Excellent Condition Research Articles

Atracurium Versus Cis-Atracurium for Laryngeal Relaxation and Hemodynamic Stability in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study.

Background and aim Equipotent dose of atracurium and cis-atracurium has failed to show clinically equi-effective muscle relaxation actions required for laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation (LETI) in adults. There needs to be more data on children. We aimed to compare the efficacy of equipotent atracurium and cis-atracurium for producing optimal LETI. We also compared the hemodynamic stability and side effects. Methods With approvals and informed consent, 104 children between three and 12 years were enrolled in the present randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm study. Fifty-two participants were recruited in each group and received either 2ED95 atracurium (0.5mg/kg) or 2ED95 cis-atracurium (0.1mg/kg). Three-point scale, i.e., excellent, good, and poor, were assigned based on jaw relaxation, vocal cords, diaphragmatic movement, coughing, and resistance to the laryngoscope blade. Basic hemodynamics and adverse events like flushing, hemodynamic instability, and airway spasms were noted. The groups were compared using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests as applicable; a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results Entire enrolled participants completed the study. Excellent LETI conditions were significantly higher in the atracurium than in cis-atracurium (53.8% versus 19.2%, p-value <0.001). In the present study, blunted laryngoscopy-related sympathetic surge containing the increase in hemodynamic parameters within 20% from the baseline was noted in both groups, but the blunting and fall back of hemodynamic towards the baseline was rapid in the atracurium (within 7 minutes of LETI) group than cis-atracurium, i.e., 72 minutes; p-value <0.001. Only one flushing was noted in the atracurium group compared to none in the cis-atracurium. Conclusion 2ED95 dose of cis-atracurium (0.1mg/kg), although have minor advantages of maintaining hemodynamic better, has lower adverse events, it provides significantly lower 'Excellent LETI conditions' when compared to 2ED95 dose of atracurium (0.5mg/kg) in children of age three to 12 years.

Pathways between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction in adolescents with eating disorders: Anetwork analysis.

This study explored the association between Childhood maltreatment (CM) experiences and life satisfaction in adolescents with eating disorders (EDs). Adolescent inpatients with EDs completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 at admission (n=361) and discharge (n=354). A network analysis was conducted to identify the shortest pathways between different types of CM and life satisfaction at admission and discharge. General psychopathology, life satisfaction, and ED symptoms improved from admission to discharge. At admission, emotional abuse and emotional neglect were included in the pathway between sexual/physical abuse and life satisfaction. Emotional neglect was directly connected with life satisfaction while emotional abuse was connected through feeling disliked by others, feelings of inferiority and worthlessness. At discharge, only the direct negative connection between emotional neglect and perception of excellent conditions in the life persisted. Emotional maltreatment experiences and general psychopathology, but not disordered eating symptoms, are involved in the association between sexual/physical CM and life satisfaction in adolescents with EDs. Emotional neglect may affect life satisfaction regardless of symptoms severity. These findings inform clinicians for assessment and treatment of maltreated adolescents with EDs.

Efficient Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) Enabled by Cu‐PMo12 towards the Synthesis of Pyrimidinyl Carbamates at Room Temperature

AbstractA novel and efficient approach has been developed for the direct synthesis of pyrimidinyl dimethylcarbamate using Cu‐PMo12 complex. Basically, Cu‐PMA catalyst successfully enabled the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction between N‐benzoyl cytosine and formamides in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and triethyl amine. Herein, Cu(I/II) catalytic system facilitated the oxidative coupling of the carbamide function, generating a new C−O bond and has been identified as more efficient compared to other commercially available Cu (I) or Cu (II) salts. Furthermore, the characterization of the catalyst was performed by XPS, SEM and EDX analysis. The present method also demonstrates a simple procedure with least catalyst loading, a wide variety of substrates with excellent functional group compatibility, high yields, ambient conditions, and operational simplicity.

