EX Group Research Articles

Response To Exercise Training In Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Sinus Rhythm.

BACKGROUND: Exercise training has beneficial effects after implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation, especially when cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is present. However, most clinical results have been shown in patients with sinus rhythm (SR), whereas 1/3 of the patients with severe heart failure (HF) and left bundle branch block have atrial fibrillation (AF). PURPOSE: We evaluated the response of CRT patients stratified by the presence of AF engaged in High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) or in a group without adjunctive therapeutic. METHODS: Thirty-eight CRT patients (67.6 years; AF=16|SR=22) who had end-stage HF (left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEF = 25.98%) participated in a randomized controlled trial with an exercise group (EX; AF=7|SR=12) who underwent a supervised HIIT program at 90-95% peak heart rate twice a week for 6 months and a control group (CON; AF=9|SR=10) without exercise. Echocardiographic parameters, serum biochemical response, quality of life (QOL), exercise and functional capacities were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months. 2x2 repeated measures analysis of variance were used to detect differences between rhythmic etiology groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of AF and SR groups were similar (p>0.05). EX SR patients had maximized benefits in TNF-α levels (39.97%; p=0.03), LV Mass (LVM| 26.17%; p= 0.002) and marginally in VO2max (8.24%; p=0.09) compared to CON SR. No added benefits were found in EX AF compared to CON AF (p>0.05). Regarding EX groups only, analysis of the simple effects of TNF-α (14.5%; p=0.02), BNP (0.54%; p=0.03), LVEF (49.98%; p<0.001) and LVM (26.16%; p=0.001) showed an improvement, or a trends towards it (VO2max| 8.24%; p=0.08) but only in EX SR. NYHA class (50.0-61.1%; p<0.001) and QOL (45.38-51.78%; p<0.05) improved similarly in EX SR and EX AF. CONCLUSION: CRT patients with AF demonstrated blunted benefits from HIIT compared to SR. This suggests that evaluation of the impact of different rate or rhythm control strategies in CRT patients with AF is warranted.

Exercise during Short-Term and Long-Term Continuous Exposure to Hypoxia Exacerbates Sleep-Related Periodic Breathing.

Exposure to hypoxia elevates chemosensitivity, which can lead to periodic breathing. Exercise impacts gas exchange, altering chemosensitivity; however, interactions between sleep, exercise and chronic hypoxic exposure have not been examined. This study investigated whether exercise exacerbates sleep-related periodic breathing in hypoxia. Two experimental phases. Short-Term Phase: a laboratory controlled, group-design study in which 16 active, healthy men (age: 25 ± 3 y, height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m, mass: 74 ± 8 kg) were confined to a normobaric hypoxic environment (FIO2 = 0.139 ± 0.003, 4,000 m) for 10 days, after random assignment to a sedentary (control, CON) or cycle-exercise group (EX). Long-Term Phase: conducted at the Concordia Antarctic Research Station (3,800 m equivalent at the Equator) where 14 men (age: 36 ± 9 y, height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass: 75 ± 10 kg) lived for 12-14 months, continuously confined. Participants were stratified post hoc based on self-reported physical activity levels. We quantified apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and physical activity variables. Short-Term Phase: mean AHI scores were significantly elevated in the EX group compared to CON (Night1 = CON: 39 ± 51, EX: 91 ± 59; Night10 = CON: 32 ± 32, EX: 92 ± 48; P = 0.046). Long-Term Phase: AHI was correlated to mean exercise time (R(2) = 0.4857; P = 0.008) and the coefficient of variation in night oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2; R(2) = 0.3062; P = 0.049). Data indicate that exercise (physical activity) per se affects night SpO2 concentrations and AHI after a minimum of two bouts of moderate-intensity hypoxic exercise, while habitual physical activity in hypobaric hypoxic confinement affects breathing during sleep, up to 13+ months' duration.

