Evolutionary Logic Research Articles

The emergence and adoption of digitalization in the logistics and supply chain industry: an institutional perspective

PurposeDespite increasing interest in digital services and products, the emergence of digitalization in the logistics and supply chain (L&SC) industry has received little attention, in particular from organizational theorists. In response, taking an institutionalist view, the authors argue that the emergence and adoption of digitalization is a socially constructed phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThis paper shows how actor-level frameshifts contribute to an emergence of an overarching “digitalization logic” in the L&SC industry at the field level. Building on a longitudinal analysis of field actors' frames and logics, the authors track the development of digitalization over the last 60 years in the L&SC sector.FindingsThe authors classify specific time periods by key field-configuring events, describe the relevant frameshifts in each time period and present a process that explains how and why digitalization has emerged, been adopted and manifested itself in the L&SC industry.Originality/valueThe findings of the study provide insights about the evolution of a digitalization logic and thus advance the institutional view on digitalization in the L&SC industry.

Observaciones críticas al vigente marco legal de las sociedades cooperativas de Andalucía

El 23 de diciembre de 2011 se promulgó la Ley 14/2011 de Sociedades Cooperativas Andaluzas. Esta Ley, de tercera generación, tras las de 1985 y 1999, junto a su Reglamento de desarrollo aprobado por el Decreto 123/2014, configuran el marco legal de las cooperativas que desarrollen principalmente su actividad societaria en Andalucía, Comunidad Autónoma con mayor número de cooperativas de España. El nuevo marco legal fue concebido por el legislador andaluz como obligada adaptación a la lógica evolución del entorno económico y normativo en que se insertan las cooperativas, pero también explicada como necesaria reforma interna, como evolución del propio tipo societario. En ambas vertientes son numerosos e importantes los cambios que se introducen respecto a la legislación anterior, situándose además en vanguardia en cierta materia respecto al resto de leyes cooperativas autonómicas, lo que justifica la elaboración de un análisis crítico del contenido del nuevo marco legal de las cooperativas de Andalucía.
 Recibido: 29 mayo 2017Aceptado: 04 julio 2017

Research-Practice Partnerships in Education: Advancing an Evolutionary Logic of Systems Improvement

Over the past several decades, scholars have proposed a number of innovative approaches to bridging the research-practice divide. A relatively new approach involves the formation of research-practice partnerships (RPPs), long-term collaborations aimed at educational improvement and transformation through engagement with research, intentionally organized to connect diverse forms of expertise and to ensure that all partners have a say in the joint work. Th is paper develops the idea that RPPs have the potential to create sustainable change, if they are able to support the mutual learning of partners to change practice while continuously adapting to turbulent environments of schools. As an illustration, the paper describes the evolution of an RPP in Colorado (U.S.A.) from a relatively small group of people representing a university and school district focused on a single line of research to an ongoing enterprise linking multiple researchers and educators to multiple lines of work to transform science teaching and learning in the district.

Extensive non-redundancy in a recently duplicated developmental gene family

BackgroundIt has been proposed that recently duplicated genes are more likely to be redundant with one another compared to ancient paralogues. The evolutionary logic underpinning this idea is simple, as the assumption is that recently derived paralogous genes are more similar in sequence compared to members of ancient gene families. We set out to test this idea by using molecular phylogenetics and exploiting the genetic tractability of the model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, in studying the nematode-specific family of Hedgehog-related genes, the Warthogs. Hedgehog is one of a handful of signal transduction pathways that underpins the development of bilaterian animals. While having lost a bona fide Hedgehog gene, most nematodes have evolved an expanded repertoire of Hedgehog-related genes, ten of which reside within the Warthog family.ResultsWe have characterised their evolutionary origin and their roles in C. elegans and found that these genes have adopted new functions in aspects of post-embryonic development, including left–right asymmetry and cell fate determination, akin to the functions of their vertebrate counterparts. Analysis of various double and triple mutants of the Warthog family reveals that more recently derived paralogues are not redundant with one another, while a pair of divergent Warthogs do display redundancy with respect to their function in cuticle biosynthesis.ConclusionsWe have shown that newer members of taxon-restricted gene families are not always functionally redundant despite their recent inception, whereas much older paralogues can be, which is considered paradoxical according to the current framework in gene evolution.

