Examples Of Usage Research Articles

Pentamethine cyanine dyes with alkynyl group as perspective structure for conjugation with targeting moiety

We report a modified carbocyanine-based asymmetric fluorescent dye, suitable for the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, that possesses promising photochemical properties (Φfl = 0,49). As an example of usage of the new fluorophore, it was conjugated to a ligand targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), one of the widely utilized prostate cancer markers.

Utilization of, Perceptions on, and Intention to Use AI Chatbots Among Medical Students in China: National Cross-Sectional Study.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are poised to have a profound impact on medical education. Medical students, as early adopters of technology and future health care providers, play a crucial role in shaping the future of health care. However, little is known about the utilization of, perceptions on, and intention to use AI chatbots among medical students in China. This study aims to explore the utilization of, perceptions on, and intention to use generative AI chatbots among medical students in China, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. By conducting a national cross-sectional survey, we sought to identify the key determinants that influence medical students' acceptance of AI chatbots, thereby providing a basis for enhancing their integration into medical education. Understanding these factors is crucial for educators, policy makers, and technology developers to design and implement effective AI-driven educational tools that align with the needs and expectations of future health care professionals. A web-based electronic survey questionnaire was developed and distributed via social media to medical students across the country. The UTAUT was used as a theoretical framework to design the questionnaire and analyze the data. The relationship between behavioral intention to use AI chatbots and UTAUT predictors was examined using multivariable regression. A total of 693 participants were from 57 universities covering 21 provinces or municipalities in China. Only a minority (199/693, 28.72%) reported using AI chatbots for studying, with ChatGPT (129/693, 18.61%) being the most commonly used. Most of the participants used AI chatbots for quickly obtaining medical information and knowledge (631/693, 91.05%) and increasing learning efficiency (594/693, 85.71%). Utilization behavior, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived risk, and personal innovativeness showed significant positive associations with the behavioral intention to use AI chatbots (all P values were <.05). Chinese medical students hold positive perceptions toward and high intentions to use AI chatbots, but there are gaps between intention and actual adoption. This highlights the need for strategies to improve access, training, and support and provide peer usage examples to fully harness the potential benefits of chatbot technology.

Ego Involvement and the Law of Exercise: Memorization as a Function of Ego Involvement in Folklore Scholarship and Anthropology

The article is a component in my “Folkloric Behavior”, a total innovation within my “Folkloric Behavior” (1967), which introduced a theoretical system for analyzing a folkloric phenomenon in a cognitive verifiable context. The universal psychosocial principles constituting the system were applied to a real (live) community: the ethnic Arabs living in Brooklyn, N.Y., USA, with particular emphasis on the Egyptian component. This approach stood in sharp contrast to the dominant Freudian psychoanalytic and Jungian analytical psychology theories that dominate this field. Terms, concepts, and processes offered in this innovative work are currently being used—often in isolation of their academic home and systemic links-- in various folklore fields. Examples of current usage are: “ego-involvement”, “learning process”, “extinction”, “motivation”, “intervening stimuli/cues [(re-presented as) “negotiations”, etc.). Ironically, my founding work on “Folkloric Behavior” is hardly ever evaluated or even mentioned. It would be useful to afford students of folk traditions and other readers the benefits of research objectivity of tracking the temporal sequence in which these key issues appeared in folklore scholarship. This step would be required for also establishing the history of ideas in a discipline.

