Examination Of China Research Articles

To let go or to control? Depoliticisation and (re)politicisation in Chinese football

ABSTRACT The concept of depoliticisation has become increasingly popular in Western governance studies. However, empirical analysis of depoliticisation processes in non-democratic political regimes is less prevalent. This article addresses this gap through an examination of China’s recent efforts to depoliticise the sport sector, using football as a trial. Documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews were adopted for data collection. Specifically, we delineated the principles adopted, activities occurred, and tools used for football depoliticisation at three political levels (macro, meso and micro), highlighting the inconsistencies between the desired outcomes and strategies for depoliticisation. We reveal that the depoliticisation of Chinese football is a convoluted and incremental process and various depoliticisation strategies were used in an attempt to reform the football governance system. A nexus between depoliticisation and (re)politicisation constantly emerged due to factors such as historic path dependency and the lack of determination of the government to fully relinquish control.

Navigating the demographic shift: an examination of China's new fertility policy and its implications

Navigating the demographic shift: an examination of China's new fertility policy and its implications

Guideline for clinical practice of ultrasound examination in liver transplantation (2023 edition)

Liver transplantation is currently the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Ultrasound examination has the advantages of non-invasive, convenient, and real-time display the intrahepatic vascular hemodynamic changes, and has become one of the preferred evaluation methods in the entire management process of liver transplantation. To further standardize the ultrasound examinations before and after liver transplantation, multiple-disciplinary experts in the field of liver transplantation, including specialists in ultrasound, liver surgery, and intervention medicine, were organized by the Chinese Medical Association Ultrasound Medicine Branch, the Chinese Medical Doctor Association Surgery Physician Branch, the Chinese Medical Doctor Association Interventional Physician Branch, and the Shanghai Medical Association Ultrasound Medicine Branch. Combined with the latest research practice in ultrasound diagnosis and treatment of liver transplantation, the ultrasound clinical practice guidelines for liver transplantation (2023 edition) was formulated. The contents of this guideline include ultrasound evaluation of liver transplantation donors and recipients, intraoperative and postoperative ultrasound examination of transplant livers, ultrasound applications in pediatric liver transplantation, and ultrasound-guided liver puncture biopsy and treatment, aiming to promote the standardized and high-quality development of liver transplantation ultrasound examination in China.

Is China Socialist? Theorising the Political Economy of China

This article investigates important and interrelated issues regarding China. It seeks to understand China’s current social formation, setting out the relationship between China and socialism. To examine whether China is socialist, this article examines key principles of socialism drawn from Marx including: individuals’ possession of the means of subsistence; the entitlement to a share of the means of production that are held in common; equality; and the degree to which the state is withering. Through an examination of China’s social welfare regime, the rural land ownership regime, and state-owned enterprise profit sharing with citizens, the article finds that China does not meet the criteria for socialism. In this context, the article continues to evaluate – based on an examination of the ruling party’s motivations and the power dynamics of several social forces – the possibility that China could return to socialism once it builds a sustaining productive dynamic. Also investigated is the role of the state, analysing state-controlled economic resources including natural objects and state-owned enterprise and their impacts on society and the economy.

A Review of the Research of Summary Writing under the Background of New College Entrance Examination in China

After the new college entrance examination reform, summary writing has been formally used in college entrance examination writing in China. This new question type has triggered many scholars and front-line teachers' research and discussion. In order to further understand the current research status of summary writing in China, this paper collates and analyzes the literature related to summary writing in Foreign Language Teaching in Primary and secondary Schools (middle school papers), English Teaching and Research in Primary and Secondary Schools and the core journals of CNKI from 2015 to 2022.The findings are as follows: (1) The publication of literature related to summary writing increased explosively after 2016, but fell back in the last two years;(2) Most of the research methods are non-material research;(3) The research content is mainly teaching practice inquiry. Based on the analysis results, this paper summarizes and discusses the existing problems in the research of summary writing.

Two-phase tabu search algorithm for solving Chinese high school timetabling problems under the new college entrance examination reform

Upon the latest reform to the college entrance examination in China (i.e., Gaokao), high schools began implementing an optional class system. Under this scheme, students’ time slots become complex, thereby increasing the difficulty in formulating a suitable timetable from the available ones. To address this problem, the course-scheduling model was improved. On the basis of the original hard constraints, the “concurrent group” was considered, and the softer constraints were regarded as optimization goals, such as “teaching plans synchronously”, “no idle periods in the timetables of teachers”, and “evenly distributed lessons”. Given these soft constraints, the model becomes more practical. In this study, a two-phase tabu search algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. The proposed algorithm uses the characteristics of the graph coloring model to eliminate redundant calculations in the neighborhood search process, thereby effectively improving computational efficiency. Fifteen practical instances of different scales were selected for testing to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm can formulate high-quality available timetables (The average satisfaction rate of soft constraints is more than 71%) in a short period.