Back to the Future: “De-Transition” to Low-Car Cities

Current urban mobility systems in Europe, characterized by high car mobility shares, have negative environmental and health impacts but struggle to mitigate these for fear of sacrificing accessibility. Ironically, before the car mobility transition (in the 1950s and 1960s in Western countries and the 1990s in Eastern Europe), most cities were accessible by walking, cycling, public transport, and by the few cars there were. Through a longitudinal case study of a medium-sized urban area in Clermont-Ferrand, France (1950–2022), this paper explores the potential to ‘de-transition’, i.e., to reverse the urban transition process towards ‘accessible, low-car cities’ by reshaping infrastructures to constrain car use whilst accommodating walking, cycling, and public transport. We answer the following questions: To what extent can cities reverse the urban car mobility transition? How could such a process be further encouraged? Our analysis adopts a social practices perspective and uses a mixed-methods approach by combining semi-structured interviews, a survey, and a document analysis. On the one hand, our findings highlight the difficulty of an urban modality shift to car alternatives: (1) the limited reach of public transformation networks (in Clermont-Ferrand, the tramline); (2) the fact that many feel unsafe or assume they need excellent health conditions to cycle, which is associated with leisure and sports; and (3) strong convictions concerning the usefulness of vehicle ownership, which is believed to maximise comfort. On the other hand, based on a historic analysis, we offer practical recommendations to de-transition to low-car urban areas: (1) the creation of an extensive regional tramway network; (2) the development of a full cycling network; and (3) the promotion of an extensive car-free city centre.

Optimizing the xWORM assay for monitoring hookworm larvae motility

Parasitic worms (helminths) infect almost all taxa across the animal kingdom, and pose significant challenges to public health and economies, particularly in developing countries. To address this problem, researchers have developed various tools to measure the motility and viability of helminths. However, the conditions used in anthelmintic screening assays are often not optimized, and can vary considerably between research teams. These unoptimized conditions may impact novel drug screens, as little is known about the effects of different conditions on the health of the target parasites. To improve future research, this study determined the effects of key assay parameters including, media type, media concentration, in-well parasite density, and assay duration on the infective third-stage larva (L3) of two types of hookworms, namely Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rodents, and Necator americanus in humans. Conditions were screened over several days using the xCELLigence worm real-time motility assay (xWORM); a real-time impedance-based helminth motility assay using the xCELLigence system with 96-well microplates. While results varied depending on the species and media used, the study found that 500–1,000 L3/200-µL and a media concentration of 3.13–25% generally produced good to excellent assay conditions. The findings of this study can guide the future selection of xWORM assay parameters for novel drug trials involving these parasite species and serve as a suggested model for optimizing trial conditions for alternative parasite targets and assays.

Economic comparison of electric fuels for heavy duty mobility produced at excellent global sites - a 2035 scenario

The transformation of economies worldwide towards climate neutrality will require not only renewable electricity but also climate-neutral energy carriers such as hydrogen and its derivatives. The production cost of electric fuels (e-fuels) are to a large extent driven by the energy-intensive electrolytic water splitting. The option of producing e-fuels in highly industrialized countries, as Germany, competes with production at international locations, with excellent conditions for renewable energies and thus very low levelized cost of green hydrogen and its derivatives. In this paper, we examine the economic efficiency of various imported e-fuels that are under consideration in different scenarios for the year 2035: Fischer-Tropsch diesel, methanol, and hydrogen transported as cryogenic liquid or in form of liquid organic hydrogen carriers. We develop a mathematical model that covers the entire process chain, from the production of the e-fuels at various excellent locations worldwide to the energetic utilization of the fuels in a heavy duty vehicle. We find that the choice of production site has a major impact on the mobility cost using the respective fuels. Under the selected boundary conditions and assumptions, methanol, cryogenic hydrogen, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers are the most favourable options for all seven locations examined. Which e-fuel is cheapest varies with the production site. Especially in case of diesel, the levelized cost of electricity determined by the full load hours of the applied renewable energy source have a huge impact. An LOHC-based system is shown to be less dependent on electricity source compared to other technologies due to its comparatively low electricity consumption. The length of the transportation route and the price of the filling station infrastructure, however, increase mobility cost for LOHC and LH2.

Drinking water as a substantial source of toxic alkali, alkaline and heavy metals: Toxicity and their implications on human health

