Evolutionary Status Research Articles

Abstract 4249: Establishment and analysis of patient-derived high-grade serous ovarian cancer organoids for disease modeling and drug testing

Abstract Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Majority of ovarian cancers belong to the subgroup of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). Its standard treatment is surgery and chemotherapy with platinum and taxane-based compounds, for which almost all patients become resistant. We have established a panel of patient derived 3-dimensional (3D) HGSC long-term tumor organoid cultures for personalized disease modeling, drug screening and evaluation of the efficiency of potential new treatments to be used in preclinical research. Methods: Tumor tissues or ascites from > 30 HGSC tumors were set up as long-term 3D organoid cultures (PDOs). RNA and whole genome sequencing was performed from the original tumors and from PDOs. Pluripotency and proliferation were assessed via high-throughput immunofluorescent detection of PAX8 and Ki67. Resistance towards standard treatment and response to additional selected drugs and drug combinations were evaluated in cell death and proliferation assays. Imaging and image-based quantifications were performed under 3D setup. PDOs were set up for in vivo drug testing in immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rgnull (NOG) mice. Summary: A set of HGSC PDOs of different longitudinal, prospective, and multiregional samples has been established representing the three evolutionary states of HGSC: evolving, maintaining and adaptive state. They are ready to be used as rational and effective models for studying drug interventions. Supportively, results of preclinical studies with PI3K inhibitor Alpelisib matched the published patient responses. Tumor evolutionary analysis based on data of longitudinal, prospective, and multiregional collected samples suggest further targetable pathways that can mediate chemotherapy resistance and pinpoint potential targets for drug intervention. Conclusion: Inhibition of these pathways with simultaneous targeting of other cellular functions, such as lysosomal-mediated cell death, may be highly effective alternative treatment option. 3D imaging and efficient image analysis are necessary tools to understand tumor organoid biology and drug responses to assist development and pre-clinical evaluation of new treatments. This study is a part of the DECIDER project (https://www.deciderproject.eu/, NCT04846933). Citation Format: Tuula Kallunki, Anna R. Lauridsen, Aikaterini Skorda, Alexandra Lahtinen, Marie L. Bay, Benita Rasmussen, Kaisa Huhtinen, Taru Muranen, Jaana Oikkonen, Johanna Hynninen, Sampsa Hautaniemi. Establishment and analysis of patient-derived high-grade serous ovarian cancer organoids for disease modeling and drug testing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4249.

A Self-consistent Data-driven Model for Determining Stellar Parameters from Optical and Near-infrared Spectra

Data-driven models, which apply machine learning to infer physical properties from large quantities of data, have become increasingly important for extracting stellar properties from spectra. In general, these methods have been applied to data in one wavelength regime or another. For example, APOGEE Net has been applied to near-IR spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)–V APOGEE survey to predict stellar parameters (T eff, log g, and [Fe/H]) for all stars with T eff from 3000 to 50,000 K, including pre-main-sequence stars, OB stars, main-sequence dwarfs, and red giants. The increasing number of large surveys across multiple wavelength regimes provides the opportunity to improve data-driven models through learning from multiple data sets at once. In SDSS-V, a number of spectra of stars will be observed not just with APOGEE in the near-IR, but also with BOSS in the optical regime. Here, we aim to develop a complementary model, BOSS Net, that will replicate the performance of APOGEE Net in these optical data through label transfer. We further improve the model by extending it to brown dwarfs, as well as white dwarfs, resulting in a comprehensive coverage between 1700 < T eff < 100,000 K and 0 < logg < 10, to ensure BOSS Net can reliably measure parameters of most of the commonly observed objects within this parameter space. We also update APOGEE Net to achieve a comparable performance in the near-IR regime. The resulting models provide a robust tool for measuring stellar evolutionary states, and, in turn, enable characterization of the star-forming history of the Galaxy.