Symmetric Prudence in New Definitions of Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Since the version of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting is revised, the interest in accounting concepts that are fundamental in financial reporting has been growing. The purpose of this article is to investigate the evolutionary logic of prudence in the definitions and recognition criteria of assets and liabilities, the causes and consequences of new changes in the Conceptual Framework of 2018. As a result, it was obtained that different interpretations of probability and asymmetric asset and liability identification caused the new changes. The reconciliation between the intentions of new asset and liabilities definitions and their correct understanding results has been illustrated. The new complication in defining obligation such as “no practical ability to avoid” was found. In conclusion, we constant the new definitions as the positive consequence from a psychological point of view, simplifying individuals judgments, as from a conceptual point of view, leading to the common understanding and improvements of qualitative characteristics of financial information. The direct evidence of conceptual improvement is symmetric prudence as support of financial statements’ fundamental qualitative characteristics – faithful representation.

INDOCYANINE GREEN FLUORESCENCE IMAGING IN ROBOTIC SURGERY: STATE OF ART, TIPS AND TRICKS IN CURRENT APPLICATIONS

Fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green is an emerging technology whose benefits are put in perspective. This article reports essential principles and approaches of intraoperative fluorescence in general surgery bringing familiarity to its practical usage. Our group describes possible pitfalls and provides tips and tricks for training surgeons making their attempts easier and reproducible during practice. This study overviews the most structured concepts, practical applications and its tricks in robotic fluorescence guided imaging surgery with indocyanine green. Possible pitfalls are emphasized and emerging fields of application are put in a perspective. Guided information and practical applications in several surgical fields are described for a safe and reproducible indocyanine green fluorescence imaging use. Robotic assisted surgery combined to fluorescence imaging technology represents a logical evolution in image guided surgery and technology familiarity with guided information may represent a wider and safer spectrum of use in surgeons' hands.

Improved Membrane Algorithm Under the Framework of P Systems to Solve Multimodal Multiobjective Problems

Multimodal multiobjective problems (MMOPs) exist in scientific research and practical projects, and their Pareto solution sets correspond to the same Pareto front. Existing evolutionary algorithms often fall into local optima when solving such problems, which usually leads to insufficient search solutions and their uneven distribution in the Pareto front. In this work, an improved membrane algorithm is proposed for solving MMOPs, which is based on the framework of P system. More specifically, the proposed algorithm employs three elements from P system: object, reaction rule, and membrane structure. The object is implemented by real number coding and represents a candidate solution to the optimization problem to be solved. The function of the reaction rule of the proposed algorithm is similar to the evolution operation of the evolutionary algorithm. It can evolve the object to obtain a better candidate solution set. The membrane structure is the evolutionary logic of the proposed algorithm. It consists of several membranes, each of which is an independent evolutionary unit. This structure is used to maintain the diversity of objects, so that it provides multiple Pareto sets as output. The effectiveness verification study was carried out in simulation experiments. The simulation results show that compared with other experimental algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a competitive advantage in solving all 22 multimodal benchmark test problems in CEC2019.

Economic Ideas of the Renaissance era: philosophical analysis

This article examines the economic views of the Renaissance philosophers. The socio-philosophical thought of this period raises the value and moral-ethical problems in economic sphere, as well as attempts to solve them. The subject of this research is the attitude towards the economic wealth of an individual and society. The goal is to reveal and structurize the economic ideas of the Renaissance philosophers. The relevance of this work lies in the overview of the philosophical concepts that reflect the economic ideas and value peculiarities of that time. Special attention is given to the development of foreign trade, which was accelerated by the Age of Discovery. The Renaissance era is complex phenomenon of human culture, where opens a new perspective upon articulation and solution of the old problems. For example, in discussing wealth and poverty, the philosophers raised the problem of social inequality, claiming the many people are poor not because they do not want to work, but because they were born to be poor. In this era, the bourgeois class, feudal lords and the highest royal nobility owned almost all lands, making it extremely difficult for ordinary people to become wealthy. This marked the “revolution” within the system of values, as well as in sociopolitical and economic spheres. Among the factors affecting the evolution of economic thought, the author indicates the problems of the development of economic activity and change in the subject area of economic tasks, both of which required a theoretical reflection. The author explores the solution of these tasks by different philosophers, as well as follows the evolution of the internal logic of economic views.