The transformed value of teacher education policy on the characteristics and examinations in China

This paper mainly reviews the history of value change Of teacher training policy In China, specifically, and summarizes the basic characteristics of value change Of teacher training policy in China, namely, national-oriented value orientation, service social-oriented value orientation, tool rational value orientation and humanistic value orientation. On this basis, the value orientation of teacher's educational policy must be based on people, consistent with the principle of maximizing the benefit of the policy.

Examining the diversity of scientific methods in college entrance chemistry examinations in China

Scientific methods have received widespread attention in recent years. Based on the analytical framework derived from Brandon's matrix consisting of four categories of scientific methods, this paper aims to conduct a content analysis to examine how the diversity of scientific methods is represented in college entrance chemistry examination papers from three exam boards in China. It was found that the percentages of the four categories of scientific methods in the examination papers varied significantly from each exam board, highlighting an imbalanced representation of scientific methods. Furthermore, among the four categories of scientific methods, non-manipulative parameter measurement (Non-MPM) accounted for the largest proportion in each examination paper, while the proportion of manipulative hypothesis testing (MHT) was very small, indicating that the practical chemistry items in China are less experimental. At the end of this paper, the implications of the findings and suggestions for further studies are discussed.

Making space through finance: Spatial conceptions of the rural in China’s rural financial reforms

By forming a dialogue between financial and rural geography, this paper explores the co-constitution of rurality and finance. It does so by approaching financial policies as a genre of spatial discourse in which particular spatial imaginaries are reified. Through an examination of China’s rural financial reforms, this paper illustrates how the rural, as a spatial signifier, is imagined and represented in financial policies and how these spatial conceptions of the rural influence financial processes. The paper argues that China’s rural financial reforms are built on ambiguous and contentious notions of rurality. It therefore calls for greater sensitivity toward the discursive dimension of spatial production in financial processes and the varied conceptions and representations of spaces that are the targets of financial intervention.

Classification and diagnosis of cervical lesions based on colposcopy images using deep fully convolutional networks: A man-machine comparison cohort study

Colposcopy is an important technique in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. The development of computer-aided diagnosis methods can mitigate the shortage of colposcopists and improve the accuracy and efficiency of colposcopy examinations in China. This study proposes the Dense-U-Net model for colposcopy image recognition. This was a man–machine comparison cohort study. It presents a novel artificial intelligence (AI) model for the diagnosis of cervical lesions through colposcopy images using a Dense-U-Net image semantic segmentation algorithm. The Dense-U-Net model was created by applying the methods of “deepening the network structure,” “applying dropout” and “max pooling.” Moreover, image-based and population-based diagnostic performances of the AI algorithm and physicians with different levels of specialist experience were compared. In total, 2,475 participants were recruited, and 13,084 colposcopy images were included in this study. The diagnostic accuracy of the Dense-U-Net model increased significantly with increasing colposcopy images per patient. As the number of images in the training set increased, the diagnostic accuracy of the Dense-U-Net model for cervical intraepithelial neoplasm 3 or worse (CIN3+) diagnosis increased (P = 0.035). The rate of diagnostic accuracy (0.89 vs 0.85, P<0.001) of CIN3+ lesions using the Dense-U-Net model was higher than that of expert colposcopists, and the missed diagnosis (0.06 vs 0.07, P = 0.002) and false positive (0.05 vs 0.08, P<0.001) were lower. Moreover, Dense-U-Net is more accurate in diagnosing the type III cervical transformation zone, which is difficult to diagnose by experts (P<0.001). The Dense-U-Net model also showed higher diagnostic accuracy for CIN3+ in an independent test set (P<0.001). To diagnose the same 870 test images, the Dense-U-Net system took 1.76 ± 0.09 min, while the expert, senior, and junior colposcopists took 716.3 ± 49.76, 892.1 ± 92.30, and 3034.7 ± 259.51 min, respectively. The study successfully built a reliable, quick, and effective Dense-U-Net model to assist with colposcopy examinations.

A competition model for prediction of admission scores of colleges and universities in Chinese college entrance examination.