ATOMDANCE: Kernel-based denoising and choreographic analysis for protein dynamic comparison

Comparative methods in molecular evolution and structural biology rely heavily upon the site-wise analysis of DNA sequence and protein structure, both static forms of information. However, it is widely accepted that protein function results from nanoscale nonrandom machine-like motions induced by evolutionarily conserved molecular interactions. Comparisons of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations conducted between homologous sites representative of different functional or mutational states can potentially identify local effects on binding interaction and protein evolution. In addition, comparisons of different (i.e., nonhomologous) sites within MD simulations could be employed to identify functional shifts in local time-coordinated dynamics indicative of logic gating within proteins. However, comparative MD analysis is challenged by the large fraction of protein motion caused by random thermal noise in the surrounding solvent. Therefore, properly denoised MD comparisons could reveal functional sites involving these machine-like dynamics with good accuracy. Here, we introduce ATOMDANCE, a user-interfaced suite of comparative machine learning-based denoising tools designed for identifying functional sites and the patterns of coordinated motion they can create within MD simulations. ATOMDANCE-maxDemon4.0 employs Gaussian kernel functions to compute site-wise maximum mean discrepancy between learned features of motion, thereby assessing denoised differences in the nonrandom motions between functional or evolutionary states (e.g., ligand bound versus unbound, wild-type versus mutant). ATOMDANCE-maxDemon4.0 also employs maximum mean discrepancy to analyze potential random amino acid replacements allowing for a site-wise test of neutral versus nonneutral evolution on the divergence of dynamic function in protein homologs. Finally, ATOMDANCE-Choreograph2.0 employs mixed-model analysis of variance and graph network to detect regions where time-synchronized shifts in dynamics occur. Here, we demonstrate ATOMDANCE’s utility for identifying key sites involved in dynamic responses during functional binding interactions involving DNA, small-molecule drugs, and virus-host recognition, as well as understanding shifts in global and local site coordination occurring during allosteric activation of a pathogenic protease.

Evolution of the WRKY Family in Angiosperms and Functional Diversity under Environmental Stress.

The transcription factor is an essential factor for regulating the responses of plants to external stimuli. The WRKY protein is a superfamily of plant transcription factors involved in response to various stresses (e.g., cold, heat, salt, drought, ions, pathogens, and insects). During angiosperm evolution, the number and function of WRKY transcription factors constantly change. After suffering from long-term environmental battering, plants of different evolutionary statuses ultimately retained different numbers of WRKY family members. The WRKY family of proteins is generally divided into three large categories of angiosperms, owing to their conserved domain and three-dimensional structures. The WRKY transcription factors mediate plant adaptation to various environments via participating in various biological pathways, such as ROS (reactive oxygen species) and hormone signaling pathways, further regulating plant enzyme systems, stomatal closure, and leaf shrinkage physiological responses. This article analyzed the evolution of the WRKY family in angiosperms and its functions in responding to various external environments, especially the function and evolution in Magnoliaceae plants. It helps to gain a deeper understanding of the evolution and functional diversity of the WRKY family and provides theoretical and experimental references for studying the molecular mechanisms of environmental stress.

System shift in rice: Processes and pathways of change in rice-based production systems of Southeast Asia

CONTEXTPredicting future production trends and associated land use and management practices requires an understanding of past changes in productivity and of pathways of evolving system configurations. We argue that rice systems' evolution reflects a process of adaptation to changing availabilities of production resources and the adoption of technological innovations and that differs by marginality/favorability of sites. Understanding past change trends and their determinants can help avoiding undesirable future developments and guide policy decisions for a sustained supply of rice. OBJECTIVEWe aimed to assess agronomic system change and practices, to quantify pathways of change and to identify likely drivers of but also possible risks or opportunities associated with observed patterns of agronomic system transformation in six representative lowland rice production environments in Asia. METHODSWe implemented a diachronic analysis (years 2000 vs. 2018) of rice production practices and yield attributes in 1024 households. We documented changes between 2000 and 2018 in lowland rice-based systems in six rice-growing environments in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia, differentiating marginal and favorable sites in irrigated and in rainfed environments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONFarmers' household attributes, resource endowment, rice yields, and key constraints differed among sites. We observed relatively low annual yield in marginal (2.2–3.0 t/ ha) than favorable (3.3–8.9 t/ ha) sites depending on countries and seasons. The farmers adopted intensification related agronomic practices has increased significantly between 2000 and 2018, especially in dry season (i.e., improved seeds by 28%, mechanical tillage by 52%, direct seeding by 21%, combined harvester by 62%). The marginality of climatic and edaphic conditions, the systems' evolutionary state in 2000, and differential pressures (policy environment), opportunities (technological change) and household attributes (resource endowment) determined the observed transition pathways across study sites. SIGNIFICANCEThe trends towards maximizing land use intensity (double or multiple cropping), converging in the emergence of high-input and highly mechanized (laborsaving) in irrigated, and diversified rotations in rainfed rice production systems may help to elucidate agricultural research needs and potentially predict the requirements for future sustainable intensification of rice-based systems. Additionally, we argue for a continued need for further mechanization of rice establishment, especially shifting from transplanting to direct seeding during dry and wet seasons, and of the rice harvest, especially during wet season under fully irrigated environments.

