Excellent Electrochemical Properties Research Articles

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of bile acids via ZIF-67-MOF-derived CoNi(OH)x/CeO2/COOH-MWCNTs composite electrodes

Fast and ultra-sensitive assays are essential for the assessment of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines. Here, an ultrasensitive and rapid electrochemical detection of bile acid in traditional Chinese medicine using composite electrodes is presented. Cobalt-nickel hydroxide and cerium dioxide (CoNi(OH)x/CeO2) nanomaterials were synthesized in situ by a two-step reflux method with cobalt-containing metal–organic framework (ZIF-67), as precursor. It was ultrasonically complexed with carboxylated carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs) to form CoNi(OH)x/CeO2/COOH-MWCNTs composites, for facile direct detection of bile acids in traditional Chinese medicine. Characterization methods were used to verify the successful creation of the composite CoNi(OH)x/CeO2/COOH-MWCNTs, a material which demonstrated excellent electrochemical properties. The experimental results showed that the electrode responded well when bile acids, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and 3α hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were simultaneously present in the solution, and that the peak current had a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.988) with the concentration of bile acids (0.05–10.0 µM). The sensor has an outstanding detection limit of 1.0 nM, 2–3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the concentration. Therefore, it can be used for rapid on-site detection of bile acids in real traditional Chinese medicines.

Efficient storage of zinc ions in MoS2 is facilitated by F and P co-doping induced S vacancies

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted significant attention as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and limited cycling stability of MoS2 bring substantial challenges to its widespread utilization. Herein, the hydrangea-like MoS2 nanosheets have been synthesized through in-situ co-doping of F and P, which produce an abundance of S vacancies that expand the MoS2 interlayer spacing, increase the number of active sites, enhance the reaction kinetics of Zn2+, and deliver excellent electrochemical properties. The synthesized F/P-MoS2 demonstrates exceptional rate performance as expected, with a capacity of 147.7 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and favorable cycle stability, retaining a capacity of 88.4 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 when used as the positive electrode for AZIBs. Kinetic investigations have revealed that the electrochemical process of F/P-MoS2 is primarily controlled by pseudocapacitance behavior, which enhances its charge and discharge dynamics while maintaining its structural integrity throughout cycling. This work offers valuable insights for enhancing the energy storage performance of MoS2.

Constructing a 3D Ion Transport Channel-Based CNF Composite Film with an Intercalated Structure for Superior Performance Flexible Supercapacitors.

The weak stiffness, huge thickness, and low specific capacitance of commonly utilized flexible supercapacitors hinder their great electrochemical performance. Learning from a biomimetic interface strategy, we design flexible film electrodes based on functional intercalated structures with excellent electrochemical properties and mechanical flexibility. A composite film with high strength and flexibility is created using graphene (reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) as the plane layer, layered double metal hydroxide (LDH) as the support layer, and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the connection agent and flexible agent. The interlayer height can be adjusted by the ion concentration. The highly interconnected network enables excellent electron and ion transport channels, facilitating rapid ion diffusion and redox reactions. Moreover, the high flexibility and mechanical properties of the film achieve multiple folding and bending. The CNF-rGO-NiCoLDH film electrode exhibits high capacitance performance (3620.5 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2), excellent mechanical properties, and high flexibility. Notably, flexible all-solid assembled CNF-rGO-NiCoLDH//rGO has an extremely high area energy density of 53.5 mWh cm-2 at a power density of 1071.2 mW cm-2, along with cycling stability of 89.8% retention after 10 000 charge-discharge cycles. This work provides a perspective for designing high-performance energy storage materials for flexible electronics and wearable devices.