An exploratory study on the usage of quantum programming languages

As in the classical computing realm, quantum programming languages in quantum computing allow one to instruct a quantum computer to perform certain tasks. In the last 25 years, many imperative, functional, and multi-paradigm quantum programming languages with different features and goals have been developed. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated who uses quantum languages, how practitioners learn a quantum language, how experience are practitioners with quantum languages, what is the most used quantum languages, in which context practitioners use quantum languages, what are the challenges faced by quantum practitioners while using quantum languages, are program written with quantum languages tested, and what are quantum practitioners' perspectives on the variety of quantum languages and the potential need for new languages. In this paper, we first conduct a systematic survey to find and collect all quantum languages proposed in the literature and/or by organizations. Secondly, we identify and describe 37 quantum languages. Thirdly, we survey 251 quantum practitioners to answer several research questions about their quantum language usage. Fourthly, we conclude that (i) 58.2% of all practitioners are 25–44 years old, 63.0% have a master's or doctoral degree, and 86.2% have more than five years of experience using classical languages. (ii) 60.6% of practitioners learn quantum languages from the official documentation. (iii) Only 16.3% of practitioners have more than five years of experience with quantum languages. (iv) Qiskit (Python) is the most used quantum language, followed by Cirq (Python) and QDK (Q#). (v) 42.8% use quantum languages for research. (vi) Lack of documentation and usage examples are practitioners' most challenging issues. Practitioners prefer open-source quantum languages with an easy-to-learn syntax (e.g., based on an existing classical language), available documentation and examples, and an active community. (vii) 76.4% of all participants test their quantum programs, and 42.6% test them automatically. (viii) A standard quantum language, perhaps high-level language, for quantum computation could accelerate the development of quantum programs. Finally, we present a set of suggestions for developers and researchers on the development of new quantum languages or enhancement of existing ones.

Designing tungsten armoured plasma facing components to pulsed heat loads in magnetic fusion machines

A possible design rule for preventing surface damage from thermal transients to solid tungsten armour is proposed and formulated for the plasma facing components (divertor, first wall) of magnetic fusion machines. The rule is based on combined results from laboratory experiments and operating fusion machines, and fundamental engineering principles such as the heat flux factor (FHF) and fatigue usage fraction (FUF). As an example, the rule would allow 2.104 transient heat loads cycles at a FHF of 10MJm-2s-½ before the lifetime is considered exhausted. The formulation of the rule using engineering principles allows combining loads of different magnitudes and various number of cycles. A practical example of the rule usage is provided, illustrating loads combination and how the rule may contribute to the component geometrical design. The proposed rule is only valid for surface loading conditions, hence is not usable for volumetric loading conditions such as runaway electrons. Setting a budget lifetime and a design rule does not preclude actual plasma operation beyond the design lifetime. It is actually normal that experimental devices explore a larger domain than the one defined at the time of the design.

Analysis of the Saluni Santri Dictionary from Dr. Ali Al-Qasimy’s Perspective

The existence of the components of dictionary preparation that have been proposed by experts in the field can be used as a benchmark in assessing the ideal dictionary. This research aims to analyze the existence of the components in the Santri Saluni Dictionary by using Dr. Ali Al-Qasimy's perspective. The method used in this research is library research with descriptive characteristics. The results of the study found that the Santri Saluni Dictionary meets 16 of the 25 components proposed by Dr. Ali Al-Qasimy. These components are: a.) the initial part: the purpose of preparing the dictionary, the sources used, the background of the preparation, instructions for using the dictionary, grammar guidelines, the amount of material in the dictionary, the meaning of symbols, and also other information in the form of print and publisher info, and table of contents, b.) the main part: the font used, the column model, phonetic information, morphological information, semantic information, and examples of word usage, c.) the final part: table components, bibliography and brief information about the dictionary on the back cover.

Bin2cell reconstructs cells from high resolution Visium HD data.

Visium HD by 10X Genomics is the first commercially available platform capable of capturing full scale transcriptomic data paired with a reference morphology image from archived FFPE blocks at sub-cellular resolution. However, aggregation of capture regions to single cells poses challenges. Bin2cell reconstructs cells from the highest resolution data (2 μm bins) by leveraging morphology image segmentation and gene expression information. It is compatible with established Python single cell and spatial transcriptomics software, and operates efficiently in a matter of minutes without requiring a GPU. We demonstrate improvements in downstream analysis when using the reconstructed cells over default 8 μm bins on mouse brain and human colorectal cancer data. Bin2cell is available at https://github.com/Teichlab/bin2cell, along with documentation and usage examples, and can be installed from pip. Probe design functionality is available at https://github.com/Teichlab/gene2probe.

