Example Of Residues Research Articles

Tomato Residue Management from a Biorefinery Perspective and towards a Circular Economy.

The tomato industry is a relevant socio-economic activity in the European Union, while it generates a large variety of residues. Tomatoes unfit for consumption, tomato peels, seeds, industrial pomace, and plants are examples of residues of this industry. Commonly, some of the residues can be left in the field, composted, used for animal feeding, or valorized through anaerobic digestion. However, more economic value can be attributed to these residues if a biorefinery approach is applied. Indeed, many value-added compounds can be obtained by the integration of different processes while closing the carbon and nutrient loops. The extraction of bioactive compounds followed by anaerobic digestion and composting seems to be a viable proposal for a biorefinery approach. Thus, this study aims to review the biorefinery strategies for valorizing tomato residues, highlighting the main processes proposed. The recovery of lycopene, β-carotene, and phenolic compounds has been widely studied at the lab scale, while energy recovery has already been applied at the industrial scale. Although techno-economic analysis is scarce for tomato residue valorization processes, positive net present values (NPV) and low payback times (PBT) have been reported in the literature. Thus, more work comparing multiple extraction technologies and biorefinery strategies coupled with economic and environmental assessment should be performed to select the most promising management route for tomato residues.

Reaction mechanisms in geopolymers produced from sugarcane bagasse ash

The production of Portland cement exhibits significant importance for social and economic development of a country, however also generates environmental impacts from the extraction of raw materials to the production of clinker. Despite the impacts, the demand for Portland cement is still growing in developing countries such as India, China, and Brazil. Faced with this impasse, research for the development of alternative materials to Portland cement is growing around the world. Among these researches, those related to alkali-activated materials (AAMs) stand out. AAMs are considered more sustainable than Portland cement because emit less CO2 during their production process. In addition, the raw materials used in its development are generally wastes from other industrial processes. Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) is an example of residue generated on a large scale in Brazil and with great potential for use in the production of AAMs. Therefore, the present work seeks to develop AAMs using SCBA as an exclusive precursor. For this, the material's viability was verified through physical, mechanical, morphological, and calorimetric tests. As a result, concluded that SCBA is a viable precursor for AAMs, promoting sustainability and innovation in the field of construction materials. In addition, the main mechanism of the reaction of SCBA pastes is the diffusion process, independent of paste formulation and the silicate is crucial for the degree of reaction at early age. At the same time, the compressive strength and microstructure are strongly dependent on alkalis and silicate content and SiO2/Na2O proportions around 1.0 are the optimum point for SCBA pastes.

Tying Up a Loose End: On the Role of the C-Terminal CCHHRAG Fragment of the Metalloregulator CueR.

The transcriptional regulator CueR is activated by the binding of CuI, AgI, or AuI to two cysteinates in a near‐linear fashion. The C‐terminal CCHHRAG sequence in Escherichia coli CueR present potential additional metal binding ligands and here we explore the effect of deleting this fragment on the binding of AgI to CueR. CD spectroscopic and ESI‐MS data indicate that the high AgI‐binding affinity of WT‐CueR is significantly reduced in Δ7C‐CueR.[111 Ag PAC spectroscopy demonstrates that the WT‐CueR metal site structure (AgS2) is conserved, but less populated in the truncated variant. Thus, the function of the C‐terminal fragment may be to stabilize the two‐coordinate metal site for cognate monovalent metal ions. In a broader perspective this is an example of residues beyond the second coordination sphere affecting metal site physicochemical properties while leaving the structure unperturbed.

CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN AGRO-FOOD WASTE FLOURS

One of the recurrent problems of the agroindustry sector is the incorrect disposal of waste because of the complexity of the material, moisture, among other factors. Waste is not used in tonnage, but is systematically used. Examples of residues are malt bagasse and cassava peel, produced in large quantities in the brewing industry and flour production, respectively. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate bioactive compounds of flours produced from agroindustry waste to potentiate their use as an ingredient rich in antioxidants. The flours produced from agroindustry waste were evaluated for phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and the attainment of phenolic profiles and fingerprints by paper spray mass spectrometry. It was possible to identify a broad class of compounds in both flours, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, among others. The flours can be possibly included in food commodities or packaging formulation since they are natural antioxidants, thus adding value to these products and reducing environmental issues. However, further analysis is needed to ensure bioavailability as well as food safety

Study on the Influence of the Wastes from Cashew Industry on Environmentally Friendly Bricks

Soil-cement bricks are sustainable and economically viable alternatives due to the possibility of residue utilization. CNSL (Cashew nut shell liquid ) is an example of residue from the cashew industry that can be reused in many applications. Therefore, the present work had as its objective to produce soil-cement bricks having CNSL as a constituent of the formulation. The samples were obtained from the mixture of pure CNSL, soil and cement (1:10). The soils used in the research were extracted from the south of the state and the mixture was pressed in a modular manual press. The samples were submitted to resistance and permeability tests and the results related to resistance and compression showed that the bricks presented an average of 2,3 MPa and were in accordance with what is suggested by NBR 8491/12. The presence of CNSL also altered the permeability of the material which was obtained. Hence, one may conclude that the presence of CNSL satisfactorily influences upon the properties of soil-cement bricks.

Vermicompostagem de lodo de curtume em associação com esterco bovino utilizando Eisenia fetida

RESUMO O lodo gerado pela indústria curtumeira é um exemplo de resíduo que provoca graves problemas ambientais. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a vermicompostagem de lodo de curtume, como método de reaproveitamento desse resíduo. Devido às características tóxicas do lodo de curtume, o mesmo foi misturado com esterco em várias proporções, em base seca. Durante 105 dias, a biomassa e a população das minhocas (Eisenia fetida ) foram avaliadas, além do pH, humidade e temperatura das unidades experimentais estabelecidas. Os substratos foram quimicamente caracterizados no início e no final do processo de vermicompostagem. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada em pH nos grupos com menores concentrações de lodo, no entanto, houve uma diminuição significativa no pH nos grupos com maiores concentrações do resíduo durante a vermicompostagem. As concentrações de Mg, Fe, Mn e Zn foram elevadas no vermicompostagem em todos os tratamentos. A relação C/N foi reduzida em todos os tratamentos, indicando o amadurecimento do substrato final. Os resultados indicam que vermicompostagem promove a conversão do lodo em composto em um curto intervalo de tempo, o que constitui um processo biotecnológico de tratamento capaz de adicionar o valor agronômico para este resíduo.

Natural products: an extraordinary source of value-added compounds from diverse biomasses in Brazil

The biodiversity of Brazil contains an extraordinary number of compounds from natural products with a wide and complex variety of molecular structures, therefore representing an economic potential in biomasses to be explored. Plant systems are the principal source of medicine and directly contribute to the development of new drugs in addition to agrochemicals, cosmetics, fine chemicals and nutraceuticals. Besides plants, other biomasses can be used as raw material, including marine organisms and microorganisms such as extremophilic and endophytic microbes. Interest in natural products for diverse uses is attributed to their different bioactivities, low toxicity and environmental sustainability. Based on these attributes, other non-biological applications of natural products from biomasses have been reported for use in textiles, antifouling coating in marine transportation, wood adhesives, industrial polymers and biofuel. After extractions of natural products of pharmaceutical interest or industrial application, such as polymers, or even of metabolites for biofuels, the residues (e.g., fibers) or other compounds (e.g., nutrients) are discarded generating unnecessary environmental pollution, but they could be used for the production of different value-added products. Some examples of residues that are being explored for added value by extracting other natural metabolites are olive and apple pomace, macauba and carnauba cakes, and cashew nut shell liquid. Residues and by-products derived from different biomasses in Brazil are a potential source of compounds of biological and industrial interest and therefore must be investigated in order to add value to the entire supply chain of natural product.

Separation of Oil-Contaminated Glass Grinds by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)

An extraction method is presented which relies on supercritical carbon dioxide as extractant. The development of the method and its demonstration in a bench-scale facility are described by the example of residues with high mineral oil and lead contents from machining optical glasses, the so-called glass grinds. By the extraction method, the oil can be recovered from the grinds in such a quality that direct recycling as grinding oil is possible.