Analysis of Farmland Abandonment and Government Supervision Traps in China.

Farmland abandonment has become relatively common in rural China. In the context of food security, the Chinese government has introduced policies for farmland abandonment supervision, but the effect of these policies has proven to be marginal. By constructing an evolutionary game model, our research explores the evolutionary logic during the supervision of farmland abandonment by governments and rural households. The results indicate that low food yield and high opportunity costs are the leading causes of farmland abandonment. The probable punishment administered by the central government for dereliction is a major motivation for the local government to practice farmland abandonment supervision. The low supervision avoidance cost for rural households leads local governments and households to form collaborations to jointly cope with central government supervision. When this occurs, local governments’ supervision of farmland abandonment falls into a trap, as it leads to continued supervision practices that are costly and ineffective. Food security risk comes from the contradictory population and land resources demands. To improve food security while managing these contradictory demands, it is both necessary and feasible for the government to control population growth and focus on farmland protection, whereas it is unnecessary and unfeasible for the government to supervise whether or not farmland should be abandoned.

Axel Honneth: el conflicto social y los modos de la mirada. Apuntes para pensar el problema más allá del reconocimiento

In this paper we will address one of the forms that assume the social conflict, considering an everyday behavior: the look and the ways of representation that it produces. The beginning of our argumentation is marked by Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition. His contributions give a perspective that allow us to unite the analysis of socials struggles with the problem of the look. For this work we study how Honneth build an ethical approach about the look, from the ideas of recognition and inter-subjectivity. In that sense, practical behavior like social humiliation and social domination, materialized through the look, are read as the negative reverse of recognition. We seek to think the look inserted in the social conflict beyond recognition, because we defend the hypothesis that the notion of recognition, as proposed by Honneth, assumes normative assumptions that visualize conflict as oriented to the consolidation of a mediated understanding of one`s own personality and the self-affirmation of subject, as also assumes an evolutionary logic rationality. Once shown this, we will answer the question: how to understand/comprehend the problem of the look from a different perspective?

Understanding variation in women's sexual attitudes and behavior across sexual orientations: Evaluating three hypotheses

Although evolutionary logic has provided abundant insight into how differential biological costs, mating opportunities, and exposures to psychosocial stressors shape functional variation in mating behavior among heterosexual men and women, it is less clear how such factors influence behavior among those who do not identify as heterosexual. Here, we evaluate three evolutionarily-informed hypotheses proposed to explain variation in women's sexual attitudes and behavior across sexual orientations. A sample of 328 women (111 heterosexual, 75 lesbian, and 142 bisexual; ages 18–36) completed questionnaires assessing their current sexual permissiveness, past sexual behavior, and past alcohol use. Lesbian and bisexual women reported more risky sexual (and non-sexual) attitudes/intentions and behaviors than did heterosexual women. The observed differences were best explained by increased psychosocial stress experienced by sexual minority (versus heterosexual) women.

Symmetric Prudence in New Definitions of Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Since the version of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting is revised, the interest in accounting concepts that are fundamental in financial reporting has been growing. The purpose of this article is to investigate the evolutionary logic of prudence in the definitions and recognition criteria of assets and liabilities, the causes and consequences of new changes in the Conceptual Framework of 2018. As a result, it was obtained that different interpretations of probability and asymmetric asset and liability identification caused the new changes. The reconciliation between the intentions of new asset and liabilities definitions and their correct understanding results has been illustrated. A new complication in defining obligation such as “no practical ability to avoid” was found. In conclusion, we constant the new definitions as the positive consequence from a psychological point of view, simplifying individuals judgments, as from a conceptual point of view, leading to the common understanding and improvements of qualitative characteristics of financial information. The direct evidence of conceptual improvement is symmetric prudence as support of financial statements’ fundamental qualitative characteristics – faithful representation.