A Selection of 23 Bright Hypervelocity Gaia DR3 Stars

From the Gaia DR3 data twenty three bright hypervelocity stars that have Tycho catalogue numbers are presented. All these stars are of high galactic latitude and some may be galactic halo stars. All of them have accurate Gaia DR3 parallaxes and radial velocities. There is hardly any relevant literature on some of these stars. The Gaia DR3 astrophysical parameters of some of these stars indicate that they are of late spectral types and some are metal-poor. The astrophysical parameters are available for some of these stars in the literature but they differ from the Gaia DR3 results. Detailed chemical composition determination of these stars from an analysis of high resolution spectra is very much needed to further understand the evolutionary status and how these stars acquired such high radial velocities.

A Spectroscopic Hunt for Post-red Supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud. I. Preliminary Results

Yellow supergiants (YSGs) are rare and poorly understood, and studying them is critical to constraining massive star evolution. We obtained flux-calibrated Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle high-resolution spectra of 40 YSGs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC); this sample likely contains post-red supergiants. Fitting these data with ATLAS9 model atmospheres, we determined fundamental parameters for these stars. We measure the first spectroscopic luminosities for YSGs above 20 M ⊙, providing us a novel probe of the luminosity-to-mass ratio. Many stars in our sample appear to have anomalously high surface gravities, despite being confirmed LMC supergiants. We manually inspected our data finding evidence for binary companions and ongoing mass loss. Our work demonstrates the valuable role of high-resolution spectroscopy in interpreting the evolutionary status of cool supergiants.

The First Photometric Analysis of Two Low-mass-ratio Contact Binary Systems in TESS Survey

Low-mass-ratio (q) contact binary systems are progenitors of stellar mergers such as blue stragglers or fast-rotating FK Com stars. In this study, we present the first light curve analysis of two newly identified low mass-ratio contact binary systems, TIC 55007847 and TIC 63597006, that are identified from TESS. Both stars are classified as A-subtype contact binaries. We obtained the precise orbit periods for the two objects by using the O − C method, i.e., P = 0.6117108 day for TIC 55007847 and P = 0.7008995 day for TIC 63597006, and found an obvious periodic signal in the O − C curve of TIC 63597006. We suggest that the periodic signal comes from a third body. We further use the Markov chain Monte Carlo method with PHOEBE to derive the photometric solutions for the two binaries. The photometric solution for this object shows that the contribution of the third body is about 6%. Our analysis revealed that TIC 55007847 has an extremely low mass ratio of q = 0.08. By calculating the ratio of spin angular momentum to the orbital angular momentum J s/J o, we found that TIC 55007847 is very close to the instability threshold with J s/J o = 0.31, indicating that it may merge into a single, fast-rotating star in the future. For TIC 63597006, q = 0.14 and J s/J o = 0.15. This object is in a relatively stable evolutionary status at present.