Bayesian approach to calculate sample size for the examination of animals for the presence of residues

The Council of the European Economic Communities has issued a directive (86/469/EEC) for the examination of animals and fresh meat for the presence of residues of several hormones, drugs and environmental pollutants. The purpose of this paper is to compare the method used by the EEC with a Bayesian approach (which is based on prior information) to calculate necessary sample size, using an example of residues of drugs in pork in the Austrian state of Styria. The Bayesian approach requires smaller sample sizes for all levels of inspection.

Toward a History of PIE N-Stems in Tocharian

s, they were at times conflated, e.g., Tocharian B ymiye (and also yamo*?). (When used as agent nouns or as adjectives this class shows replacement of the nominative singular by the accusative.) There are other nouns of this class in both Tocharian languages which show Back Vowel Umlaut and manifest no trace of original palatalization of the root final consonant, e.g., B sopiye* net, olyiye* ship, molyiye* struggle (both with superficial palatalization of /1/ before /i/, see Adams, forthcoming), or B proskiye [ A praskil fear. It is possible that such nouns show a Proto-Indo-European *-uHen-. The loss of laryngeals left *-iHenand *-uH nas *iyenand *uwen-. At that time *-iyencould be segmented as *-i-yenrather than *-iy-enand such an analysis would lead to the replacement of *-uwenby *-uyen-. The latter develops regularly to [AB] -ibut with no palatalization of the preceding consonant and backing and rounding of any susceptible preceding vowel. A trace of the original u(H)stem may be seen in B prari finger (from *p(e)roruyen< *p(e)riruHen-) but plural nominative praroi (from *p(e)rrruHnes). Tocharian A shows this word without a n-extension, i.e., sg. prar (< *p(e)riru), pl. praru* (< *p(e)rorwd). As an adjective we have B arkwi [A arkil white, pl. nom. arkwimn (for *arkwih), pl. acc. arkwindarn, all from *arguyen(< *arguHen-, cf. Latin argatus clear, significant) with the accusative singular again as a nominative. (Proto-Indo-European *u gives Tocharian B /o/ when subject to Back Vowel Umlaut, /wd/ when absolutely initial or after /k/, and /a/ elsewhere.) 8 Except in adjective stems in -r-, the -m is (secondarily ?) lost. 9 The final -e (in Tocharian B) from Proto-Indo-European *-oH is surprising. One might more readily have expected *-a This content downloaded from 207.46.13.159 on Sat, 22 Oct 2016 04:41:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 442 Journal of the American Oriental Society 100. 4 (1980) When we turn our attention to n-stem adjectives in Tocharian, we find that, aside from small, residual examples (see notes 7 and 10), there is abundant evidence for two formerly productive types: one corresponding to our nominal class (2), and one to class (5). The evidence is most explicit for class (2) which includes several adjectives in Tocharian B and one or two in Tocharian Aall based on Proto-IndoEuropean *-mon-/-men-, e.g., Tocharian B klyomo [A klyomj noble. In Tocharian B the vowel *-6of the nominative singular has been extended throughout the masculine paradigm. In Tocharian A, though the declension has been assimilated to that of the ntstems, we see traces of Proto-Indo-European *-ein, for instance, the acc. sg. m. klyomant. The feminine in both languages is also based on ProtoIndo-European *-men-, with the addition of *-ain Tocharian A and of *-yain B, e.g., B klyomfia, A klyomi .M. Class (5) adjectives, however, appear to have been the productive declension in Proto-Tocharian and, insofar as they survive, they have become assimilated to their thematic (i.e., strong) counterparts. The usual result of this conflation of strong and weak for the masculine adjective was the retention of the strong nominative singular (i.e., no preceding palatalization) and the weak accusative singular (i.e., with preceding palatalization and, in Tocharian B, the extension of the vowel -e[from either PIE *-eor *-o-] at the expense of-a[from PIE *-e-] ). Thus, in the singular, we have the following developments: SINGULAR Proto-Tocharian Toch. Toch.