Example Of Ukraine Research Articles

Cost-effectiveness of dialysis and kidney transplantation to treat end-stage renal disease in Ukraine.

Aim: To determine the economic feasibility of using kidney transplantation compared to hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease in the long term in countries with a low and medium level of economic development using the example of Ukraine. Materials and Methods: The cost effectiveness analysis method was used. Conducted Markov modeling and comparison of the consequences of kidney transplantation and hemodialysis in terms of treatment costs and the number of added years of life for a cohort of 1,675 patients were carried out. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is defined. Results: Based on the results of modeling, it was determined that among 1,675 patients with end-stage kidney disease in Ukraine, 1,248 (74.5%) will remain alive after 10 years of treatment when kidney transplantation technology is used. The highest costs will be in the first year ($25,864), and in subsequent years - about $5,769. With the use of hemodialysis technology, only 728 patients (43.5%) will be alive after 10 years, the cost of treating one patient per year is $11,351. The use of kidney transplantation adds 3191 years of quality life for 1675 patients compared with hemodialysis (1.9 years per patient). Conclusions: Kidney transplantation is an economically feasible technology for Ukraine, as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is $4694, which is 1.04 times higher than Ukraine's GDP per capita. The results of the study allow us to recommend that decision-makers in countries with a low and medium level of economic development give priority in financing to renal transplantation.

Medical and pharmaceutical activities in occupied territories: legal assessment and Ukraine's experience.

International armed conflicts often involve the occupation of territories of the state under aggression, where some of the population begins to voluntarily cooperate with the enemy. Currently, under the legislation of certain EU countries, such actions may be deemed collaboration or treason. This article examines the scenarios faced by medical or pharmaceutical workers in occupied territories, using the example of Ukraine, which is currently experiencing armed aggression from the Russian Federation. Despite the declared norms of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), medical and pharmaceutical workers find themselves in quite difficult situations. They have taken an oath and have obligations under the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, and thus are required to continue performing their professional duties during the occupation and are de jure granted medical neutrality. However, they also face limited resources, pressure, and, in some cases, their duties may involve illegal actions that could lead to legal responsibility. The study identifies when medical and pharmaceutical activities are lawful during occupation and when they may constitute unlawful behaviour that results in legal accountability. The authors conclude that the current policies of Russia and its occupation authorities deliberately violate IHL norms. Furthermore, they intentionally create conditions where individuals in occupied territories commit actions that will be recognized as crimes. It is based on dialectical, analytic, synthetic, comprehensive methods, and also uses the case-method and the method of content analysis.

Comparative legal analysis of guarantees of independence of judges (on the example of Ukraine, Georgia and the Republic of Moldova)

Comparative legal analysis of guarantees of independence of judges (on the example of Ukraine, Georgia and the Republic of Moldova)

УКРАЇНА ПРОТИ МОСКВИ: СТАЛІСТЬ ІСТОРІЇ (Рецензія на книгу Олександра Шульгина "Україна проти Москви. 1917 рік". Київ, 2023)

The book examines the situation of Ukraine during the national liberation struggles of the beginning of the 20th century, especially the struggle of Ukrainians against Moscow in 1917-1918. The events of 1917-1918 in Kyiv and Petrograd are described by O. Shulgyn with the scrupulousness of a historian and the emotionality of a true patriot of Ukraine. The book was published in 1935 in Paris. It published in French. The authentic title is "Ukraine contre Moscou (1917)". O. Shulgyn`s work was translated into Ukrainian for the first time already in our time by Olena Leontovych and published in 2023 in Kyiv. Oleksandr Shulgyn (1889–1960) was the first Minister of Foreign Affairs in the history of the Ukrainian People`s Republic (UNR), one of the dignitaries of Ukraine as a talented publicist, politician, historian, public and statesman. Oleksandr Shulgyn`s work ―Ukraine against Moscow. 1917‖ is relevant for the warring Ukrainian community. And not only because it presents the unique experience of an active and thinking event participant. Today, this book "works" as an example of Ukraine`s advocacy in the world, such an urgent problem now, as well as in those distant years of the first quarter of the 20th century, in the thirties, forties, and ultimately all the years of the 20th century. The need to be heard by the world for Ukraine and Ukrainians, unfortunately, remains extremely acute even today.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК СХІДНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ЄС: УКРАЇНА ТА МОЛДОВА