Flexible ceramic based ‘paper separator’ with enhanced safety for high performance lithium-ion batteries: Probing the effect of ceramics impregnation on electrochemical performances

Cellulose is now considered as an appealing environment friendly material for the development of sustainable separators for rechargeable batteries. This study thus aims to develop high performance paper based ceramic separators with superior electrolyte wettability (>170 %), high thermal stability (>200 °C) and excellent flame safety. While developing paper based ceramic separator, extensive studies are carried out to understand thenature and functionality of different nano-structured ceramic materials (Al2O3, BaTiO3 and ZrO2) impregnated in paper matrix. Nano-ZrO2 facilitates an effective pathway for Li +-ion transport (tLi+ = 0.51), whereas BaTiO3 and Al2O3 ceramics show moderate Li +-ion transport properties (tLi+ of 0.29 and 0.30 respectively). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement clearly reveals that ZrO2 exhibits more interfacial compatibility with the electrodes (MCMB and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) compared to the other two ceramic separators during full cell operation. The developed paper separators show excellent electrochemical properties in terms of cycling (tested 300 cycles), multi-electrode compatibility and rate capabilities at different current densities of 0.1–1.2 mAcm−2. The pre- and post-electrochemical EIS data reveal that ZrO2 based impregnation offers significantly lower charge transfer resistance compared to the other two separators. The study thus demonstrates a real promise for its successful application in Li-ion battery towards achieving sustainability and safety.

In situ Preparation of SiOx/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films with Excellent Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties as an Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Silicon monoxide (SiOx) has become one of the most promising anode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the inherent low electrical conductivity and large volume change during lithiation/delithiation processes hinder its practical applications. Here, a novel and facile strategy is designed to prepare SiOx/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films in one step by using a method involving floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). That is, SiOx particles and CNTs form at high temperature and winded directly on a drum to give rise to a film in an open air environment. The composite film is made up of a 3D CNT network with SiOx particles uniformly embedded. The as‐prepared composite film not only has a tensile strength of 78 MPa and elongation at break of 52%, but also exhibits a high specific capacity of 966.4 mA h g−1 after 120 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 and a good rate capacity of 448.7 mA h g−1 at the current density of 2 A g−1 when used as an anode material for LIBs. The results from the in‐situ preparation and resultant composite suggest a new route for developing high‐performance anode materials for LIBs.

Electrochemiluminescence-Based Single-Particle Tracking of the Biomolecules Moving along Intercellular Membrane Nanotubes between Live Cells.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging, a rapidly evolving technology, has attracted significant attention in the field of cellular imaging. However, its primary limitation lies in its inability to analyze the motion behaviors of individual particles in live cellular environments. In this study, we leveraged the exceptional ECL properties of quantum dots (QDs) and the excellent electrochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs) to develop a high-brightness ECL nanoprobe (CDs-QDs) for real-time ECL imaging between living cells. This nanoprobe has excellent signal-to-noise ratio imaging capabilities for the single-particle tracking (SPT) of biomolecules. Our finding elucidated the enhanced ECL mechanism of CDs-QDs in the presence of reactive oxygen species through photoluminescence, electrochemistry, and ECL techniques. We further tracked the movement of single particles on membrane nanotubes between live cells and confirmed that the ECL-based SPT technique using CD-QD nanoparticles is an effective approach for monitoring the transport behaviors of biomolecules on membrane nanotubes between live cells. This opens a promising avenue for the advancement of ECL-based single-particle detection and the dynamic quantitative imaging of biomolecules.

Assembly of manganese dioxide/polypyrrole electrode//activated carbon flexible asymmetric supercapacitor with excellent electrochemical performances

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) often suffers from a slow electron transport, and so improving the charge transport capability of MnO2 is imminent. In here, crossed MnO2 nanosheets grown on carbon cloth (CC) are fabricated firstly and subsequently coated with a layer of polypyrrole (PPy) to prepare CC/MnO2/PPy (CC/MP) electrode. At 1 A g−1, the prepared electrode is able to deliver a specific capacitance of 328 F g−1. The flexible asymmetric supercapacitor consists of CC/MP and CC/activated carbon (CC/AC) separately as positive and negative electrodes and PVA‐H2SO4 as gel electrolyte. The assembled device exhibits a specific capacitance of 123.96 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1, reaches a voltage window of 1.6 V, has a capacitance retention of 96.46% after 8000 cycles, and produces an energy density of 25.67 W h kg−1 at a power density of 401.79 W kg−1, as well as an energy density of 8.78 W h kg−1 at a power density of 3902.22 W kg−1. The two devices in series can illuminate 1.8 V red light‐emitting diode (LED) light. These excellent electrochemical properties are ascribed to the unique heterostructure of the electrode composite. The outcomes indicate that the prepared CC/MP electrode and the corresponding device have huge potential applications in next‐generation high‐performance supercapacitor devices.