ObjectivesThe objective of the current study was to optimize a highly sensitive method utilizing microwave digestion and iCAP quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q ICP-MS) for the determination of toxic alkali, alkaline and heavy metals in drinking water, and their implications on human health. MethodsA highly sensitive method based on microwave digestion and iCAP Q ICP-MS have been applied for the determination of potential metals alkali (23Na), alkaline (24 Mg) and heavy metals (75As, 208Pb, 111Cd, 59Co, 66Zn and 63Cu) in drinking water of diverse brand and origin. ResultsThe system has provided excellent quality conditions, such as detection limit (DL, 0.007–0.296 µg/L), quantification limit (QL, 0.023–0.893 µg/L) and coefficient of determination (R2, 0.976–0.998) with recovery >99.95%. Amounts of metals in bottled drinking water (BDW) were ranged from not detected to 74847.15 µg/L, whereas, tap water (TW) constitutes 1.12 to 42776.89 µg/L. Average daily dose (ADD, 0.03–516.715 μg/kg/day), hazard quotient (HQ, 0.001–0.08 μg/kg/day) based on heavy metals oral reference dose, and cancer risk (CR, 0.45–244.67 μg/kg/day) based on heavy metals cancer slope factor were achieved for BDW. Nevertheless, ADD (0.03–1028.19 μg/kg/day), HQ (0.01–0.12 μg/kg/day) and CR (0.42–292.80 μg/kg/day) were obtained for TW. As a result, BDW produced lower toxicity values than TW (high risk). Additionally, BDW was found to be brand specific, particularly for international brands that contained zero or very low levels of metals. ConclusionsCurrent investigations have explored the possible impacts of progressively increasing consumption of drinking water, especially in Saudi Arabia. Up to the present time, the levels of potential heavy metal in such water pose predominantly higher toxicity values in TW. Besides, BDW was found to be the brand specific particularly the international brand which contained either zero or low level of metals. As a result, the results highlight the need for strict policies to address the threat of metals in public water.

Macro-meso-microporous titanium silicalite-1 catalyst featuring self-assembled nanocrystals and multiple active species for propylene epoxidation

Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) is an important catalyst for many oxidation reactions. Catalytically active titanium species with favourable particle morphology and pore structure to support diffusion are vital to the performance of this catalyst. Herein, by growing TS-1 nanocrystals on solid silicalite-1 cores followed by hollowing both the cores and TS-1 nanocrystals, a macro-meso-microporous (3 M) structured 3 M−TS−1(ML) catalyst was produced using only a solo template, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide. This catalyst demonstrates superior catalytic performance for propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide, and contains only catalytically active Ti(OH)(OSi)3, Ti(OH)2(OSi)3 and Ti(OH)4(OSi)2 species and is free from inactive Ti species such as anatase-TiO2. Through rationally designed comparative evaluations, this work shows that the high catalytic activity of 3 M−TS−1(ML) is the results of both having excellent diffusion conditions from its unique 3-tiered pore structure and containing high activity Ti species such as Ti(OH)4(OSi)2.

Euclid preparation

The Euclid mission will conduct an extragalactic survey over 15 000 deg2 of the extragalactic sky. The spectroscopic channel of the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) has a resolution of R ~ 450 for its blue and red grisms that collectively cover the 0.93–1.89 µm range. NISP will obtain spectroscopic redshifts for 3 × 107 galaxies for the experiments on galaxy clustering, baryonic acoustic oscillations, and redshift space distortion. The wavelength calibration must be accurate within 5 Å to avoid systematics in the redshifts and downstream cosmological parameters. The NISP pre-flight dispersion laws for the grisms were obtained on the ground using a Fabry-Perot etalon. Launch vibrations, zero gravity conditions, and thermal stabilisation may alter these dispersion laws, requiring an in-flight recalibration. To this end, we use the emission lines in the spectra of compact planetary nebulae (PNe), which were selected from a PN database. To ensure completeness of the PN sample, we developed a novel technique to identify compact and strong line emitters in Gaia spectroscopic data using the Gaia spectra shape coefficients. We obtained VLT/X-shooter spectra from 0.3 to 2.5 µm for 19 PNe in excellent seeing conditions and a wide slit, mimicking Euclid’s slitless spectroscopy mode but with a ten times higher spectral resolution. Additional observations of one northern PN were obtained in the 0.80–1.90 µm range with the GMOS and GNIRS instruments at the Gemini North Observatory. The collected spectra were combined into an atlas of heliocentric vacuum wavelengths with a joint statistical and systematic accuracy of 0.1 Å in the optical and 0.3 Å in the near-infrared. The wavelength atlas and the related 1D and 2D spectra are made publicly available.