The article examines the political initiative of the European Union – the European Neighborhood Policy. The dynamics of relations between the EU member states and their neighbors have been monitored. The role of Poland in the perspective of further cooperation and potential expansion of the borders of economic interaction of neighboring EU countries is characterized. The documents and the European Neighborhood Policy Strategy were analyzed separately. The consolidating factor of Poland is singled out as an opportunity for Ukraine and Moldova to join the European Community, and for the EU to expand its economic borders and integrate new potential partners. The purpose of the article is to analyze the cooperation of the European Union with potential partners who may become members of the European community in the future. The main task of this article is to study the formation and development of the Eastern policy of the European Union on the example of Ukraine and Moldova. Another important issue is the EU’s eastward expansion. It is hindered by the imperial ambitions of Russia, which considers Eastern Europe its sphere of influence and is ready by any means to stop the integration of these countries into Europe. Only Moscow’s intervention is delaying the further expansion of the EU’s economic borders. For a long time, the people of Ukraine and Moldova have been asking who is better: Russia or the EU? Here it is worth comparing the material situation of, for example, Poland and neighboring Moldova and Ukraine, and the choice will become obvious. It was concluded that the European Neighborhood Policy is a rather effective mechanism for implementing the economic, social and political factors of the expansion of the EU borders to the East. Additionally, this initiative can serve as an incentive for modernization and further democratization of future member states. The main obstacle is the Russian Federation, which seeks to keep these countries in its orbit or to join Russia altogether. In the future, Europe must unite all possible efforts to confront this enemy of the democracies of the world.

Main problems of the derivatives market in Ukraine and ways to solve them

This article highlights one of the key problems of the financial market of Ukraine – the development of the derivative securities market. The relevance of the study of the problems of the market of derivative financial instruments based on the example of Ukraine is substantiated. Special attention is paid to the study of the scientific works of Ukrainian researchers and scientists, their results and the significance of these works for Ukraine. The article also highlights interesting approaches and relevant information on the basis of which this research was conducted. The main types of derivative securities (forward and futures contracts, options, swaps and warrants) and their key features are characterized – essence, terms of conclusion, functions and significance for the market, roles of participants in these operations, etc. The use of these derivatives is explained, with advantages and disadvantages indicated. The principles of the functioning of the derivatives market in Ukraine are also described and researched, the main types of derivatives concluded on the Ukrainian financial market over the past few years and the prevailing trends in this area are mentioned. With the use of statistical data and comparative analysis, the dynamics of the main indicators of the Ukrainian derivatives market were studied, compared with some indicators inherent in the world derivatives market, and graphically interpreted. With the help of general scientific methods of synthesis, induction and deduction, the main differences between the indicators of the Ukrainian and world markets of derivative financial instruments, as well as possible reasons for their appearance, were determined. The main internal shortcomings of the derivative securities market in Ukraine are highlighted. The influence of the mentioned shortcomings was studied, the negative consequences of the pandemic and full-scale war on the dynamics of these indicators were proved. In contrast to the described shortcomings, attention is focused on successful participants of the derivative securities market and the results of their activities. Key trends were also displayed graphically. In conclusion, the intended strategy of our state in solving the existing problems of the derivatives market is described, and its own ways of solving them and accelerating the development of the derivative financial instruments market in Ukraine are proposed.