P-doped Mo2C nanoparticles embedded on carbon nanofibers as an efficient electrocatalyst for Li-S batteries

Designing a reliable sulfur host that can simultaneously catalyze sulfur redox reactions and suppress polysulfides shuttling is highly desired for the development of advancing Li-S batteries. In this work, P-doped Mo2C nanoparticles anchoring on carbon nanofibers (CNF) is prepared via an organic–inorganic nanohybridization process. The interwoven CNF networks establish continuous electrons transport pathways and provide a large surface area for loading P-Mo2C nanoparticles. The P dopant tunes the electronic structure of Mo2C, which endows P-Mo2C with enhanced polysulfides adsorption ability and improved sulfur redox kinetics. Leveraging these advantages, the Li-S battery shows excellent electrochemical properties, delivering a high specific capacity of 1174 mA·h·g−1 at 0.2 C, and maintaining over 1200 stable cycles at 1 C with a low capacity attenuation rate of 0.043 % per cycle. At a S loading of 4.88 mg·cm−2 and E/S ratio of 8.25 μL·mg−1, the Li-S battery attains an areal capacity of 6.50 mA·h·cm−2 at 0.05 C. These results highlight the promising application potential of P-Mo2C@CNF as an effective electrocatalyst for Li-S batteries.

Sulfur vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces promote high performance sodium storage of bimetallic chalcogenide hollow nanospheres

Transition metal sulfides have high theoretical capacities and are considered as potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, due to low inherent conductivity and significant volume expansion, the electrochemical performance is greatly limited. In this study, a nickel/manganese sulfide material (Ni0.96Sx/MnSy-NC) with adjustable sulfur vacancies and heterogeneous hollow spheres was prepared using a simple method. The introduction of a concentration-adjustable sulfur vacancy enables the generation of a heterogeneous interface between bimetallic sulfide and sulfur vacancies. This interface collectively creates an internal electric field, improving the mobility of electrons and ions, increasing the number of electrochemically active sites, and further optimizing the performance of Na+ storage. The direction of electron flow is confirmed by Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hollow nano-spherical material provides a buffer for expansion, facilitating rapid transfer kinetics. Our innovative discovery involves the interaction between the ether-based electrolyte and copper foil, leading to the formation of Cu9S5, which grafts the active material and copper current collector, reinforcing mechanical supporting. This results in a new heterostructure of Cu9S5 with Ni0.96Sx/MnSy, contributing to the stabilization of structural integrity for long-cycle performance. Therefore, Ni0.96Sx/MnSy-NC exhibits excellent electrochemical properties following our modification route. Regarding stability performance, Ni0.96Sx/MnSy-NC demonstrates an average decay rate of 0.00944% after 10,000 cycles at an extremely high current density of 10000 mA g−1. A full cell with a high capacity of 304.2 mA h g−1 was also successfully assembled by using Na3V2(PO4)3/C as the cathode. This study explores a novel strategy for interface/vacancy co-modification in the fabrication of high-performance sodium-ion batteries electrode.

Ammonium Ion-Pre-Intercalated MnO2 on Carbon Cloth for High-Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

With the continuous development of green energy, society is increasingly demanding advanced energy storage devices. Manganese-based asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) can deliver high energy density while possessing high power density. However, the structural instability hampers the wider application of manganese dioxide in ASCs. A novel MnO2-based electrode material was designed in this study. We synthesized a MnO2/carbon cloth electrode, CC@NMO, with NH4+ ion pre-intercalation through a one-step hydrothermal method. The pre-intercalation of NH4+ stabilizes the MnO2 interlayer structure, expanding the electrode stable working potential window to 0-1.1 V and achieving a remarkable mass specific capacitance of 181.4 F g-1. Furthermore, the ASC device fabricated using the CC@NMO electrode and activated carbon electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties. The CC@NMO//AC achieves a high energy density of 63.49 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 949.8 W kg-1. Even after cycling 10,000 times at 10 A g-1, the device retains 81.2% of its capacitance. This work sheds new light on manganese dioxide-based asymmetric supercapacitors and represents a significant contribution for future research on them.