Increased Muscle Mass after Resistance Exercise Training and Ingestion of Silkworm Pupae Powder (Bombyx mori L.) in ICR Mice

Edible insects are an interesting alternative global food resource. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ingestion of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae powder with and without resistance exercise training (isometric contraction training) increased muscle mass in ICR mice. To achieve this, 28 ICR mice were grouped into control (CON), resistance exercise training (EX), silkworm pupae powder ingested control (SP), and silkworm powder ingestion with resistance exercise training (SPEX) groups. The change in body weight ratio was significantly decreased in the EX and SPEX groups compared to the CON and SP groups. Total blood protein levels were the highest in SPEX mice compared to those in other groups. The albumin concentration increased only in the EX group. Blood GOT and GPT levels were not significantly affected. Changes in Akt and Gsk- protein expression were not significant but there was a tendency for Akt to increase and for Gsk- to increase following the ingestion of the powder. The size of the gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly in response to resistance exercise training only. Furthermore, the ingestion of silkworm pupae powder tended to increase muscle mass without significance. These results suggested that the ingestion of silkworm pupae powder with resistance exercise training might enhance muscle mass without hepatotoxicity. However, future study may be needed to obtained detailed results and practical suggestions.

Effects of whole-body vibration exercise on bone mineral content and density in thermally injured children

BackgroundLoss of bone mass, muscle mass, and strength leads to significant disability in severely burned children. We assessed the effects of exercise combined with whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone mass, lean mass (LM), and muscle strength in children recovering from burns. MethodsNineteen burned children (≥30% total body surface area [TBSA] burns) were randomly assigned to a 6-week exercise regimen either alone (EX; n=10) or in combination with a 6-week WBV training regimen (EX+WBV; n=9). WBV was performed concurrent to the exercise regimen for 5days/week on a vibrating platform. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry quantified bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and LM; knee extension strength was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry before and after training. Alpha was set at p<0.05. ResultsBoth groups were similar in age, height, weight, TBSA burned, and length of hospitalization. Whole-body LM increased in the EX group (p=0.041) and trended toward an increase in the EX+WBV group (p=0.055). On the other hand, there were decreases in leg BMC for both groups (EX, p=0.011; EX+WBV, p=0.047), and in leg BMD for only the EX group (EX, p<0.001; EX+WBV, p=0.26). Truncal BMC decreased in only the EX group (EX, p=0.009; EX+WBV, p=0.61), while BMD decreased in both groups (EX, p<0.001; EX+WBV group, p<0.001). Leg strength increased over time in the EX group (p<0.001) and the EX+WBV group (p<0.001; between-group p=0.31). ConclusionsExercise in combination with WBV may help attenuate regional bone loss in children recovering from burns. Studies are needed to determine the optimal magnitude, frequency, and duration of the vibration protocol, with attention to minimizing any potential interference with wound healing and graft closure.

Saffron supplementation ameliorates oxidative damage to sperm DNA following a 16-week low-to-intensive cycling training in male road cyclists

The effects of the natural food saffron (90 mg/d) on exercise induced sperm DNA damage, antioxidative and peroxidative biomarkers and seminological profile in male road cyclists were evaluated. Twenty-four healthy nonprofessional cyclists (aged 17–26 years) were randomly assigned to exercise + Saffron (EX + SAF, n = 12) and exercise (EX, n = 12) groups for an experimental period of 16 weeks. After the intervention, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive sperm cells and peroxidative biomarkers increased, while antioxidative biomarkers and seminological profile decreased in the EX group. These changes were significantly attenuated in the EX + SAF group. Moreover, for both groups the observed changes in peroxidative and antioxidative biomarkers could be correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with sperm DNA fragmentation. Saffron, rich in carotenoids, flavonoids and vitamins, is therefore a potentially potent functional food for preventing exercise-induced sperm DNA damage, at least in part, through optimizing oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and attenuation of oxidative stress.

The Preventive Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Weak Bones Caused by the Interaction of Exercise and Food Restriction in Young Female Rats During the Period from Acquiring Bone Mass to Maintaining Bone Mass.

Increasing calcium (Ca) intake is important for female athletes with a risk of weak bone caused by inadequate food intake. The aim of the present study was to examine the preventive effect of Ca supplementation on low bone strength in young female athletes with inadequate food intake, using the rats as an experimental model. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: the sedentary and ad libitum feeding group (SED), voluntary running exercise and ad libitum feeding group (EX), voluntary running exercise and 30% food restriction group (EX-FR), and a voluntary running exercise, 30% food-restricted and high-Ca diet group (EX-FR+Ca). To Ca supplementation, we used 1.2% Ca diet as "high-Ca diet" that contains two-fold Ca of normal Ca diet. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. As a result, the energy availability, internal organ weight, bone strength, bone mineral density, and Ca absorption in the EX-FR group were significantly lower than those in the EX group. The bone strength and Ca absorption in the EX-FR+Ca group were significantly higher than those in the EX-FR group. However, the bone strength in the EX-FR+Ca group did not reach that in the EX group. These results suggested that Ca supplementation had a positive effect on bone strength, but the effect was not sufficient to prevent lower bone strength caused by food restriction in young female athletes.