The Logical Evolution and Value Pursuit of the Winter Olympic Games

The emergence of the Winter Olympics reflects the degree of internationalization of the modern Olympic movement and its own development. The Winter Olympics began in 1924. As an important part of the modern Olympic movement, the Winter Olympics has been full of vitality since its establishment. It has played a positive role in spreading the Olympic spirit and fulfilling the Olympic responsibilities. Winter Olympic Games, the author of this paper the logic of the evolution and value appeal, on the basis of the literature on the winter Olympic Games theory to understand, and then from two aspects to elaborates the winter Olympic Games, then the paper analyzes the causes of the evolution of the winter Olympics, it is concluded that the main reason is that the participating countries gradually increasing, Has made a huge impact on the international stage.

What Is Organization? The Evolving Answer

Consider how much the organizations where you live, work, and play affect your life! In this short article, Dave Ulrich reviews the evolution of organizational logic, helping each of us to better appreciate our organizations and help them to deliver value.

РЕМЕЙК АРАБСКОЙ КАЛЛИГРАФИИ: КАЛЛИГРАФФИТИ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ГОРОДА

The informatization of everyday practices in the form of digital media and social networks has significantly influenced the artistic life of the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Traditional art and, in particular, Arabic calligraphy faced the problem of memorialization. The logical evolution of Arabic calligraphy was the direction that appeared in the depths of hurufiya – an aesthetic movement of the mid-twentieth century, which had a development in the Middle East and North Africa – and was called calligraffiti. The points of intersection of Arabic calligraphy and Western graffiti are explained from the point of view of the confrontation between traditionalism and postmodern ideas, using the example of theoretical research and the work of Hassan Massoudi, eL Seed, Karim Jabbari and other street artists. It is noted that today, thanks to the postmodern worldview, which has been clearly embodied in the artistic work of Middle Eastern and North African artists, a cultural remake and hybridization is being recorded in relation to Arabic calligraphy.

Enterprises and Ecosystems: Features’ Relational Analysis

The article deals with the analysis of the organizational and institutional differences between the enterprises and ecosystems given in relational key and with the use of four-typed system language of G.B.Kleiner, applied for description of institutions as well. Features of different business-ecosystems with indication of dominated characteristics are analyzed which are as follows: innovation-oriented industrial clusters as objective systems, technological platforms as environmental systems, networks as processed systems and business-incubators as projective systems. An evolutionary logic of the enterprise development is presented with accent on two aspects: existential (enterprises are treated as existing objects, legal entities, as a rule, entering into explicit contractual relations and/or practicing implicit relations within themselves) and transactional (mattered in inter-firm interactions or relations between existing or potential elements of hybrid structures). Other logic connects to networks, especially, innovative – principally non-hierarchical structures, relied on the information power provided by the new technological paradigm. It is confirmed that the main difference between competing and functioning in market environment enterprises and such acting in the frame of ecosystems is the studied in the paper enterprises form functional unity with all types of ecosystems, however with different degree of intensity of this unity connection.

Using Reproducible Data Visualizations to Augment Decision-Making During Suppression of Small Counts

IntroductionWhen reporting disease rates to the public, a health system must take precaution to protect released data from re-identification risks. While specific guidelines and methods vary across data systems and governances 1 , redaction of cells with small values is a key component in any approach for preparing data for public release. These preparations, when conducted manually, have proven to be arduous, time consuming, and prone to human error. Although finding a “small” value (e.g. “< 5 ” ) is straightforward, detecting conditions in which suppressed values could be recalculated from related cells involves human judgement.
 Objectives and ApproachGuided by the real-world objective to reports the rates of chronic diseases in British Columbia, we aimed to design a reproducible workflow that would augment human decision-making and offer a nimble quality control tool, approachable by epidemiologists without technical background. Our workflow (1) splits data into disease-by-year data frames of a specific form, (2) applies a sequence of algorithms trained to recognize conditions that made recalculation of suppressed values possible and (3) prints a graph for each case of suggested automatic redaction to be confirmed by a human.
 ResultsThe augmented suppression system was successfully integrated into the maintenance of Chronic Disease Dashboard, an online reporting tool of the Observatory for Population and Public Health designed to address the gap in surveillance of chronic diseases in British Columbia. Anticipating the evolution of suppression logic, we isolated the logical tests responsible for redaction and provided several options to vary the degree of preserved information.
 Conclusion / ImplicationsInstead of employing a complex generalizable solution, we make a case for organizing the procedure for small cell redaction as a data visualization task, allowing for straightforward quality control of suppression decision and thus more approachable to a non-technical audience, as well as for employing such learning devices as workflow maps and function dependency trees for structuring applied projects and ensuring their reproducibility.