Study on the mechanism of water-induced degradation of slip zone soils and FDEM coupled simulation of slopes based on multi-scale characteristic

The evolution of the mechanical properties of slip zone soils had a greater impact on the structure of soil slopes with large upper porosity and excellent infiltration conditions. Especially under the rainfall effect, it was easy to be affected by the infiltration effect of internal injury, which will lay a ‘hidden danger’ for the slope body to trigger sliding in the secondary transformation process. In this paper, based on Haijiao ping landslide in Guizhou, SEM image recognition techniques were used to reveal the water-induced degradation mechanism of the sliding zone soil from multiple scales and the damage parameters were obtained. Meanwhile, the FDEM numerical model was established to simulate the stability of the slope coupled with indoor TCT test results. The results proved that the angle of internal friction decreased linearly with the increase of water content on the macroscopic scale, but the cohesive force showed an increase and then a significant decrease. The effect of matrix suction in the microscopic scale was significant at lower water content, the internal cohesion formed a large number of agglomerate structures to resist external deformation, but the microstructure was loose and porous after sufficient water immersion. The pore space spreads directionally and the area increases by 2.66 times. The cross-scale discrete-finite element coupled simulation method based on image recognition can visually respond to the macroscopic mechanical properties and stability change response of the slope body caused by microscopic damage. The water-induced degradation effect of rainfall on slip zone soils was the inherent factors for the initiation deformation of landslide. The artificial excavation was the external factor that triggered the slope to slide. This type of landslide was more concealed in its natural state and prone to deformation when excavated after long-term rainfall.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo from Spinacia Oleracea Leaves, Ipomoea Batatas Extracts

Abstract: The current aimed to formulate herbal shampoo and to evaluate the various property of herbal shampoos. The herbal shampoo was formulated by adding the extracts of Spinacia Oleracea leaves, Ipomoea batatas roots, Acacia concinna, Sapindus Indica, Cymbopogon citrus in different proportions to a 100 ml. Small amount of gelatin and citric acid were also added for viscosity and pH respectively. Several tests such as visual inspection, pH, dirt dispersion, rheological evaluation and skin irritation test etc, were performed to determine the physicochemical properties of prepared shampoos. The formulated herbal shampoo was clear and appealing. It showed good cleansing and detergency and good foam stability. The results indicated the formulated shampoo is having excellent conditioning performance, similar to commercially available shampoo. However, further research and development is required to improve its quality and safety.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal-Spirulina Based Conditioning and Antioxidant Shampoo

Herbal shampoos are cosmetics made up of traditional ayurvedic herbs used for cleaning the hair, and scalp as that regular shampoo. The aim of the present study is to formulate a polyherbal-spirulina based conditioning and antioxidant shampoo and to assess its physiochemical function that emphasizes safety, efficacy, elimination of harmful chemical ingredients, and substitution with safe natural ingredients in different proportions. Evaluation of physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and toxicity analysis of herbal and spirulina based shampoo done based on parameters of physicochemical properties such as visual inspection, pH, wetting time, % of solid contents, foam volume, and stability, dirt dispersion, and conditioning performance was performed. The formulated shampoo was clear, attractive, and appealing. It showed good cleansing and detergency, good foam stability, and excellent conditioning performance.

Internal Organization Analysis Of Unilever

The outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020 has brought downturn to the global economy and many companies went bankrupt during the epidemic. However, according to Unilever's financial report for the first half year, its sales fell only by 1.6% and its financial situation is still stable. The reason for it is not only for Unilever's action of taking Covid-19 as normalization, but also for its differentiation strategies, which make Unilever a competitive enterprise when the consumer products are in demand in Covid-19. Through the literature research method, this article uses the combination of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and PEST (political, economic, social and technological factors) models to explore the internal and external environments of Unilever in 2020, and concludes that under the multiple impacts of the external environment, Unilever still has great opportunities to make development relying on its own excellent internal conditions.

Changing temporal and spatial patterns of methane emission from rivers by reservoir dams: a review.

Dams built on rivers can bring economic benefits to local production and are considered to be environmentally friendly. However, in recent years, many researchers found that the establishment of dams has created excellent conditions for the production of methane (CH4) in rivers, making it change from a "weak source" of rivers to a "strong source" of dams. In particular, reservoir dams have a great impact on CH4 emission in rivers within their regions in terms of time and space. Spatially, the sedimentary layer and water level fluctuation zone of reservoirs are the main direct and indirect causes of CH4 production. Temporally, the synergetic effect between water level adjustment of the reservoir dam and environmental factors leads to large changes in the substances of the water body, impacts on the production and transport of CH4. Finally, the generated CH4 is emitted into the atmosphere through several important emission modes: molecular diffusion, bubbling, and degassing. The contribution of CH4 emitted from reservoir dams to the global greenhouse effect cannot be ignored.