Carbohydrate supplementation attenuates decrement in performance in overtrained rats.

Carbohydrate ingestion at the end of a single exercise is recognized as delaying fatigue and accelerating recovery, but whether chronic ingestion can prevent overtraining during periods of intense training has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether carbohydrate supplementation minimizes overtraining in Wistar rats. The animals underwent 11 weeks of training (running) on a treadmill, and the last 3 weeks were designed to induce overtraining. One group was supplemented with carbohydrates (EX-CHO) (n = 13), 1 group had no supplementation (EX) (n = 10), and a third group remained inactive (C) (n = 9). Performance tests were given before training (Pr1) and at the 8th (Pr2) and 11th (Pr3) training week. Food intake, body weight, testosterone, cortisol, malondialdehyde, creatine kinase, and activities of the PI3-K, Akt-1, mTOR, and GSK-3 enzymes were measured. In the EX group, there was a significant 32.6% performance decrease at Pr3 when compared with Pr2. In addition, at protocol completion, the EX-CHO group had a greater gastrocnemius weight than did the C group (p = 0.02), which the EX group did not. Training caused anorexia, decreased testosterone (p = 0.001), and increased malondialdehyde (p = 0.009) in both exercise groups compared with the C group, with no influence of carbohydrate supplementation on these variables (p > 0.05). Compared with in the C group, the activity of Akt-1 was higher in the EX-CHO group but not in the EX group (p = 0.013). Carbohydrate supplementation promoted an attenuation in the performance decrement and maintained gastrocnemius muscle mass in animals that had undergone overtraining protocols, which was accompanied by increased activity of the Akt-1 molecular indicator.

Physical exercise affects the epigenetic programming of rat brain and modulates the adaptive response evoked by repeated restraint stress

Epigenetics has recently been linked to molecular adaptive responses evoked by physical exercise and stress. Herein we evaluated the effects of physical exercise on global DNA methylation and expression of the Dnmt1 gene in the rat brain and also verified its potential to modulate responses evoked by repeated restraint stress (RRS). Wistar rats were classified into the following experimental groups: (1) physically active (EX): animals submitted to swimming during postnatal days 53–78 (PND); (2) stress (ST): animals submitted to RRS during 75–79PND; (3) exercise-stress (EX-ST): animals submitted to swimming during 53–78PND and to RRS during 75–79PND, and (4) control (CTL): animals that were not submitted to intervention. Samples from the hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus were obtained at 79PND. The global DNA methylation profile was assessed using an ELISA-based method and the expression of Dnmt1 was evaluated by real-time PCR. Significantly increased methylation was observed in the hypothalamus of animals from the EX group in comparison to CTL. Comparative analysis involving the EX-ST and ST groups revealed increased global DNA methylation in the hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus of EX-ST, indicating the potential of physical exercise in modulating the responses evoked by RRS. Furthermore, decreased expression of the Dnmt1 gene was observed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of animals from the EX-ST group. In summary, our data indicate that physical exercise affects DNA methylation of the hypothalamus and might modulate epigenetic responses evoked by RRS in the hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus.

Treadmill Running Reverses Cognitive Declines due to Alzheimer Disease.