The role of carbon in red giant spectro-seismology

ABSTRACT Although red clump stars function as reliable standard candles, their surface characteristics (i.e. Teff, log g, and [Fe/H]) overlap with those of red giant branch stars, which are not standard candles. Recent results have revealed that spectral features containing carbon (e.g. CN molecular bands) carry information correlating with the ‘gold-standard’ asteroseismic classifiers that distinguish red clump from red giant branch stars. However, the underlying astrophysical processes driving the correlation between these spectroscopic and asteroseismic quantities in red giants remain inadequately explored. This study aims to enhance our understanding of this ‘spectro-seismic’ effect by refining the list of key spectral features predicting red giant evolutionary state. In addition, we conduct further investigation into those key spectral features to probe the astrophysical processes driving this connection. We employ the data-driven The Cannon algorithm to analyse high-resolution (R ∼ 80 000) Veloce Rosso spectra from the Anglo-Australian Telescope for 301 red giant stars (where asteroseismic classifications from the TESS mission are known for 123 of the stars). The results highlight molecular spectroscopic features, particularly those containing carbon (e.g. CN), as the primary indicators of the evolutionary states of red giant stars. Furthermore, by investigating CN isotopic pairs (that is, 12C14N and 13C14N), we find suggestions of statistically significant differences in the reduced equivalent widths of such lines, suggesting that physical processes that change the surface abundances and isotopic ratios in red giant stars, such as deep mixing, are the driving forces of the ‘spectro-seismic’ connection of red giants.

The first two whole mitochondrial genomes for the genus Dactylis species: assembly and comparative genomics analysis

BackgroundOrchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), a perennial forage, has the advantages of rich leaves, high yield, and good quality and is one of the most significant forage for grassland animal husbandry and ecological management in southwest China. Mitochondrial (mt) genome is one of the major genetic systems in plants. Studying the mt genome of the genus Dactylis could provide more genetic information in addition to the nuclear genome project of the genus.ResultsIn this study, we sequenced and assembled two mitochondrial genomes of Dactylis species of D. glomerata (597, 281 bp) and D. aschersoniana (613, 769 bp), based on a combination of PacBio and Illumina. The gene content in the mitochondrial genome of D. aschersoniana is almost identical to the mitochondrial genome of D. glomerata, which contains 22–23 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 8 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and 30 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), while D. glomerata lacks the gene encoding the Ribosomal protein (rps1) and D. aschersoniana contains one pseudo gene (atp8). Twenty-three introns were found among eight of the 30 protein-coding genes, and introns of three genes (nad 1, nad2, and nad5) were trans-spliced in Dactylis aschersoniana. Further, our mitochondrial genome characteristics investigation of the genus Dactylis included codon usage, sequences repeats, RNA editing and selective pressure. The results showed that a large number of short repetitive sequences existed in the mitochondrial genome of D. aschersoniana, the size variation of two mitochondrial genomes is due largely to the presence of a large number of short repetitive sequences. We also identified 52–53 large fragments that were transferred from the chloroplast genome to the mitochondrial genome, and found that the similarity was more than 70%. ML and BI methods used in phylogenetic analysis revealed that the evolutionary status of the genus Dactylis.ConclusionsThus, this study reveals the significant rearrangements in the mt genomes of Pooideae species. The sequenced Dactylis mt genome can provide more genetic information and improve our evolutionary understanding of the mt genomes of gramineous plants.

Evidence for Evolved Stellar Binary Mergers in Observed B-type Blue Supergiants

Blue supergiants are the brightest stars in their host galaxies, and yet their evolutionary status has been a long-standing problem in stellar astrophysics. In this pioneering work, we present a large sample of 59 early B-type supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud with newly derived stellar parameters and identify the signatures of stars born from binary mergers among them. We simulate novel 1D merger models of binaries consisting of post main-sequence giants with helium-rich cores (primaries) and main-sequence companions (secondaries), and consider the effects of interaction of the secondary with the core of the primary along with the mixing induced by the merger in the envelope. Thereafter, the evolution of the newborn 17–43 M⊙ stars is followed until core-carbon depletion, close to their final pre-explosion stage. Unlike stars born alone with comparable masses, stars born from mergers of evolved binaries are blue throughout their core helium-burning phase and replicate the surface gravities and Hertzsprung–Russell diagram positions of most of our sample, thus indicating that B-type supergiants structurally resemble stars born from such mergers. Moreover, the large nitrogen-to-carbon and nitrogen-to-oxygen number ratios, coupled with helium enhancements exhibited by at least half our data sample, is uniquely reproduced by our merger models. Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence toward the important role of binary mergers in producing the currently observed population of blue supergiants in our Universe.

