydroxyproline content, whereas astaxanthin administration inhibited fibrosis, lowering the TGF-b and collagen I mRNA expression, and hydroxyproline content by 28%, 35%, and 24%, respectively (all p< 0.05). Astaxanthin administration in CL-fed mice led to enhanced insulin signal assessed by IRb and Akt phosphorylation in the liver. These findings were associated with reduction of ER stress (CHOP/GRP78), attenuation of MAPK (JNK/p38MAPK) and NF-kB activation in liver. Astaxanthin, however, showed little effect on insulin resistance and stress response in the adipose tissue in the CL-treated mice. Conclusion: Hepatic cholesterol and TG accumulation causes excessive lipid peroxidation and the development of insulin resistance, leading to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, inhibits the progression of NASH by attenuating lipid accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and insulin resistance. Reference(s) [1] Matsuzawa N et al, Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in mice fed an atherogenic diet. Hepatology 46: 1392–1403, 2007. [2] Ota T et al., Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 132:282–293, 2007.