Застосування теорії змін в екологізації бізнесу

The article summarizes scientific approaches to the development of the theory of changes in the greening of business. The scientific and methodological approaches to understanding the basics of the theory of change have been developed. The features of the application of the theory of change in the greening of business are presented. The specifics of the development of the theory of changes in the greening of business on the example of Ukraine are revealed. It is determined that for the Ukrainian realities, the greening of business is implemented mainly in the formal plane in the context of compliance with the norms and standards of environmental development, ensuring environmental taxation, control of environmental pollution standards, which slows down the development of the component of the Ukrainian environmental business and hinders the innovative introduction of elements of the ecological paradigm in our country. The theory of change is a rigorous but necessary process by which groups and stakeholders in planning activities formulate their long-term goals and define the conditions that they believe should precede the achievement of these goals. These conditions are modeled as desired outcomes, organized graphically in a causal structure. Change theory describes the types of interventions (a single program or a coordinated initiative) that lead to the outcomes depicted in the outcome map. Each intervention is linked to an outcome in a causal system, revealing the often complex web of actions required to bring about change. Several factors have been found to make it difficult for multinational companies to take action against climate change, such as a lack of certainty about climate policy, a lack of green technologies, and a lack of return on investment. The use of green practices also remains limited in the International Health Standards (IHR) in both developed and developing countries, due to limited access to finance and skills, lack of information and knowledge about innovation, and, in some cases, poor enforcement of rules. It is determined that for a better and more effective application of the norms and provisions of the theory of changes in the greening of business, it is relevant to introduce professional courses for managers and environmental managers of companies, which will direct the professional training of management staff to the implementation of effective environmental changes in business. It is also relevant to introduce the State-based programs to stimulate the development of greening business in terms of indirect (tax incentives for businesses that implement environmental innovations) and direct incentives for the implementation of environmental changes (preferential lending for greening business).

Time gap of the impact of risk insurance, life insurance and reinsurance on social progress: The case of Ukraine

The paper examines, using the example of Ukraine from 2003 to 2020, how and to what extent the development of various segments of the insurance market (risk insurance, life insurance, and reinsurance) influences the overall level of social progress. It also identifies the time gaps through which this influence manifests. The study creates a single measure that looks at various aspects such as social class differences, spending patterns, income changes, and government social spending (their standardized values, weighed by the principal component method, integrated through additive convolution). Using VAR modeling, the impact of the development indicators of different segments of the insurance market (risk insurance, life insurance, and reinsurance) at the current moment and with lags of one, two, and three years is investigated, as well as the level of social progress in Ukraine in previous years. The modeling confirms that social reforms yield significant results for social progress only after three years, similarly to the increase in the number of insurance companies. Given insurers’ assets and payout levels, their growth in life insurance has a faster impact on social progress than in risk, while the opposite is true for premiums. Insurance premiums transferred to Ukrainian reinsurers negatively and slowly (over three years) affect social progress, and to non-resident reinsurers – positively and faster (within a year). Across most indicators, life insurance not only influences Ukraine’s social progress more quickly than others but also provides a more substantial social effect.

PROVISION OF GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF LOCAL WELFARE

The subject of the article is the problem of ensuring the welfare of the population in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development. The authors define the concepts of "sustainable development", "hromadas" (territorial communities), "welfare", and systematise the prerequisites for the formation of welfare at the local level. The paper aims at developing approaches to determining the priority tasks of territorial development in the system of sustainable development goals. It is noted that sustainable development is impossible without achieving a certain level of welfare. To achieve the research goal, the authors analyses and assesses the level of welfare of hromadas, and also considers a set of indicators for assessing welfare based on a combination of "hard" (objective) and "soft" (subjective) factors. The methodology for assessing the welfare of territories (on the example of Ukraine) and studying its impact on the level of sustainable development of the country is applied. The methodology is based on the construction of a non-linear regression model, which demonstrates the high significance of the factors "number of educational institutions" and "number of cultural and sports institutions". The publication also identifies the main reasons that, according to the respondents, impede the development of hromadas in the region under study: poor quality of education; insufficient public initiative and activity of residents; lack of opportunities for self-realisation and meaningful leisure; poor quality (lack of) road surfaces; unemployment; spread of crime, alcoholism, corruption; environmental pollution; drinking water pollution; deterioration of engineering networks; population ageing; lack of investment; lack of entrepreneurship of hromada residents; lack of hromada awareness; unfavourable conditions for business development. The conclusion of the research is that local and regional plans should provide a systematic vision of territorial development and define strategies based on an integrated and multidimensional approach to inclusive and sustainable development. They should be defined, implemented and monitored with the involvement of key territorial stakeholders in the governance process. Based on the analysis, recommendations will be made to identify territorial development priorities in the system of sustainable development goals at local and global levels. In particular, to establish local priorities, existing local and regional programmes should be reviewed to identify the main needs, priorities, gaps and cross-sectoral linkages of the territory and their relationship with the SDGs and national priorities.