Many Roads Lead to Lithium: Formation Pathways For Lithium-rich Red Giants

Stellar models predict that lithium (Li) inside a star is destroyed during the first dredge-up phase, yet 1.2% of red giant stars are Li-rich. We aim to uncover possible origins of this population, by analyzing 1099 Li-rich giants (A(Li) ≥ 1.5) in GALAH DR3. To expose peculiar traits of Li-rich stars, we construct a reference sample of Li-normal (doppelgänger) stars with matched evolutionary state and fiducial iron-peak and alpha-process abundances ([Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe]). Comparing Li-rich and doppelgänger spectra reveals systematic differences in the Hα and Ca-triplet line profiles associated with the velocity broadening measurement. We also find twice as many Li-rich stars appear to be fast rotators (2% with v broad ≳ 20 km s−1) compared to doppelgängers. On average, Li-rich stars have higher abundances than their doppelgängers, for a subset of elements, and Li-rich stars at the base of RGB have higher mean s-process abundances (≥0.05 dex for Ba, Y, Zr), relative to their doppelgängers. External mass-transfer from intermediate-mass AGB companions could explain this signature. Additional companion analysis excludes binaries with mass ratios ≳0.5 at ≳7 au. Finally, we confirm a prevalence of Li-rich stars on the red clump that increases with lithium, which supports an evolutionary state mechanism for Li-enhancement. Multiple culprits, including binary spin-up and mass-transfer, are therefore likely mechanisms of Li-enrichment.

Integrating Fréchet distance and AI reveals the evolutionary trajectory and origin of SARS-CoV-2.

A genome, composed of a precisely ordered sequence of four nucleotides (ATCG), encompasses a multitude of specific genome features like AAA motif. Mutations occurring within a genome disrupt the sequential order and composition of these features, thereby influencing the evolutionary trajectories and yielding variants. The evolutionary relatedness between a variant and its ancestor can be estimated by assessing evolutionary distances across a spectrum of genome features. This study develops a novel, alignment-free algorithm that considers both the sequential order and composition of genome features, enabling computation of the Fréchet distance (Fr) across multiple genome features to quantify the evolutionary status of a variant. Integrating this algorithm with an artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) reveals the quantitative evolutionary trajectory and origin of SARS-CoV-2, a puzzle unsolved by alignment-based phylogenetics. The RNN generates the evolutionary trajectory from Fr data at two levels: genome sequence mutations and organism variants. At the genome sequence level, SARS-CoV-2 evolutionarily shortens its genome to enhance its infectious capacity. Mutating signature features, such as TTA and GCT, increases its infectious potential and drives its evolution. At the organism level, variants mutating a single biomarker possess low infectious potential. However, mutating multiple markers dramatically increases their infectious capacity, propelling the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 likely originates from mink coronavirus variants, with its origin trajectory traced as follows: mink, cat, tiger, mouse, hamster, dog, lion, gorilla, leopard, bat, and pangolin. Together, mutating multiple signature features and biomarkers delineates the evolutionary trajectory of mink-origin SARS-CoV-2, leading to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exploring the Gas-phase Metallicity Gradients of Star-forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon

We explore the relationships between the [O/H] gas-phase metallicity radial gradients and multiple galaxy properties for 238 star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z < 2.6 selected from the CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization survey with stellar mass 8.5<logM*/M⊙<10.5 . The gradients cover the range from −0.11 to 0.22 dex kpc−1, with the median value close to 0. We reconstruct the nonparametric star formation histories (SFHs) of the galaxies with spectral energy distribution modeling using Prospector with more than 40 photometric bands from the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, and ground-based facilities. In general, we find weak or no correlations between the metallicity gradients and most galaxy properties, including the mass-weighted age, recent star formation rate, dust attenuation, and morphology as quantified by both parametric and nonparametric diagnostics. We find a significant but moderate correlation between the gradients and the “evolutionary time,” a temporal metric that characterizes the evolutionary status of a galaxy, with flatter gradients observed in more evolved galaxies. Also, there is evidence that galaxies with multiple star formation episodes in their SFHs tend to develop more negative gas-phase metallicity gradients (higher [O/H] at the center). We conclude that gas kinematics, e.g., radial inflows and outflows, is likely an important process in setting the gas-phase metallicity gradients, in addition to the evolution of the SFH radial profile. Since the gradients are largely independent of the galaxies’ physical properties and only weakly dependent on their SFH, it would appear that the timescale of the gas kinematics is significantly shorter than the evolution of star formation.