This study investigated the effect of treadmill running on cognitive declines in the early and advanced stages of Alzheimer disease (AD) in 3xTg-AD mice. At 4 months of age, 3xTg-AD mice (N = 24) were assigned to control (AD + CON, n = 12) or exercise (AD + EX, n = 12) group. At 24 months of age, 3xTg-AD mice (N = 16) were assigned to AD + CON (n = 8) or AD + EX (n = 8) group. The AD + EX mice were subjected to treadmill running for 12 wk. At each pathological stage, the background strain mice were included as wild-type control (WT + CON, n = 8-12). At the early stage of AD, 3xTg-AD mice had impaired short- and long-term memory based on Morris water maze along with higher cortical Aβ deposition, higher hippocampal and cortical tau pathology, and lower hippocampal and cortical PSD-95 and synaptophysin. A 12-wk treadmill running reversed the impaired cognitive declines and significantly improved the tau pathology along with suppression of the decreased PSD-95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus and cortex. At the advanced stage of AD, 3xTg-AD mice had impaired short- and long-term memory along with higher levels of Aβ deposition, soluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, tau pathology, and lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, PSD-95, and synaptophysin in the hippocampus and cortex. A 12-wk treadmill running reversed the impaired cognitive declines and significantly improved the Aβ and tau pathology along with suppression of the decreased synaptic proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus and cortex. The current findings suggest that treadmill running provides a nonpharmacological means to combat cognitive declines due to AD pathology.

Supervised physical exercise improves VO2max, quality of life, and health in early stage breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Breast cancer patients suffer impairment in cardiorespiratory fitness after treatment for primary disease, affecting patients' health and survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a pragmatic exercise intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness of breast cancer patients after primary treatment. Between February 2013 and December 2014, 94 women with early stage (I-III) breast cancer, 1-36 months post-chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were randomly assigned to an intervention program (EX) combining supervised aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 44) or usual care (CON) (n = 45) for 12 weeks. Primary study endpoint was VO2max. Secondary endpoints were muscle strength, shoulder range of motion, body composition, and quality of life (QoL). Assessments were undertaken at baseline, 12-week, and 6-month follow-ups. Eighty-nine patients aged 29-69 years were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. The EX group showed significant improvements in VO2max, muscle strength, percent fat, and lean mass (p ≤ 0.001 in all cases) and QoL compared with usual care (CON). Apart from body composition, improvements were maintained for the EX at 6-month follow-up. There were no adverse events during the testing or exercise intervention program. A combined exercise intervention produced considerable improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and quality of life in breast cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Importantly, most of these benefits were maintained 6 months after ceasing the supervised exercise intervention.

Attentional Focus Effects in Standing Long Jump Performance: Influence of a Broad and Narrow Internal Focus.

The content of instructions that strength coaches give can have a significant impact on how an athlete or client performs. Research on motor learning has shown an advantage of instructions focusing on the effects of movements (external focus) over those focusing on the movements themselves (internal focus) in the performance of motor skills. Internally focused cues are abundant in coaching, therefore the purpose of this study was to test whether some internally focused cues might be more helpful than others. Participants (68) were randomly assigned to either an external focus (EX), broad internal focus (B-IN), narrow internal focus (N-IN), or a control group (CON), and performed 5 standing long jumps. All groups were instructed that the goal was to jump as far as possible. In addition, the EX group was told to "jump as far past the start line as possible." The B-IN group was told to "use your legs." The N-IN group was told to "extend your knees as rapidly as possible," and the CON group received no additional instruction. An analysis of covariance showed that the EX group (198.09 ± 31.89 cm) jumped significantly farther than both the B-IN group (173.74 ± 35.36 cm), p = 0.010 and the N-IN group (178.53 ± 31.17 cm), p = 0.049, with no group different from the CON group. The results suggest that a broad internal focus is no more effective than a narrow internal focus, and that an external focus leads to the greatest jump distance. Strength and conditioning professionals should carefully word their instructions to induce an external focus of attention whenever possible.

The Interaction of Voluntary Running Exercise and Food Restriction Induces Low Bone Strength and Low Bone Mineral Density in Young Female Rats.

There is a concern that the combination of exercise with food intake reduction has a risk of reducing bone strength and bone mass in young female athletes. We examined the influence of the interaction of voluntary running exercise and food restriction on bone in young female rats. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: the sedentary and ad libitum feeding group (SED), voluntary running exercise and ad libitum feeding group (EX), sedentary and 30 % food restriction group (SED-FR), and voluntary running exercise and 30 % food restriction group (EX-FR). The experiment lasted 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was carried out by two-way analysis of variance with exercise and restriction as the between-subjects factors. As a result, there were significant interactions of running and restriction on energy availability, breaking force, breaking energy, and bone mineral density (BMD). Breaking force and energy in the EX group were significantly higher than in the SED group; breaking force and energy were significantly lower in the EX-FR group than in the EX group, and breaking force in the EX-FR group was significantly lower than that in the SED-FR group. BMD in the EX-FR group was significantly lower than in the EX and SED-FR groups. These results suggest that food restriction induced low bone strength in young female rats engaging in voluntary running exercise. Also, through the interaction of exercise and food restriction, voluntary running exercise combined food restriction, unlike ad libitum feeding conditions, induced low bone strength, and low BMD in young female rats.