Evaluation of groundwater in aluminium slag disposal area

Aluminium slag waste is a residue from aluminium recycling activities, classified as hazardous waste so its disposal into the environment without processing can cause environmental problems, including groundwater pollution. There are 90 illegal dumping areas for aluminium slag waste spread in the Sumobito District, Jombang Regency. This study aims to evaluate the quality of shallow groundwater surrounding aluminium slag disposal in the Sumobito District for drinking water. The methods applied an integrated water quality index ( WQI) and heavy metal pollution index ( HPI), multivariate analysis (principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA)), and geospatial analysis for assessing groundwater quality. The field campaign conducted 40 groundwater samples of the dug wells for measuring the groundwater level and 30 of them were analysed for the chemical contents. The results showed that some locations exceeded the quality standards for total dissolved solids ( TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and Al 2+. The WQI shows that 7% of dug well samples are in poor drinking water condition, 73% are in good condition, and 20% are in excellent condition. The level of heavy metal contamination based on HPI is below the standard limit, but 13.3% of the water samples are classified as high contamination. The multivariate analysis shows that anthropogenic factors and natural sources/geogenic factors contributed to shallow groundwater quality in the study area. The geospatial map shows that the distribution of poor groundwater quality is in the northern area, following the direction of groundwater flow, and is a downstream area of aluminium slag waste contaminants.

A Study of the Clinical Effects of Sequential Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgeries.

In orthopedic surgeries, there has been an increase in the usage of the neuraxial blockade to provide excellent surgical conditions and prolonged postoperative analgesia. The introduction of the sequential combined spinal epidural anesthesia (SCSEA) technique provides benefits for both spinal anesthesia (SA) and epiduralanesthesia. The focus of this study was to analyze the time needed to attain a desired level of sensory block, to compare the period of sensory block, and to study the intraoperative hemodynamics in the SCSEA and SA groups. The study was conducted on patients admitted for elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries. The sample size for this prospective randomized study is two groups of 67 subjects each. Patients aged between 18 and 65 years, posted for orthopedic surgeries for two to three hours, and of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Grades 1 and 2 were included and divided into two groups. Group A patients received SCSEA with an epidural-test dose of 3 ml lignocaine (2%) with adrenaline and spinal bupivacaine (0.5%) of 1.5 ml-7.5 mg + fentanyl .25 mic if the sensory level was below T8. An epidural top-up was given with 2 ml per segment of 0.5% bupivacaine to bring the sensory level to T8. Group B patients received SA with spinal bupivacaine (0.5%) of 3 ml-15 mg + fentanyl .25 mic. Intraoperative hemodynamics, the duration to achieve a sensory level of T8, the time for two-segment regression of sensory block, and the complications that occurred were recorded. The study included a total of 134 subjects with each group having 67 subjects admitted for lower limb surgery. The mean value (SD) of the time taken to attain sensory block in the SCSEA group was prolonged when compared to the SA group (7.15 ± 0.75 and 5.01 ± 0.88). The time for two-segment regression in the SCSEA group was 86.77 ± 3.60and the SA group was 106.4 ± 8.01, which indicated that the SA group has a longer and better sensory block. Substantially, the study shows that the SCSEA group (P< 0.05) has better hemodynamics when compared to the SA group. The SCSEA technique has better intraoperative hemodynamic stability with a longer analgesic effect when compared to SA. SA shows a sudden change in hemodynamics but reveals a greatersensory block.

Materials Optimization and Service Performance Evaluation of a Novel Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Structure: A Case Study

Although the double-layer pavement structure with a top layer of stone mastic asphalt concrete (SMAC) and a bottom layer of epoxy asphalt concrete (EAC) has been confirmed to have excellent overall performance in the laboratory, there is a lack of comparison and verification in practical projects. Hence, the utilization of the SMAC + EAC structure in this steel bridge deck pavement (SBDP) practical project and the clarification of its service performance are of significant importance for facilitating the promotion and application of this novel structure. This study relied on an SBDP reconstruction project in Ningbo, China. Indoor performance tests were used to determine the appropriate material compositions for SMAC and EAC. Subsequently, both ERS and SMAC + EAC pavement structures were paved in the project, and the service conditions of the different pavements after one year of operation were tested and compared. The results indicated that the epoxy SBS asphalt (ESA) binder prepared by substituting SBS-modified asphalt binder for the base binder, exhibited improved mechanical strength and toughness. The variation of modifier content significantly affected the high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and moisture damage resistance of epoxy SBS asphalt concrete (ESAC) and high-viscosity SBS asphalt concrete (HSAC), while the gradation mainly influenced the skid resistance. The optimal contents of modifiers in ESA and HAS binders were finalized at 45 wt% and 11 wt%. After one year of operation on the trial road, the pavement performance of the SMAC + EAC structure had significant advantages over the ERS system, with all lanes having an SBDP quality index (SDPQI) above 90 and an excellent service condition. The successful application of the SMAC + EAC structure validated its applicability and feasibility in SBDP, which provided strong evidence for the further promotion of this structure.