THEORETICAL INFLUENCES ON PHRASEOLOGY IN MODERN LINGUISTICS

The article discusses the specifics of the phraseology in English, the factors of formation, and the relation to literary language norms. It aims to interpret specification of simple verbal phrases, their formation reasons and their relationship to literary language norms. In article is also analyzed the theories of phraseology, using them in practical examples of everyday usage

HYPERTILING — a high performance Python library for the generation and visualization of hyperbolic lattices

HYPERTILING is a high-performance Python library for the generation and visualization of regular hyperbolic lattices embedded in the Poincaré disk model. Using highly optimized, efficient algorithms, hyperbolic tilings with millions of vertices can be created in a matter of minutes on a single workstation computer. Facilities including computation of adjacent vertices, dynamic lattice manipulation, refinements, as well as powerful plotting and animation capabilities are provided to support advanced uses of hyperbolic graphs. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive exploration of the package, encompassing its mathematical foundations, usage examples, applications, and a detailed description of its implementation.

Codebase release 1.3 for HYPERTILING

HYPERTILING is a high-performance Python library for the generation and visualization of regular hyperbolic lattices embedded in the Poincaré disk model. Using highly optimized, efficient algorithms, hyperbolic tilings with millions of vertices can be created in a matter of minutes on a single workstation computer. Facilities including computation of adjacent vertices, dynamic lattice manipulation, refinements, as well as powerful plotting and animation capabilities are provided to support advanced uses of hyperbolic graphs. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive exploration of the package, encompassing its mathematical foundations, usage examples, applications, and a detailed description of its implementation.

Lament and Hope: The Function and Utilization of the Metaphors in Psalm 80

In previous studies of Psalms, “metaphors” have often been seen as just ‘poetic ornaments’ rather than as essential elements for conveying messages. However, this study delves into the roles and functions of metaphors within a Psalm to emphasize its dominant theological message. Psalm 80 uses three metaphors—the shepherd, planter, and father—to express its message. These metaphors serve three main purposes. First, they intensify the Psalmist’s sense of lament by deviating from familiar expectations associated with these metaphors, such as ‘leading’, ‘caring for’, and ‘feeding’. Second, they highlight the paradox of lament and hope, as the shepherd and planter metaphors, used for lament, also convey hope for salvation and restoration. Third, the Psalmist intentionally uses these metaphors to articulate the development of Yahweh’s actions and his own self-awareness. An example of this intentional usage could be seen in the use of the father metaphor in 4th and 5th stanza. The functions and roles of these three-metaphors reveal the main theological message of Ps 80 by clarifying the identity of the speaker community as ‘son’.

Designing and prototyping extensions to the Message Passing Interface in MPICH

As HPC system architectures and the applications running on them continue to evolve, the MPI standard itself must evolve. The trend in current and future HPC systems toward powerful nodes with multiple CPU cores and multiple GPU accelerators makes efficient support for hybrid programming critical for applications to achieve high performance. However, the support for hybrid programming in the MPI standard has not kept up with recent trends. The MPICH implementation of MPI provides a platform for implementing and experimenting with new proposals and extensions to fill this gap and to gain valuable experience and feedback before the MPI Forum can consider them for standardization. In this work, we detail six extensions implemented in MPICH to increase MPI interoperability with other runtimes, with a specific focus on heterogeneous architectures. First, the extension to MPI generalized requests lets applications integrate asynchronous tasks into MPI’s progress engine. Second, the iovec extension to datatypes lets applications use MPI datatypes as a general-purpose data layout API beyond just MPI communications. Third, a new MPI object, MPIX_Stream, can be used by applications to identify execution contexts beyond MPI processes, including threads and GPU streams. MPIX stream communicators can be created to make existing MPI functions thread-aware and GPU-aware, thus providing applications with explicit ways to achieve higher performance. Fourth, MPIX Streams are extended to support the enqueue semantics for offloading MPI communications onto a GPU stream context. Fifth, thread communicators allow MPI communicators to be constructed with individual threads, thus providing a new level of interoperability between MPI and on-node runtimes such as OpenMP. Lastly, we present an extension to invoke MPI progress, which lets users spawn progress threads with fine-grained control to adapt the communication performance to their application designs. We describe the design and implementation of these extensions, provide usage examples, and highlight their expected benefits with performance results.

MAGPIE: An interactive tool for visualizing and analyzing protein-ligand interactions.