Fluorinated carbon as high-performance cathode for aqueous zinc primary batteries.

Fluorinated carbon (CFx) has been extensively served as promising positive electrode material for lithium primary batteries due to its high energy density. However, there are comparatively far less reports about the use of CFx on other battery systems, let alone on the research of aqueous batteries. Herein in this study, we employed CFx as the cathode active for aqueous zinc batteries for the first time and systematically investigated its electrochemical behavior under a series of aqueous zinc-ion electrolytes. As is discovered that the F/C ratio (the x value in CFx) of CFx have significant effects on the electrochemical performance of aqueous Zn/CFx batteries. Specifically, CF0.85 exhibits excellent electrochemical property with delivering a remarkable discharge capacity of 503 mA h g-1 and energy density of 388 W h kg-1 (at a current rate of 30 mA g-1 under temperature of 25 °C), much better than several other CFx electrode with F/C ratio of 0.70, 0.95, and 1.10, respectively. Besides, it also exhibits decent temperature performance with discharge capacities of 550 mA h g-1 at 50 °C and 460 mA h g-1 at 0 °C under current density of 30 mA g-1. Furthermore, the electrochemical discharge mechanism based on conversion reaction was further uncovered by applying XPS, XRD, SEM and EDS elemental analysis characterization techniques. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the potential application value of CFx in aqueous zinc primary batteries.

A modification engineering to form two kinds of truncated octahedrons by in situ LaBO3 coating for high-performance LiMn2O4 cathode material

Rapid capacity fade of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode material limits the application of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, the introduction of La/B elements achieves the dual-modification of surface coating and single-crystal truncated morphology, ensuring the compatibility of rate capability and cycling stability. The La and B introduction enables the in situ formation of LaBO3 coating layer. Both the LaBO3 coating and truncated morphology prevent the direct exposure of the cathode to the electrolyte, decreasing the Mn dissolution and providing the additional Li+ diffusion channels. The increase of La and B modification partially restrains the development of {110} crystal planes. The refinement manifests that the La3+/B3+ doping partially replaces Mn3+ of the LiMn2O4, inhibiting the Jahn-Teller effect and stabilizing the [MnO6] skeleton. Consequently, the optimized LiMn2O4@0.04LaBO3 with the favorable LaBO3 coating thickness and two truncated octahedrons exhibits the excellent electrochemical properties at high current rate. The first discharge capacities of 109.1, 104.2 and 96.9 mAh⋅g−1 are obtained, whilst the capacity retentions of 64.8 % (after 2000 cycles), 65.8 % (after 2000 cycles) and 80.5 % (after 1000 cycles) can be maintained at 5 C, 10 C and 20 C, respectively. Even at 5 C and 55 °C, the high initial discharge capacity of 113.6 mAh⋅g−1 and good cycling lifespans can be achieved. This modification strategy provides valuable insight for preparing the advanced LiMn2O4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Fenton Reaction Doubled Biomass Carbon Activation Efficiency for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

AbstractThe huge consumption of alkali during biomass‐derived porous carbon production leads to pollution and high carbon‐emission. This study employs the concept of Fenton chemistry to achieve hierarchical porous biomass carbon materials with a remarkably high specific surface area of 3440 m2 g−1 with double activation efficiency compared to traditional activation process. The optimized carbon electrode demonstrates exceptional specific capacitance of 425.2 F g−1at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and great rate performance (286.1 F g−1 at 100 A g−1) in 6 m KOH electrolyte. The enabled supercapacitor demonstrates remarkable cycling stability, retaining up to 99.74% of its initial capacitance after undergoing 20 000 charge–discharge cycles. In addition, the electrolyte ion distribution in different pore structures is simulated using Molecular Dynamics, which confirms that the structure is conducive to the rapid diffusion of ions, thus matching the excellent electrochemical properties. The assembled symmetric supercapacitors achieve a maximum energy density of 42.1 Wh kg−1 (12.1 Wh kg−1 based on cell stack mass) in TEABF4/AN electrolyte. This work presents an effective technique for the formation of porous structures from biomass precursors. The novel methodology can be applied to many other similar systems for energy storage and beyond.