Predicting the admission scores of colleges and universities is significant for high school graduates in the College Entrance Examination in China (which is also called “Gaokao” for short). The practice of parallel application for the students after Gaokao not only puts forward a question about how students could make the best of their scores and make the best choice, but also results in the strong competition among different colleges and universities, with the institutions all striving to admit high-performing students in this examination. However, existing prevailing prediction algorithms and models of the admission score of the colleges and universities based on machine learning methods do not take such competitive relationship into consideration, but simply make predictions for individual college or university, causing low predication accuracy and poor generalization capability. This paper intends to analyze such competitive relationship by extracting the important features (e.g., project, location and score discrepancy) of colleges and universities. A novel competition model incorporating the coarse clustering is thus proposed to make the predictions for colleges and universities in a same cluster. By using Gaokao data of Shanxi province in China from 2016 to 2019, we testify the proposed model in comparison with several benchmark methods. The experimental results show that the precision within the error of 3 points and 5 points are 7.3% and 2.8% higher respectively than the second-best algorithm. It has proven that the competition model has the capability to fit the competitive relationship, thus improving the predication accuracy to a large extent. Theoretically, the method proposed could provide a more advanced and comprehensive view about the analysis of factors that may influence the admission score of higher institutions. Practically, the model proposed with high accuracy could help the students make the best of their scores and apply for the college and universities more scientifically.

The Mathematical Culture in Test Items of National College Entrance Examination in China from 1978 to 2021

As one of the most important examinations in China, the National College Entrance Examination (commonly known as the Gaokao, hereafter denoted Gaokao) has a long history and has attracted attention from the Chinese educational community, among others. This study focused on mathematics test items of the Gaokao from the perspective of mathematical culture and examined the national papers (drafted by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China) of tests from 1978 to 2021 in order to investigate the content and time variation characteristics of mathematics test items reflecting mathematical culture since its restoration. A mathematical culture categorization conceptual framework was established based on previous studies and was applied to test item analysis. Mathematical culture in test items was classified using four categories: Historical Topics, Interdisciplinary Connections, Social Roles, and Aesthetics &amp; Recreation. These were used for data coding and analysis. The results showed that mathematical culture in the mathematics test items of the Gaokao over a 44-year period, in terms of content categories, was diverse but uneven in distribution, with greater focus on demonstrating the social roles of mathematics and less on the historical development of mathematical knowledge. Moreover, the average number of items with mathematical culture during this period was small and fluctuated over time. The content of topics related to social context and technology also changed over time with the distinct characteristics of the times and changes in society. This study provides empirical evidence on how mathematical culture is integrated into test items and how they have changed over time.

Carbon sinks/sources' spatiotemporal evolution in China and its response to built-up land expansion

Terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink examination in China still faces great uncertainties. Determinant analysis has focused on climate change but ignored the influence of fast urban expansion. Using remote sensing images, climate variable data, and high-resolution land use data, this research improved net ecosystem productivity (NEP) simulation model based on a large number of field observations, and investigated spatial-temporal changes of NEP. This research calculated the NEP loss caused by built-up land expansion and used geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between NEP growth and built-up land expansion. The results showed that China contributed a carbon sink of 0.33 Pg C per year from 2000 to 2020. Southern China had a greater capacity to sequester carbon than northern China. The carbon sink capacity of most Chinese regions increased. Built-up land expansion caused 4.95 Tg C of carbon sink loss per year, which was mainly concentrated in eastern China. In GWR model, 50.8% of regions showed negative correlations between NEP growth and built-up land expansion. These two variables were mostly positively correlated in the northwest and negatively correlated in the southeast. Consequently, this study suggests that maintaining the capacity of carbon sinks in southern provinces is important for China to meet its carbon neutrality goal.

Temperature and Migration Intention: Evidence from the Unified National Graduate Entrance Examination in China.

This paper estimates the impact of destination cities’ temperature on the migration intentions of highly educated talents. Using a unique manually collected dataset of applicants for the Unified National Graduate Entrance Examination (UNGEE) of double first-class universities in China, we find that both hot (over 25 °C) and cold (below 5 °C) days in the previous 3 months before the registration date significantly decrease the number of applicants for the UNGEE of double first-class universities, relative to a moderate (20–25 °C) day. Heterogeneity analysis shows that such effects differ by destination universities’ quality and climate regions. We also find that destination cities’ income level can mitigate the negative effects of hot days and cold days on the number of applicants. These findings add to the existent literature by examining an understudied relationship between temperature and migration intention.