MODEL-BASED COURSE DESIGN FOR EFFECTIVE BLENDED LEARNING APPROACHES

Abstract : Blended learning has come off, more or less, as the most logical and natural evolution of our learning systems. It suggests an elegant solution to the challenges of tailoring e-learning environment to face-to-face learning environment. It represents an opportunity to integrate the innovative and technological advances offered by online learning with the interaction and participation offered in the best of traditional learning. It can be supported and enhanced by using the wisdom and one-to-one interaction of personal coaches. Believe it or not, the relevance of the pedagogy used in relaying knowledge cannot be over-emphasised. Also, it has long been recognized that specialized delivery technologies can provide efficient and timely access to learning materials. A teacher handling face-to-face students might be able to discern when they are getting the message by their countenances or when they don’t seem to by their reactions. How would an e-learning teacher meet the needs of their students psychologically, morally, socially and even academically since they cannot see each other? That brought the needs for the blended knowledge of ensuring that there is a predefined method of transferring idea to online students in such a way that the needs of these students are met. This is to fill such gap. This research considered the following four stages as paramount to the development and practice of blended e-learning which was adapted from IBM 4-tier: learning from information, learning from interaction, learning from collaboration, and learning from collocation.

Are plastocyanin and ferredoxin specific electron carriers or generic redox capacitors? Classical and murburn perspectives on two photosynthetic proteins

In the light reaction of oxygenic photosynthesis, plastocyanin (PC) and ferredoxins (Fd) are small/diffusible redox-active proteins playing key roles in electron transfer/transport phenomena. In the Z-scheme mechanistic purview, they are considered as specific affinity binding-based electron-relay agents, linking the functions of Cytochrome b 6 f (Cyt. b6f), Photosystem I (PS I) and Fd:NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR). The murburn explanation for photolytic photophosphorylation deems PC/Fd as generic ‘redox capacitors’, temporally accepting and releasing one-electron equivalents in reaction milieu. Herein, we explore the two theories with respect to structural, distributional and functional aspects of PC/Fd. Amino acid residues located on the surface loci of key patches of PC/Fd vary in electrostatic/contour (topography) signatures. Crystal structures of four different complexes each of Cyt.f-PC and Fd-FNR show little conservation in the contact-surfaces, thereby discrediting ‘affinity binding-based electron transfers (ET)’ as an evolutionary logic. Further, thermodynamic and kinetic data of wildtype and mutant proteins interactions do not align with Z-scheme. Furthermore, micromolar physiological concentrations of PC and the non-conducive architecture of chloroplasts render the classical model untenable. In the murburn model, as PC is optional, the observation that plants lacking PC survive and grow is justified. Further, the low physiological concentration/distribution of PC in chloroplast lumen/stroma is supported by murburn equilibriums, as higher concentrations would limit electron transfers. Thus, structural evidence, interactive dynamics with redox partners and physiological distribution/role of PC/Fd support the murburn perspective that these proteins serve as generic redox-capacitors in chloroplasts. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Electrochemotherapy Using Doxorubicin and Nanosecond Electric Field Pulses: A Pilot in Vivo Study.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is frequently used for intertumoral drug delivery resulting in a well-known anticancer treatment—electrochemotherapy. However, electrochemotherapy is associated with microsecond range of electrical pulses, while nanosecond range electrochemotherapy is almost non-existent. In this work, we analyzed the feasibility of nanosecond range pulse bursts for successful doxorubicin-based electrochemotherapy in vivo. The conventional microsecond (1.4 kV/cm × 100 µs × 8) procedure was compared to the nanosecond (3.5 kV/cm × 800 ns × 250) non-thermal PEF-based treatment. As a model, Sp2/0 tumors were developed. Additionally, basic current and voltage measurements were performed to detect the characteristic conductivity-dependent patterns and to serve as an indicator of successful tumor permeabilization both in the nano and microsecond pulse range. It was shown that nano-electrochemotherapy can be the logical evolution of the currently established European Standard Operating Procedures for Electrochemotherapy (ESOPE) protocols, offering better energy control and equivalent treatment efficacy.