Quantitative tools to compile and analyze biomolecular interactions among chemically diverse binding partners would improve therapeutic design and aid in studying molecular evolution. Here we present Mapping Areas of Genetic Parsimony In Epitopes (MAGPIE), a publicly available software package for simultaneously visualizing and analyzing thousands of interactions between a single protein or small molecule ligand (the "target") and all of its protein binding partners ("binders"). MAGPIE generates an interactive three-dimensional visualization from a set of protein complex structures that share the target ligand, as well as sequence logo-style amino acid frequency graphs that show all the amino acids from the set of protein binders that interact with user-defined target ligand positions or chemical groups. MAGPIE highlights all the salt bridge and hydrogen bond interactions made by the target in the visualization and as separate amino acid frequency graphs. Finally, MAGPIE collates the most common target-binder interactions as a list of "hotspots," which can be used to analyze trends or guide the de novo design of protein binders. As an example of the utility of the program, we used MAGPIE to probe how different antibody fragments bind a viral antigen; how a common metabolite binds diverse protein partners; and how two ligands bind orthologs of a well-conserved glycolytic enzyme for a detailed understanding of evolutionarily conserved interactions involved in its activation and inhibition. MAGPIE is implemented in Python 3 and freely available at https://github.com/glasgowlab/MAGPIE, along with sample datasets, usage examples, and helper scripts to prepare input structures.

Movies as Tools for Enhancing ESL Learning: Insights into Students’ Emotions and Experiences

Numerous studies have reported that ESL students often struggle with poor motivation, low self-confidence, and high levels of anxiety. Watching movies has a strong potential to ignite these students’ interest in learning English, thereby enhancing their language learning journey. However, integrating movies into language learning is only effective if it positively impacts students’ anxiety, motivation and self-confidence. This study explores university students’ emotional factors along with their experiences to determine whether movies enhance their language learning. An online questionnaire via Google Forms was distributed to 76 participants, including 43 students from the LG241 program (Malay Language for Professional Communication) and 33 from the LG242 program (Arabic Language for Professional Communication) at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. Data were extracted and analysed using SPPS version 29 via descriptive statistics. Results showed that movies created a calm and non-intimidating learning atmosphere, fostering increased self-motivation and self-esteem while reducing anxiety. Students also reported improved language skills, as movies provided real-life examples of English usage and immersive learning environments. This study demonstrates that integrating movies into English lessons can improve students’ emotions and experiences, making language learning more effective. Collecting ESL students’ feedback on using movies for language learning helps educators identify areas for improvement. By incorporating students’ perspectives, educators can develop more effective teaching methods, ultimately enhancing the learning experience through unconventional means.

Practical object and flow structure segmentation using artificial intelligence

This paper explores integrating artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation models, particularly the Segment Anything Model (SAM), into fluid mechanics experiments. SAM’s architecture, comprising an image encoder, prompt encoder, and mask decoder, is investigated for its application in detecting and segmenting objects and flow structures. Additionally, we explore the integration of natural language prompts, such as BERT, to enhance SAM’s performance in segmenting specific objects. Through case studies, we found that SAM is robust in object detection in fluid experiments. However, segmentations related to flow properties, such as scalar turbulence and bubbly flows, require fine-tuning. To facilitate the application, we have established a repository (https://github.com/AliRKhojasteh/Flow_segmentation) where models and usage examples can be accessed.

Lexical-and-Semantic Field “New Sincerity”: Neologisms in Russian and Chinese Media Discourse

The ideographic description of new vocabulary and the linguistic units within the lexical-and-semantic field of the idiom new sincerity in particular, is being considered. It is noted that in addition to its cultural significance, this expression has also acquired two new meanings: marketing technology and communicative practice. It is precisely in these meanings that the idiom new sincerity is studied in this research. Using component, contextual, and interpretive methods of analysis, with the support of the ideographic dictionary compiled by one of the authors and examples of usage in media discourse texts, the vocabulary within the lexical-and-semantic field of “new sincerity” has been identified and described. Most of the linguistic units in this group have been established to be neologisms. The presented ideographic network has a frame structure and reflects the fragments of modern reality represented in the linguistic worldview by new vocabulary. The authors have identified 5 segments (slots) of the ideographic network: “new sincerity” as a tactic in internet communication, social-and-political communication, as a basis for uniting people, a form of expressing aggression, and as a communicative practice in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. Each segment includes a set of ideograms that unite lexical representatives – neologisms. It is noted that the expression new sincerity is not used in Chinese media texts. However, there has been an increasing interest in open expression of feelings and sharing personal stories by participants in modern Chinese shows, which corresponds to the practice of “new sincerity” in virtual and real life.