The synchronic, diachronic cell as the holism of consciousness

The cell is both synchronic and diachronic, based on ontogeny and phylogeny, respectively. As experimental evidence for this holism, absent gravitational force, differentiated lung and bone cells devolve, losing their phenotypes, losing their evolutionary status, reverting to their nonlocal status. Thus, when evolution is seen as serial homeostasis, it is homologous with Quantum Entanglement as the nonlocal means of maintaining homeostatic balance between particles. This monadic perspective on consciousness is one-hundred and eighty degrees out of synch with the conventional way of thinking about consciousness as a diad, or mind and brain. There have been many attempts to explain consciousness, virtually all of them based on the brain as mind. The working hypothesis is that consciousness is a holism constituted by the unicell, the lipid cell membrane forming a barrier between inside and outside of the cell's environment as a topology. Conceptually, both the unicell and ‘two hands clapping’ are holisms, but because the cell is constituted by the ambiguity of negative entropy, and ‘one hand clapping’ requires two hands, they are both pseudo-holisms, constantly striving to be whole again. In the case of the cell, it is incomplete in the sense that there are factors in the ever-changing environment that can homeostatically complete it. That process results in biochemical modification of specific DNA codes in the egg or sperm so that the offspring is able to adapt in subsequent generations epigenetically. The opportunity to trace the evolution of the breath from humans to fish opens up to the further revelation of the interplay between evolution and geological change, tracing it back to invertebrates, sponges, and ultimately to unicellular organisms. And therein is evidence that the Cosmos itself ‘breathes’, providing the ultimate celestial fundament for this trail of holisms.

Genome-wide identification of histone lysine methyltransferases and their implications in the epigenetic regulation of eggshell formation-related genes in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis.

Epigenetic writers including DNA and histone lysine methyltransferases (DNMT and HKMT, respectively) play an initiative role in the differentiation and development of eukaryotic organisms through the spatiotemporal regulation of functional gene expressions. However, the epigenetic mechanisms have long been suspected in helminth parasites lacking the major DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a/3b. Very little information on the evolutionary status of the epigenetic tools and their role in regulating chromosomal genes is currently available in the parasitic trematodes. We previously suggested the probable role of a DNMT2-like protein (CsDNMT2) as a genuine epigenetic writer in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis. Here, we analyzed the phylogeny of HKMT subfamily members in the liver fluke and other platyhelminth species. The platyhelminth genomes examined conserved genes for the most of SET domain-containing HKMT and Disruptor of Telomeric Silencing 1 subfamilies, while some genes were expanded specifically in certain platyhelminth genomes. Related to the high gene dosages for HKMT activities covering differential but somewhat overlapping substrate specificities, variously methylated histones were recognized throughout the tissues/organs of C. sinensis adults. The temporal expressions of genes involved in eggshell formation were gradually decreased to their lowest levels proportionally to aging, whereas those of some epigenetic tool genes were re-boosted in the later adult stages of the parasite. Furthermore, these expression levels were significantly affected by treatment with DNMT and HKMT inhibitors. Our data strongly suggest that methylated histones are potent epigenetic markers that modulate the spatiotemporal expressions of C. sinensis genes, especially those involved in sexual reproduction.

Light curve analysis and evolutionary status of four newly identified short-period eclipsing binaries

We present the physical and orbital parameters of four short-period eclipsing W UMa systems: ZTFJ000030.44+391106.9\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ZTFJ000030.44 +391106.9$$\\end{document} (referred to as S1), ZTFJ000817.08+402532.1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ZTFJ000817.08+402532.1$$\\end{document} (referred to as S2), ZTFJ002158.44+252934.04\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ZTFJ002158.44+252934.04$$\\end{document} (referred to as S3), and ZTFJ003357.62+415747.8\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ZTFJ003357.62+415747.8$$\\end{document} (referred to as S4). The absolute parameters and evolutionary status of these systems are determined, and new times of minima are calculated. Additionally, we present the 3D fill-out configuration for each system. The four Systems exhibit moderate contact W UMa binary with a fill-out factor of 49%, 38%, 28%, and 51%, respectively. Comparing the systems’ periods, we observed a proportional relationship, where shorter periods correspond to lower fill-out factors, and longer periods were associated with higher fill-out factors. Based on the derived surface temperatures and mass ratios of the components, all systems are classified as A-type W UMa binaries. The obtained parameters in addition to a list of previously published data are then utilized to derive an updated Mass-Luminosity relation (M-L) for both A and W-type eclipsing W UMa systems. A comparison with previously published relations reveals that the majority of the EW systems lie between 0.2 and 2 Msun on the M-L diagram. Moreover, we discuss the dynamical evolutionary aspects and evolutionary status of the four components, along with their positions on the Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS) and Terminal Age Main Sequence (TAMS).