Effect of pyridine group in dithienyl pyrrole chain on electrochemical and spectrochemical properties: An excellent electrochromic polymer

In the present research, a novel high-performance polymeric electrochromic materials consisting of pyridine with the ditihenyl pyrrole derivative (SNS) was achieved by the Paal-Knorr reaction, and its conjugated homopolymer, pTPN, and copolymer with EDOT were obtained in the medium of 0.1 M LiClO4/AN via electroanalytical methods. Although high electrochemical and spectrochemical properties were expected for the polymer chain in the copolymerization process involving the EDOT comonomer, for this study, the homopolymer was determined to have exhibited excellent electrochemical properties even without the need for this process. The pTPN exhibited favorable kinetic properties, especially high optical contrast (87 %) and desired color efficiency (837.7 cm2 C−1). Compared to other SNS derivatives in the literature, the obtained polymer pTPN had the highest optical contrast and color efficiency. In conclusion, this study has supplied a new structural design for the electrochromic polymers that might be beneficial for understanding the dithienyl pyrrole conjugated polymers behaviors composed of the pyridine units.

Rational Design of a Graphene Oxide–Coated Separator for Thermally and Mechanically Stable Li Metal Anode

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used in high-performance energy storage applications because of their high energy density. However, safety concerns related to thermal runaway remain a significant challenge for Li-ion batteries. Electrolyte leakage and dendrite formation can trigger thermal runaway, and these factors typically damage traditional polyethylene (PE) separators. Consequently, these separators struggle under extreme conditions and fail to control dendrite growth. In this study, we proposed a solution by coating PE separators with graphene oxide (GO) layers. GO, as a ceramic material, provides superior thermal and mechanical stability compared with polymers. Moreover, GO-coated PE separators (GO-S) do not compromise the advantages of PE separators and effectively manage dendrite growth. In this study, the as-prepared GO-S exhibits excellent electrochemical properties in terms of high ionic conductivity, suppression of Li dendrite growth during charge/discharge process, and long-term cyclability for 7,000 h (3,500 cycles) as well as high thermal stability even after heat treatment of 100°C. Thus, we expect that this research can highlight the potential application of functionalized GO sheets in addressing the thermal and mechanical limitations of polymer-based separators, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of Li-ion batteries.

Iron-involved zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 derived Co/Fe-NC as enhanced ORR catalyst in air–cathode microbial fuel cell

Microbial fuel cell (MFC), simultaneously degrading organic pollutants and harvesting electricity, suffers from a sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on cathode. The catalysts for Pt substitution are crucial to enhance the ORR performance and power output. Thus, a Co and Fe co-doped carbon derived from ZIF-67 (Co/Fe-NC) is prepared, which is proved to have excellent electrochemical properties. When the catalyst Co/Fe-NC is equipped in microbial fuel cell, the maximum power density of 1831 ± 57 mW m−2 is achieved, which is 13.5 % higher than that of Fe@Co-NC and 49.3 % higher than that of Co-NC. Moreover, the electrochemical tests show that Co/Fe-NC has a smaller charge transfer resistance and a higher exchange current density, which implies the faster kinetics of ORR. The enhanced performance of Co/Fe-NC can be attributed to the rougher rhombic dodecahedral interface, larger surface area, various types of nitrogen species, critical roles of cobalt and iron species, both high graphitization and defects. All these characteristics are responsible for the significant increase in ORR activity and power output. This work designs and compares different catalysts derived from iron-involved ZIF-67, and demonstrates a superior ORR electrocatalyst of Co/Fe-NC, which can be a potential alternative to Pt in the MFC practical application.