Assessment of the effect of prolonged forced swimming on CD-1 mice sperm morphology with and without antioxidant supplementation

As physical exercise has been shown to negatively affect sperm morphology, this study was undertaken to assess the effect of a 3-min forced swimming protocol during 50 days, with and without administration of antioxidants [N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and trans-resveratrol], on sperm morphology in CD-1 mice. Forty-four 13-week-old CD-1 mice were randomly allocated to four different groups: mice not submitted to exercise, control group (CG), mice submitted to swimming without administration of antioxidants (EX), mice submitted to swimming that received trans-resveratrol supplementation [exercise group (EX)+Resv] and mice submitted to swimming exercise that received NAC supplementation (EX+NAC). The EX showed 30.5% of spermatozoa with normal morphology, showing significant differences with regard to the CG, which showed 58.5%. The groups receiving antioxidant supplements showed significantly higher percentages of spermatozoa with normal morphology in comparison with the EX group (EX+Resv: 64.1%, EX+NAC: 48.2%). The imposed model of forced swimming caused alterations in sperm morphology. The antioxidants employed seem to be suitable antioxidants for avoiding exercise-associated sperm morphology anomalies in prolonged forced swimming exercise. Trans-resveratrol has proven to be more efficient for this purpose.

Concurrent exercise on a gravity-independent device during simulated microgravity.

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of a high-intensity concurrent training program using a single gravity-independent device on maintaining skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity during short-term unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS). Nineteen subjects (10 males and 9 females; 21.0 ± 2.5 yr, 65.4 ± 12.2 kg) were separated into two groups: 1) 10-d ULLS only (n = 9) and 2) 10-d ULLS plus aerobic and resistance training (ULLS + EX, n = 10). Exercise was performed on a single gravity-independent Multi-Mode Exercise Device (M-MED) with alternating days of high-intensity interval aerobic training and maximal exertion resistance training. Aerobic capacity increased by 7% in ULLS + EX (P < 0.05). Knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor three-repetition maximum increased in the ULLS + EX group (P < 0.05), but this change was only different from ULLS in the plantar flexors (P < 0.05). Peak torque levels decreased with ULLS but were increased for the knee extensors and attenuated for the ankle plantar flexors with ULLS + EX (P < 0.05). A shift toward type IIx myosin heavy-chain mRNA occurred with ULLS and was reversed with ULLS + EX in the vastus lateralis (P < 0.05) but not the soleus. Myostatin and atrogin increased with ULLS in both the vastus lateralis and soleus, but this change was mitigated with ULLS + EX only in the vastus lateralis (P = 0.0551 for myostatin, P < 0.05 for atrogin). Citrate synthase was decreased in the soleus during ULLS but was increased with ULLS + EX (P < 0.05). These results indicate that an M-MED class countermeasure device appears to be effective at mitigating the deconditioning effects of microgravity simulated during a modified ULLS protocol.

Tu1639 EUS-Guided Fine Needle Tissue Acquisition Using a Nitinol Ultra Flex 19-Gauge Needle for Transduodenal Lesions: a Multicenter Prospective Study

Tu1639 EUS-Guided Fine Needle Tissue Acquisition Using a Nitinol Ultra Flex 19-Gauge Needle for Transduodenal Lesions: a Multicenter Prospective Study

The effect, moderators, and mediators of resistance and aerobic exercise on health-related quality of life in older long-term survivors of prostate cancer.