Innovative Mechanisms of Shaping the Migration Attractiveness of Ukraine Regions

"The article examines the concept of migration attractiveness of the regions in its correlation with investment attractiveness and its corresponding factors of influence. It is stressed that the example of Ukraine is a unique in its kind, not experienced critical deteriorative influence of either hybrid war or active hostilities on the migration attractiveness of the regions. As a result of literature research and studies of Ukrainian data, it is proposed to use methodologies for assessment of investment attractiveness when designing mechanisms of shaping migration attractiveness of the country’ regions, and apply matrix systemic approach, taking into account, among other factors, sustainability (ESG) patterns."

ГЛОБАЛЬНА БАГАТОПОЛЯРНІСТЬ: НОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ Й ЗАГРОЗИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ЕКСПОРТУ

Одним з актуальних напрямів сучасної економічної науки є передбачення наслідків глобальної багатополярності. Їх аналіз у сферах міжнародної політики і міжнародного торговельного права дав підстави для висунення припущення, що глобальна багатополярність створює як нові можливості, так і додаткові загрози для розвитку менших економік, що розвиваються (smaller developing economies). Для перевірки припущення на основі даних, зібраних у сфері економіки, запропоновано ці можливості й загрози проаналізувати як сильні й слабкі торговельні стимули, що формують країни – нові реальні й потенційні полюси глобального зростання при закупівлі в менших економіках, що розвиваються, сировини і продукції підвищеної технологічної складності. Для реалізації цього наукового методу розроблено набір методологічних і методичних підходів для уточнення переліку й рейтингування реальних і потенційних полюсів глобального зростання, оцінювання їх часток у закупівлі продукції підвищеної технологічної складності.Апробація запропонованих наукових підходів на прикладі України виявила, що на міжнародних ринках додатковий попит Китаю і потенційних полюсів глобального зростання з-поміж країн з ринками, що прискорено розвиваються, створює сильні торговельні стимули для пожвавлення економічної активності у вітчизняних експортних галузях з виробництва сировини і продукції її неглибокої переробки, а також слабкі – у галузях з виробництва продукції підвищеної технологічної складності. Тому подальше стрімке інерційне розширення торгівлі України з даними країнами неодмінно посилюватиме ризики уповільнення якісних (структурних) змін у вітчизняній зовнішній торгівлі на користь продукції підвищеної технологічної складності. Отримані емпіричні дані підтверджують припущення західних учених, що глобальна багатополярність створює додаткові загрози для розвитку менших економік, що розвиваються, оскільки стимулює збереження за ними ролі постачальника сировинних ресурсів на світові ринки в майбутньому.

The Factor of Democracy and Prosperity and the Formation of the Nation State in the Example of Ukraine: Pre-War Picture

Ukraine is currently facing an armed onslaught, the likes of which no European country has struggled with since the Second World War, and it will probably take years to repair the country physically and the population mentally. However, to ensure that the future recovery process does not begin with a return to the past, a thorough analysis of the state of affairs before the intensification of the Russian onslaught in 2022, which began in 2014, is needed. The primary purpose of writing the article is to show, with real examples, the ineffectiveness of the pre-war state-forming function in Ukraine. This analysis indicates why most of the reforms were nullified and which steps must be taken to avoid these problems for the country’s correct economic, cultural, and political evolution. Using the Cobb-Douglas function, the relationship between intra-system factors of state formation and the standard of living of the country’s population is also established. It is proposed to shape the national concept of the modernisation of the public administration system and its new paradigm and to develop its state-forming model, which will be adequate with regard to Ukrainian realities (including the state post-war) and global trends. Thus, the relevance of the research topic stems from the need to provide practical recommendations for the future, post-war modernisation of the state-forming system in the context of the socio-political and economic development of the country, as well as civil society.