DIPG-like MYB-altered diffuse astrocytoma with durable response to intensive chemotherapy.

Pontine gliomas represent difficult to treat entity due to the location and heterogeneous biology varying from indolent low-grade gliomas to aggressive diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Making the correct tumor diagnosis in the pontine location is thus critical. Here, we report a case study of a 14-month-old patient initially diagnosed as histone H3 wild-type DIPG. Due to the low age of the patient, the MRI appearance of DIPG, and anaplastic astrocytoma histology, intensive chemotherapy based on the HIT-SKK protocol with vinblastine maintenance chemotherapy was administered. Rapid clinical improvement and radiological regression of the tumor were observed with nearly complete remission with durable effect and excellent clinical condition more than 6.5years after diagnosis. Based on this unexpected therapeutic outcome, genome-wide DNA methylation array was employed and the sample was classified into the methylation class "Low-grade glioma, MYB(L1) altered." Additionally, RT-PCR revealed the presence of MYB::QKI fusion. Taken together, the histopathological classification, molecular-genetic and epigenetic features, clinical behavior, and pontine location have led us to reclassify the tumor as a pontine MYB-altered glioma. Our case demonstrates that more intensive chemotherapy can achieve long-term clinical effect in the treatment of MYB-altered pontine gliomas compared to previously used LGG-based regimens or radiotherapy. It also emphasizes the importance of a biopsy and a thorough molecular investigation of pontine lesions.

New Challenges and Prospective Applications of Three-Dimensional Bioactive Polymeric Hydrogels in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review.

Regenerative medicine, and dentistry offers enormous potential for enhancing treatment results and has been fueled by bioengineering breakthroughs over the previous few decades. Bioengineered tissues and constructing functional structures capable of healing, maintaining, and regenerating damaged tissues and organs have had a broad influence on medicine and dentistry. Approaches for combining bioinspired materials, cells, and therapeutic chemicals are critical in stimulating tissue regeneration or as medicinal systems. Because of its capacity to maintain an unique 3D form, offer physical stability for the cells in produced tissues, and replicate the native tissues, hydrogels have been utilized as one of the most frequent tissue engineering scaffolds during the last twenty years. Hydrogels' high water content can provide an excellent conditions for cell viability as well as an architecture that mimics real tissues, bone, and cartilage. Hydrogels have been used to enable cell immobilization and growth factor application. This paper summarizes the features, structure, synthesis and production methods, uses, new challenges, and future prospects of bioactive polymeric hydrogels in dental and osseous tissue engineering of clinical, exploring, systematical and scientific applications.

Measurement of quality of recovery using the postoperative quality of recovery scale (PQRS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective cohort pilot study

ObjectivesQuality of post-operative recovery is an essential end-point for evaluating anesthesia and surgery. Measures must incorporate patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction in addition to physiological indicators of recovery in order to fully assess the effects of anesthesia and surgery. This study is to explore the quality of recovery using the postoperative quality of recovery scale (PQRS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. MethodsThis is a single-center, prospective cohort pilot study. Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups: Group D with deep neuromuscular blockade and Group M with moderate neuromuscular blockade. After surgery, patients were assessed by using Post-operative Quality Recovery Scale (PQRS). Results60 patients in group D and 60 patients in group M were analyzed. The proportion of patients with excellent surgical conditions in group D was higher than in group M. In the recovery room, at 15 min and 40 min after endotracheal extubation, the recovery of the physiological domain in group D was significantly higher than in group M. In postoperative day 1, the overall recovery percentage was 78.3% in group D and 76.7% in group M. ConclusionThis is a pilot study showing that it is feasible and appropriate to use the postoperative quality of recovery scale (PQRS) in postoperative recovery assessment. Preliminary assessment of this result shows that anesthesia strategy with deep rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade-sugammadex reversal improved postoperative recovery versus the routine care with moderate neuromuscular block-neostigmine.