How to Integrate the Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Senior High Schools with the College Entrance Examination in China— Localization research of Comprehensive Quality Evaluation in Senior High Schools from the Perspective of Sino-American Comparison

How to Integrate the Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Senior High Schools with the College Entrance Examination in China— Localization research of Comprehensive Quality Evaluation in Senior High Schools from the Perspective of Sino-American Comparison

Sex-Specific Risk Factors Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Individuals Undergoing Health Examinations in China.

PurposeHelicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancers. This study investigated sex-specific differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated factors among individuals undergoing hospital-based health examinations in southern China.MethodsThis study enrolled consecutive healthy individuals who underwent regular health examinations at a hospital physical examination center between September 2020 and September 2021. Anthropometric characteristics and biochemical profiles were measured. All individuals underwent carbon-13 urea breath tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the factors associated with H. pylori infection.ResultsA total of 5035 individuals (men, 59.1%; women, 40.9%) were included in the analyses. The total rate of H. pylori infection was 35.0% (men, 35.5%; women, 34.3%). In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified for H. pylori infections were high fasting blood glucose levels and blood pressure ≥160 mmHg in men and older age, high body mass index, and low albumin levels in women.ConclusionThese findings suggest that physicians must be aware of the metabolic factors associated with H. pylori infections in the Chinese population. Early detection of these factors and timely intervention are expected to reduce H. pylori infections and provide a theoretical basis for the primary prevention of several gastrointestinal diseases.

China’s Approach to International Law: From Traditional Westphalianism to Aggressive Instrumentalism in the Xi Jinping Era

Abstract China has been expanding its engagement with the international legal order for decades,1 yet its general approach to international law remains mysterious or at least hard to understand. This article provides a preliminary examination of China’s contemporary international legal stance. It argues that, although China has appeared to be a follower of the traditional Westphalianism, it is at heart an instrumentalist in terms of complying with international law. In the Xi Jinping era, China’s approach to international law can be characterized as ‘aggressive instrumentalism’, though Xi Jinping’s ‘Community of Shared Future for Mankind’ concept has arguably also demonstrated a certain degree of idealism.

Age Distribution of 4526 Surgically Excised Specimens of Eye Tumors by Histopathological Examination in China.

Cumulative evidence suggests that the risk of eye tumors varies among different age groups and populations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the age distribution of eye tumors in China. In this retrospective study, the age distribution of various types of eye tumors was analyzed on surgically excised and histologically confirmed specimens obtained from 4492 patients (4526 eyes), collected between 2001 and 2017. Of the 4526 specimens, 3156 eyes (69.7%) had benign eye tumors, while 1370 eyes (30.3%) had malignant tumors. The age-specific incidence of eye tumors was characterized by a bimodal distribution, one peak occurred at age 0-9 years (19.7%) and the other at 50-59 years (14.7%) of age. Malignant eyelid tumors were very rare under the age of 20 years, but increased to 78% of all eyelid tumors by the age of 70 years. Children aged 0-9 years old were 6.5 times as likely to have a malignant eye tumor (95% CI, 4.1-10.4) as those aged 10-19 years. The age-related variation of eye tumors was also observed in the top ten categories of both benign (p < 0.001) and malignant types (p = 0.001). These results showed that age is a major factor determining the type of eye tumor, confirmed by histopathological analysis.

An Analysis Model of Potential Topics in English Essays Based on Semantic Space

&lt;p&gt;With the reform of English examination in China in recent years, the automatic evaluation of English essays as subjective questions has always been the focus and difficulty of research. The existing automatic essay evaluation system (AEE) has obtained good feedback on the vocabulary, syntactic and other features of English essays, but there is still a problem of low accuracy in the analysis of potential topic in English essay. In order to solve this problem, this paper takes relational triples as the carrier to analyze the potential topics of English essays. By constructing the hierarchical topic trees hybrid semantic spaces to carry out topic clustering, distributed representation of topic relational triples and topic set extension in English essays. Then, based on the improved on-topic analysis algorithm in this paper, the paper analyzes the topic of English essay in multiple dimensions to obtain more abundant potential on-topic semantic information. The experiment results show that the proposed model can reduce the noise caused by non-topic words effectively, and improve the fine-grained topic semantic space in English essays, and the proposed model has better performance than the current methods of on-topic analysis in English esssays.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

One Country, Two Calendars: An Examination of China's A-Share Stock Market

One Country, Two Calendars: An Examination of China's A-Share Stock Market