Human Rights Due Diligence in Conflict-Affected Areas: The Unfortunate Example of Ukraine

The article examines the phenomenon of human rights due diligence in conflict-affected and high-risk areas through the example of Ukraine. It is stressed that in conflict-affected and high-risk areas the companies should conduct heightened human rights due diligence, which complements the ‘classical’ ongoing due diligence with conflict-sensitive approach. Using the data presented by Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, the article shows that, unfortunately, companies have not implemented heightened human rights due diligence into their activities in Ukraine and/or Russia after the beginning of full-scale military invasion in February 2022. Besides, the article highlights that the companies should constantly evaluate the ongoing conflict and/or high-risk area, since the situation may change rapidly. This has been proved by the fact that the recently announced partial mobilization in Russia jeopardizes companies and increases the risk of them being found complicit in war crimes committed in Ukraine. Conclusions present quick step-by-step advice on how to conduct heightened human rights due diligence in conflict-affected areas.

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FIRST LADY (on the Example of Ukraine and Poland)

The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the First Lady's activities in the field of public diplomacy on the example of Ukraine and Poland. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematicity, and general scientific and specialised methods, including the biographical method. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in raising the issue of the institution of the First Lady as a subject of public diplomacy and analysing the activities of the First Ladies of Ukraine and Poland in this area. Conclusions: Based on the activities of the First Ladies of Ukraine and Poland, it can be argued that Agata Kornhauser-Duda and Olena Zelenska have changed the perception of the role of presidential wives in the development of public diplomacy. Despite the first mentions of public diplomacy in the late nineteenth century, the testing of its tools in the first half of the twentieth century, active involvement in academic and professional use began in the second half of the twentieth century, and in Ukraine in the twenty-first century. Elements of public diplomacy can be seen in the activities of the wives of the first persons of Ukraine and Poland during the struggle for statehood: Maria Hrushevska, Aleksandra Piłsudska, Olha Petliura, and Michalina Mościcka. They created the historical basis for the use of public diplomacy tools by First Ladies. The modern First Ladies of Ukraine and Poland in addition to their traditional duties have mastered the tools of public diplomacy to create a positive image of their countries in the minds of other countries. The use of this toolkit gained particular importance with the outbreak of Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine and, in fact, the entire civilised world on 24 February 2022. Agata Kornhauser-Duda and Olena Zelenska demonstrate that the First Lady's Institute belongs to the public diplomacy community.

Tools for financing local economic development of local communities

The study examined the specific features of using the instruments of financing the economic development of territorial communities on the example of Ukraine. Economic and statistical analysis methods were used to process the data, including the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for comparing growth trends. The study identified the most common sources and tools for financing the economic development of local communities, in particular tax revenues, grants, loans, public-private partnerships. The financial instruments of local economic development in the UK, Denmark, and Slovenia were analysed, focusing on their flexibility, adaptability, and efficiency. The importance of integrating the best practices of these countries into the strategic financial management of territorial communities of Ukraine is substantiated. Specific recommendations for implementing successful international experience are proposed. It is recommended that Ukraine introduce monitoring and control systems similar to the British ones to ensure strict control over local budget expenditures, which is important for the stability and transparency of financial governance; consolidate or redistribute competencies in favour of larger communities, increase the share of local taxes, and introduce financial equalisation mechanisms to reduce financial inequality and ensure equal opportunities for all communities, as the Danish experience has shown. According to the Slovenian experience, it is necessary to develop clear standards for the provision of services, create independent supervisory authorities to monitor the effectiveness of local budgets, introduce fiscal decentralisation, and increase the share of local taxes to increase the autonomy of local authorities and reduce the disparity in the level of services between regions. The results obtained emphasised the importance of using an integrated and integrative approach to the development and management of financing tools for the local economic development of territorial communities. The practical significance of the study’s findings is manifested in the provision of specific recommendations on the use of various financing instruments, such as local guarantees, municipal bonds, and loans from international financial institutions and grants from international donors. These recommendations can help determine investment priorities and improve investment planning and management processes, which is important for the development of territorial communities