Interface Engineering of MOF-Derived Co3O4@CNT and CoS2@CNT Anodes with Long Cycle Life and High-Rate Properties in Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Metal-organic framework materials can be converted into carbon-based nanoporous materials by pyrolysis, which have a wide range of applications in energy storage. Here, we design special interface engineering to combine the carbon skeleton and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the transition metal compounds (TMCs) well, which mitigates the bulk effect of the TMCs and improves the conductivity of the electrodes. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 is used as a precursor to form a carbon skeleton and a large number of nitrogen-doped CNTs by pyrolysis followed by the in situ formation of Co3O4 and CoS2, and finally, Co3O4@CNTs and CoS2@CNTs are synthesized. The obtained anode electrodes exhibit a long cycle life and high-rate properties. In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), Co3O4@CNTs have a high capacity of 581 mAh g-1 at a high current of 5 A g-1, and their reversible capacity is still 1037.6 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 1 A g-1. In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), CoS2@CNTs have a capacity of 859.9 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and can be retained at 801.2 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles. The unique interface engineering and excellent electrochemical properties make them ideal anode materials for high-rate, long-life LIBs and SIBs.

Cellulose nanofibril separator from Coffea arabica waste for supercapacitor applications

Biomass derived cellulose-based separators has gained popularity in the field of supercapacitors as they are highly capable of preventing short circuiting due to their increased mesoporous nature and these membranes are found to perform well with excellent electrochemical properties. In our research work, we have adopted the 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and developed an innovative cellulose membrane by employing coffee pulp as raw material. The prepared biopolymer separator explicitly showed a necessary porosity of 55% with uniformly distributed pores which facilitates the movement of ions easily without any obstruction. It also showed a high thermal stability at low thermal degradation temperature of 321 ℃ and an increased uptake of electrolyte about 266% with a voluminous value of 3 mS cm−1 for ionic conductivity. These separators are found to be environmentally friendly and they could be processed at minimal cost. When comparing our separators with the commercially available separators our cellulose separators are found to perform well and this is proved through the obtained results and we suggest that it could be an excellent alternative to celgard separator in the field of supercapacitor applications.

An immune sandwich electrochemical biosensor based on triple-modified zirconium derivatives for detection of CD146 in serum

CD146, also known as melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), is overexpressed in various cancer patients, making it a valuable predictor for early diagnosis. In this work, an immune sandwich electrochemical biosensor is proposed for sensitive and non-invasive quantitative detection of CD146 in serum. Zirconium-based MOF (UIO-66) was modified by simultaneous copper atom doping, in situ growth carbon-based support and physical embedding of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). Triple-modified Cu-UIO-66@SWCNT/PtNPs nanocomposites with high stability and excellent electrochemical properties, serve as surface modification materials for glassy carbon electrodes. Anti-CD146 antibody (Ab1) was grafted onto the electrode surface via Pt-S bond. Meanwhile, the secondary antibody (Ab2) was conjugated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to cooperate for CD146 capture and achieve secondary electrical signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, square wave voltammetry was employed to determine CD146 in the concentration range of 10−9–10−4 mg/mL and a limit of detection of 12 fg/mL was obtained. Finally, it was successfully applied to the analysis of CD146 in lung and liver cancer patients’ serum samples.

A battery-type cathode with RuO2 modified Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 for asymmetric supercapacitors

Phosphates are a kind of promising electrode materials because they can provide numerous cavities and several reaction sites to be favored for storing anions and cations. However, the widespread application of phosphates are limited by their intrinsically low electronic conductivity. RuO2/hydrated RuO2 exhibits high conductivity and excellent electrochemical properties. Reducing its dosage and increasing its specific surface area are the research concerns. Combining less RuO2 to Nickel phosphate (NiP) is expected to improve the electrochemical performance. RuO2-modified NiP (NiP-RuO2) electrode material is synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal reaction and its structural morphology and capacitive properties are investigated. The results indicate that NiP-RuO2 electrode consists of hydrated RuO2 and Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6, and exhibits excellent battery-type electrochemical supercapacitor performance with a specific capacity of 878.06 C/g at 1 A/g. According to density functional theory (DFT) analysis, Ru-doped Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 has a narrower forbidden band width and higher conductivity than Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled by NiP-RuO2/NF and activated carbon (AC) electrode achieves a high energy density (43.58 Wh/kg) at a power density of 923.47 W/kg. When two ASC devices are connected in series, ten light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be illuminated for ten minutes.