Light curve modeling of the two short period eclipsing binaries ATO J009.3383 + 34.2329 and CRTS J004004.7 + 385531

In this study, we present a detailed photometric analysis of two short-period eclipsing binary systems, ATOJ009.3383 + 34.2329 and CRTSJ004004.7 + 385531. The photometric data for our analysis was obtained from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) catalogue at gri filters and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) database. Based on our analysis, we classify both systems as W Uma-type binaries, with A-subtype. To estimate the physical and geometrical parameters of these systems, we employ the PHEOBE code. This results in two totally eclipsing systems with degree of inclination (i) of around 68 and 88 deg, respectively. The ATOJ009.3383 + 34.2329 indicates a low mass ratio (q) binary with q = 0.107, while CRTSJ004004.7 + 385531 exhibits a moderate q value of 0.545. A cool spot on the surface of the secondary star of CRTSJ004004.7 + 385531 with a 30% cooler atmosphere of the surrounding surface is detected. This is explained by magnetic activity on the surface of CRTSJ004004.7 + 385531. Our findings reveal overcontact fill-out factor f with 54 and 52% for ATOJ009.3383 + 34.2329 and CRTSJ004004.7 + 385531, respectively. In addition to the light curve modeling, we calculate new epochs and ephemeris for both binary systems. The absolute parameters for the two systems are estimated. Eventually, the systems’ evolutionary status along ZAMS and TAMS are discussed.

Winner-takes-all or competitive coexistence? Research on the co-opetition relationships between platform owners and complementors

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the coopetition relationships between platform owners and complementors in complementary product markets. Drawing on the coopetition theory, the authors examined the evolutionary trends of the coopetition relationships between platform owners and complementors and explore the main influence factors. Design/methodology/approach The authors used Lotka–Volterra model to analyze the coopetition relationship between platform owners and complementors, including the evolutionary trends as well as the results. Considering the feasibility of sample data collection, simulation is used to verify the effects of different factors on the evolution of coopetition relationships. Findings The results show that there are four possible results of the competition in the complementary products market. That comprises “winner-take-all for platform owners,” “winner-take-all for complementors,” “stable competitive coexistence” and “unstable competitive coexistence,” where “stable competitive coexistence” is the optimal evolutionary state. Moreover, the results of competitive evolution are determined by innovation subjects’ interaction parameters. However, the natural growth rate, the initial market benefits of the two innovators and the overall benefits of the complementary product markets influence the time to reach a steady state. Originality/value The study provides new insights into the entry of platform owners into complementary markets, and the findings highlight the fact that in complementary product markets, platform owners and complementors should seek “competitive coexistence” rather than “winner-takes-all.” Moreover, the authors also enrich the coopetition theory by revealing the core factors that influence the evolution of coopetition relationships, which further enhance the analysis of the evolutionary process of coopetition relationships.

Parameter Optimization of Friction Pendulum Bearings Based on the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm Considering the Overall Evolutionary Status

Improper design of friction pendulum bearings can lead to poor seismic reduction performance and may result in the failure of local vulnerable components. And the parameter design of friction pendulum bearings mainly relies on experience and verification calculations at present. This paper proposes an adaptive genetic algorithm considering the overall evolution state of the population, adjusting crossover and mutation probabilities adaptively based on individual fitness and population diversity. Compared to traditional algorithms, it exhibits better global search capabilities and convergence efficiency. Combining the improved genetic algorithm with finite element models, a parameter optimization method is proposed. The parameters of friction pendulum bearings are optimized. In response to the situation in this paper, the optimal friction coefficient of the friction pendulum bearing is determined to be 0.01 and the optimal equivalent radius is 3.3 m. This can provide a reference for the design of seismic isolation devices.