Diagnostics of the current state of Ukraine’s state budget

The example of Ukraine shows that the indicator of fiscal sustainability s1a for one year can be used to diagnose the current state of the state budget. Six principles of construction of such an indicator are considered, which include: 1) construction of the indicator s1a for the current year; 2) calculation of the value of the indicator s1a for the current year every month, that is, with the frequency with which information on the implementation of the Ukraine's State Budget for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year is published; 3) calculation of the indicator s1a based on the planned value of the state debt of Ukraine at the end of the current year, the actual value of the state debt of Ukraine at the end of the previous year, the planned and forecast values for the current year of the rest of its components; 4) the assumption that the planned values of the components of the indicator s1a are those whose values are approved in the regulatory and legal acts of Ukraine for the current year (namely: the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on approval of the forecast of economic and social development of Ukraine regarding the nominal GDP and the Law of Ukraine on the State Budget of Ukraine for the current year regarding the remaining components) or calculated based on the above mentioned approved values; 5) the assumption that the planned values of components of the indicator s1a for a month of the current year are equal to one twelfth of their planned values for the current year; 6) the assumption that the forecast values of the components of the indicator s1a for the current year are equal to the sum of their actual values for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year and their planned values for the current month and the following months of the current year. It is indicated that when constructing the indicator s1a on the specified principles, it can be calculated not only as a fiscal gap of the one-year budget constraint, but also in two alternative ways: by calculating the difference between the actual value of the change in the state debt of Ukraine for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year and its planned value for this period, as well as by calculating the difference, taken with the opposite sign, between the actual value of the adjusted balance of the State Budget of Ukraine for the period from the beginning of the current year to the current month of the current year and its planned value for this period. The author reveals the diagnostic capabilities of the indicator s1a namely: the ability to reflect the current state in the state finance sector, as well as in the financial sector in whole, the ability to define the impact of its components on it, the ability to define the impact of amending the Law of Ukraine on the State Budget of Ukraine for the current year and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on approval of the forecast of economic and social development of Ukraine on it. It is noted that the use of the indicator s1a will strengthen the validity of decisions on issues of fiscal and debt policy.

State borders stability formation on the conditions of response to migration crises on the example of Ukraine

Based on personal participation in the special border operation "Polissia", the author's team analyzed the actions of the Ukrainian government in response to the potential risks of the migration crisis on the Ukrainian-Belarusian border in 2021. The experience of migration crisis response of the EU member states (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia) in 2021 was analyzed, as well as the experience of migration crisis response in previous years (Balkan route). Proposals for improving organizational aspects of conducting special border operations in order to overcome migration crises at the state border have been substantiated. In addition, a methodology has been developed that allows detecting the changes of the situation in the border zone of national security, determining the time periods of increase (decrease) of the degree of aggravation, forecasting the time period of transition of the situation from the level of "aggravation" to the level of "threat". In the conclusions it is proposed to develop a concept paper in the form of a strategy for the security and stability of state borders, which will include ways of solving the material and technical problems of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

Constitutional guarantees of the inviolability of property rights on the example of Ukraine, Poland and Germany