The current study examined effects, moderators (for whom), and mediators (working mechanisms) of 12 months of exercise on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older long-term survivors of prostate cancer. In total, 100 men aged 71.7 years (standard deviation, 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to 6 months of supervised aerobic and resistance exercise followed by 6 months of a home-based exercise maintenance program (EX group) or printed education material regarding physical activity for 12 months (PA group). Assessments took place at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to study the effects of EX versus PA on HRQoL at 6 and 12 months, adjusting for baseline HRQoL. The authors examined potential sociodemographic and clinical moderators by adding interaction terms, and potential physical and psychological mediators using the product-of-coefficients test. At 6 months, significant beneficial effects were found for global QoL, physical function, and social function in the EX group compared with the PA group. For physical function, beneficial effects were sustained at 12 months. Moderation analyses demonstrated larger effects of EX versus PA for patients who were married, started exercising sooner after their diagnosis, and previously used bisphosphonates. Changes in lower body functional performance significantly mediated the effect of EX on global QoL, physical function, and social function. No mediating effects on HRQoL were found for aerobic fitness, physical activity, fatigue, distress, or falls self-efficacy. Aerobic and resistance exercise appears to have beneficial effects on HRQoL among older, long-term survivors of prostate cancer. Effects were moderated by marital status, time since diagnosis, and use of bisphosphonates, and were mediated by lower body functional performance.

Effects of a 16-week Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight/Obese Latina Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract This randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the effects of a 16-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in overweight and obese Latina breast cancer survivors (LBCS). MetS is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and possibly cancer recurrence, and is defined by increased waist circumference (WC), elevated blood glucose (BG), high triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and elevated blood pressure (BP). Methods. Forty LBCS (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were recruited from the USC Lee Breast Clinic and Los Angeles County Hospitals. Participants were randomized to either the Control (CON; n = 20) or the Exercise (EX; n = 20) groups. Participants were tested for MetS outcomes including BP, WC, fasting levels of FBG, HDL, and TG at baseline, post-intervention, and 12-weeks post- intervention (EX group only). The EX group participated in aerobic and resistance exercise sessions 3 times a week for 16 weeks, supervised by an exercise specialist at the WHEL. Aerobic exercise included cycling, walking, or jogging at 65–85% heart rate maximum. Resistance exercise was performed in circuit-fashion with 3 sets of 10–15 repetitions including upper and lower body exercises at 65–70% 1-repetition maximum. The CON group was asked to maintain less than 120 min/week of exercise during the study period. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for statistically significant between-group differences in MetS. Results. There were no significant group differences in MetS between the EX and CON groups at baseline (P &amp;gt; 0.01). However, post-intervention, all MetS components were significantly lower in the EX group than the CON group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Further, in the EX group, MetS at 12-week post- intervention was not statistically different from post-intervention (P &amp;gt; 0.01). Conclusions. A 16-week supervised resistance and aerobic exercise intervention attenuated MetS in overweight and obese LBCS. Further, reductions in MetS components were maintained following the completion of the intervention, suggesting that the benefits of the intervention on MetS were sustainable in the absence of a supervised intervention.

MP52-02 REGENERATION OF RAT CORPUS CAVERNOSA TISSUE AFTER TRANSPLANTATION OF CD 133+ CELLS DERIVED FROM HUMAN BONE MARROW AND PLACEMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE GEL SPONGE SHEET.