When electric vehicles bump into sharing economy: Consumer's variety seeking in the sustainable transportation

The development of electric vehicles incurs the consumer's variety seeking in the sharing economy. In addition to being passengers on the sharing platform, customers can rent electric vehicles from the rental company as ride-hailing drivers, rather than purchasing from the manufacturing firm. In this article, we set up a game-theoretic model to study the customer's variety-seeking behavior in the new frenemy partnership and solve the equilibrium pricing strategy and quality decision for the rental company and the sharing platform. The numerical experiments show that the rental company's price is less influenced by the valuation heterogeneity, but the sharing platform's price is the opposite. Given some real-world examples of product ownership and product usage in sustainable transportation, we discuss the consumer's variety seeking and the company/platform's pricing strategy from both the passenger and driver sides.

ГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ

The methods of processing multimedia and graphical information in operating systems are studied using the example of MCI, API and GDI interfaces of Windows operating system. The interfaces of GDI and GDI+ graphics devices are examined in detail. The capabilities and features of the OpenGL graphics library, which is commonly used in the Windows operating system, are presented. The principles of operation of the GDI interface are given. Three types of drawing tools supported by the context of the GDI interface are examined in detail: pen, brush and font. The stages of coordination of logical and physical coordinate systems are considered. The OpenGL library graphics elements (bits arrays, polygons, segments, polylines, etc.), as well as basic geometric objects and a set of polyhedra: cube, cone, torus, octahedron, icosahedron, dodecahedron and tetrahedron are considered. As an example of OpenGL library usage, a three-dimensional graphics editor was studied. It works with three-dimensional objects of various types and allows reproduction of an object in two modes (lines and a solid surface), as well as performance of following operations with a graphic object: deformation, rotation, transpositionong along axes, loading and saving on hard drive.

Designing information systems for business administration through human and computer interaction

AI is increasingly incorporated into business operations; it appears in every aspect of life. However, a strategy that can integrate human and machine interaction is required for long-term implementation. To identify characteristics that can enhance domain operations and interpersonal interactions. To elucidate these obstacles and underscore specific pivotal decisional considerations that necessitate resolution before the effective collaboration of cognitive machines and humans in delivering authentic financial services. This article utilizes the published framework to analyze a case study in retail banking to identify the necessary cognitive abilities, individually and collectively. Each of these capabilities provides usage examples and demonstrates how they comprise a unified deliberative architecture for human-robot interaction. Customer service is an area where this design could be advantageous. Experimental evidence indicates that explicit knowledge management at the geometric and symbolic levels facilitates the incorporation of human-level semantics into the deliberative system of the robot, thereby enhancing the quality and authenticity of human-robot interactions.

한·일 방송콘텐츠에 나타난 피동표현 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the usage patterns of passive expressions in Korean and Japanese, Although passive expressions are frequently used in both Korea and Japan, there is limited data comparing and analyzing passive expressions through corpora, and research on non-passive expressions is rare, hence the need for further investigation. Methods First, we collected and analyzed passive expressions from approximately 600,000 words of Korean and Japanese broadcast content. Second, we extracted and compared non-passive expressions in Korean and Japanese. Third, we elucidated differences and commonalities through the usage patterns and examples of passive and non-passive expressions in Korean and Japanese. Results Passive expressions found only in Korean total 424, with suffix passives being 254 or 60%, lexical passives 131 or 31%, and syntactic passives 39 or 9%. Next, passive expressions found only in Japanese consist of -れる form with 219 or 89%, and -られる form with 26 or 11%. Finally, passive expressions in both Korean and Japanese total 101, with suffix passives being 29 or 29%, lexical passives 68 or 67%, and syntactic passives 4 or 4%. Conclusions This study examined the usage patterns of passive expressions in Korean and Japanese using broadcast content from a Korean-Japanese parallel corpus. The reason why non-passive expressions in Japanese were frequently used when Korean was in passive form was because they were often substituted with intransitive verbs, particularly in suffix and syntactic passives. However, in mutual passive expressions, two-syllable Chinese characters were frequently observed in lexical passive expressions, which can be effectively utilized in passive education due to the characteristics of Chinese character usage. This study holds significance not only as foundational material for Japanese learners of Korean but also for Korean learners of Japanese