In the course of the modern state building processes, European integration of Ukraine, as well as negative events unfolding as a result of Russia's armed aggression, the property right as one of the fundamental constitutional rights is experiencing restrictions and transformations. The purpose of the scientific research is to highlight the content of the guarantee (principle) of the inviolability of property rights, and how they are embedded in the Fundamental Laws of Ukraine, Poland and Germany. The following general and specifically legal methods of scientific knowledge form the methodological basis of the study: the system-structural method, the method of comparison and logical-legal method. The analysis of constitutional guarantees regarding the inviolability of property rights on the example of Ukraine, Poland and Germany was conducted in the article. According to the results of the conducted research, it is proposed the following separation of the guarantees regarding the inviolability of property rights stipulated by the constitutions guarantees of legislative consolidation of rights and procedures; immediate principles and guarantees of effectuation of the property rights; guarantees of administrative support; guarantees of protection and defense of the property rights. Significance of results and the prospects for further research. The proposed classification makes it possible to more widely define the constitutional guarantees of the property rights, which also makes it possible to provide the legal protection to a wider range of public relations regarding the property.

Esports as a Phenomenon of the Digital Age: an Economic and Legal Analysis (on the Example of Ukraine and Switzerland)

Cybersport is developing rapidly in all developed regions of the world. Currently, eSports has acquired the characteristics of an important economic and socio-cultural factor that needs to be taken seriously. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to regulate social relations within its boundaries. This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of economic and legal relations in the field of e-sports activities and the search for optimal ways of their improvement. The subject of the study is social relations arising in the field of e-sports. The research methodology includes the basic methods of scientific knowledge, which are the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the comparative legal method, which was used to compare the researched aspects in Switzerland and Ukraine. As a result of the research, a number of conclusions were made, which are important for law enforcement activities, can be used in rulemaking activities, and are also valuable from the point of view of the development of economic and legal doctrine. Keywords: eSports, contract, private law, public law, social relations.

Economic reproduction of the natural resource potential of agro-industrial production

Purpose. The goal of the study is to develop scientific and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the economic mechanism of reproduction of the natural resource potential of agro-industrial production (AIP).
 Results. The article substantiates the priorities for improving the reproduction of the natural resource potential of agro-industrial production on the example of Ukraine. The conceptual foundations of forming an information system for ensuring the rational use and reproduction of natural resources in the agrarian sector are highlighted in detail. The conceptual foundations of forming a system of principles, goals and criteria for information support of the processes of reproduction of the natural resource potential of AIP, the environmental and economic mechanism for managing the features of environmental and innovative development of the state are considered in more detail. For optimal redistribution of the resource component of agro-industrial production, methodological recommendations for the economic assessment of natural resources in the agrarian sector are presented. In order to ensure the rational reproduction of natural resources of the agricultural sector, the features of the economic assessment of natural resources of agro-industrial production are analyzed. The essence and content of the concept of the natural resource potential of the agricultural sector is revealed, under which it is proposed to understand a complex system of natural objects, the users of which are enterprises of agro-industrial production with existing technology and socio-economic relations, a component of the environmental and economic potential of the state. This made it possible to develop a system of information support for the reproduction of the natural resource potential of AIP based on a systematic analysis of environmental and economic relations of nature management in the agrarian sector.
 Scientific novelty. The economic category of the natural resource potential of the AIP is developed in the direction of reflecting the structure and relationships between its elements; the definition of the economic assessment of natural resource elements is deepened, which is considered in the study as a criterion indicator of the comparative economic efficiency of the use and reproduction of the natural resource potential of the AIP; scientific and practical foundations of information support for economic processes of reproduction of natural resources in the agricultural sector are improved on the basis of development of an information system for expert assessment of their quality, monitoring, audit, and passport of the environmental management object.
 Practical value. The results of the study are used to improve the economic mechanism of reproduction of natural resources of the agrarian sector in the region. The scientific and practical recommendations are used to determine the indicators of economic assessment of the elements of natural resources of the agrarian sector; to calculate the economic efficiency of conservation and reproduction of the natural resource potential of the agro-industrial complex; to provide financial support for regional reproduction programmes and processes; to develop tools and methods of agro-ecological regulation.