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction/Andrology: Basic Research I1 Apr 2015MP52-02 REGENERATION OF RAT CORPUS CAVERNOSA TISSUE AFTER TRANSPLANTATION OF CD 133+ CELLS DERIVED FROM HUMAN BONE MARROW AND PLACEMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE GEL SPONGE SHEET. Shogo Inoue, Shunsuke Shinmei, Koichi Shoji, Mitsuru Kajiwara, Jun Teishima, and Akio Matsubara Shogo InoueShogo Inoue More articles by this author , Shunsuke ShinmeiShunsuke Shinmei More articles by this author , Koichi ShojiKoichi Shoji More articles by this author , Mitsuru KajiwaraMitsuru Kajiwara More articles by this author , Jun TeishimaJun Teishima More articles by this author , and Akio MatsubaraAkio Matsubara More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.1719AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Conditions, such as congenital anomalies, penile cancer, traumatic penile injury and some types of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), often require penile reconstruction. The objective of this study was to develop an easier regenerating technique of corpus cavernosa through transplanting human bone-marrow-derived CD133+ cells into a rat corpus cavernosa defect model. METHODS 2x2 mm squares of the right corpus cavernosa of 8-week-old male nude rats were excised. Alginate gel sponge sheets supplemented with 1x104 CD133+ cells derived from human bone marrow were then placed over the gaps on both sides (CD group). The same experiments were conducted on sham-operated rats (SH group), rats with only corpus cavernosa excision (EX group), and rats with alginate gel sheets placed on the injured corpus cavernosa (AL group). Functional and histological evaluations were carried out eight weeks later. We used anti α-smooth muscle actin as a primary antibody to detect vascular smooth muscle. We also used anti-S-100 protein as a primary antibody to detect neuron tissue, especially Schwann cells. In the AL and CD groups, four days after the corpus cavernosa were excised and an alginate gel sheet was placed over the corpus cavernosa stumps, the sheets on the only the right side of the corpus cavernosa were retrieved from three rats in each group. We carried out quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of the rat nerve growth factor (NGF) and rat vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the alginate gel sheets. RESULTS The mean intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure of the CD group (0.34258 ± 0.0831) was significantly higher than that of the EX group (0.0580 ± 0.0831; P = 0.0238) and similar to that of the SH group (0.37228 ± 0.1051; P = 0.8266). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed some venous-sinus-like structures without vascular smooth muscle and neuron tissues were regenerated in the CD group. The RT-PCR for the extracts from the alginate gel sponge sheets retrieved in the CD group revealed that qRT-PCR helped in determining the amounts of mRNA for rat NGF and rat VEGF to be significantly higher than those in the AL group (NGF: P = 0.0309, VEGF: P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of CD133+ cells accelerated the functional and histological recovery in this corpus cavernosa defect model. We believe CD133+ cell transplantation will be able to be applied to the treatment of penile regeneration or severe ED that is not responsive to PDE5 inhibitors. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e628 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Shogo Inoue More articles by this author Shunsuke Shinmei More articles by this author Koichi Shoji More articles by this author Mitsuru Kajiwara More articles by this author Jun Teishima More articles by this author Akio Matsubara More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Effects of different doses of leucine ingestion following eight weeks of resistance exercise on protein synthesis and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in rats.

[Purpose]This study was designed to determine the appropriate Leucine intake volume to obtain the effects of restoring damaged muscle through the synthesis of muscle proteins to increase skeletal muscle and improve exercise performance, and to achieve enhanced muscle hypertrophy.[Methods]To clarify the effects of leucine on skeletal muscle hypertrophy of SD rats, following eight weeks of resistance exercise (climbing ladder), the mass of the FHL (Flexor hallucis longus) was measured after extraction, after which change in the activity of muscle signaling proteins (PKB/Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1) was analyzed.[Results]The expressions of PKB/Akt, mTOR and p70S6K were increased in L5 (Leucine 50% administration group) compared with the control group (CON) and exercise group (Ex, exercise training group); EL1 (exercise + 10% leucine administration group) and EL5 (exercise + 50% Leucine administration) also exhibited increased expressions of PKB/Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K, while no difference between EL1 and EL5 were observed. No significant differences in 4EBP1 were found among any of the groups. In addition, there were no differences in FHL mass, while relative mass (FHL/body mass) was increased in the exercise group (Ex, EL1, EL5) compared with the control group. No differences were observed among the exercise groups.[Conclusion]The present study demonstrated that the relative body mass was increased in the EX group compared with the CON group, while no significant differences in muscle mass could be found among the groups. Even though some signaling proteins were increased, or some differences existed among groups, there were no differences in muscle mass between the leucine administration and exercise training combined with leucine administration groups in the present study.

Effect of low glycemic index food and postprandial exercise on blood glucose level, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity.

Low glycemic index (GI) food and postprandial exercise are non-drug therapies for improving postprandial hyperglycemia. The present randomized, crossover study investigated the effect of low GI food combined with postprandial exercise on postprandial blood glucose level, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. A total of 13 healthy subjects were each used in four experiments: i) rice only (control), ii) salad prior to rice (LGI), iii) exercise following rice (EX) and iv) salad prior to rice and exercise following rice (MIX). The blood glucose level, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were then measured. At 60 min after the meal, the blood glucose level was observed to be increased in the MIX group compared with that in the LGI group. Furthermore, at 180 min, the antioxidant capacity was found to be reduced in the MIX group compared with those of the LGI and EX groups. These findings suggest that low GI food combined with postprandial exercise does not improve postprandial hyperglycemia. It may be necessary to establish optimal timing and intensity when combining low GI food with postprandial exercise to improve postprandial hyperglycemia.