Evolutionary Economics Research Articles

Macro-economic evolutions during the COVID-19 health crisis – large versus small European countries

Abstract The COVID-19 crisis affected the global economy at unprecedented and unexpected levels. Practitioners and researchers are concerned about the economic consequences of the crisis and analyses of the economic impacts of the health crisis are required. The present paper had as main objective to analyze the economic evolution of European countries during the main years of the COVID-19 pandemics, respectively 2020 and 2021. The methodology used is based on descriptive statistics for a few macroeconomic indicators and for the evolution of the COVID-19 cases and also on statistics based on correlation between these indicators. The European countries were categorized in four groups according to geographical region and size and a few countries were selected for analysis from each group. The research revealed that the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak was large in all analyzed economies in respect to GDP evolution. Inflation seemed to be highly affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, both in terms of evolution of the indicator with increases in all countries, but also in terms of correlation with the number of COVID-19 cases in the case of Western European countries. CEE countries were more affected by the COVID-19 crisis in terms of inflation, compared to Western European countries.

A Routine-Based Theory of Routine Replication

Organizational routines have been investigated by scholars from two opposite perspectives: the first is rooted in the evolutionary economics of Nelson and Winter; the second relies on the reconceptualization of routines proposed by Feldman and Pentland. The main reason that has kept the perspectives separated concerns the issue of routine replication, which found space in the former while it remained in the shadows in the latter. Studies that have dealt with this issue offer many clues on the one or other form that replication can take. What is lacking is a routine-based theory of routine replication capable of comparing their different forms. The paper pursues this goal in two stages. First, routines are reconceptualized as repetitive, recognizable patterns of interdependent actions, connected with the external environment, guided by specific knowledge and involving multiple, interacting actors and artifacts. Then, this reconceptualization leads to a discussion of the issue of routine replication and its forms. This way of conceiving routines leads to developing an original and unitary theoretical framework covering the different forms of routine replication. What lends intra-organizational replication a greater replicability than inter-organizational replication is the presence of a template and of actors specialized in planning the replication process. In its serial and routinized form, intra-organizational replication can potentially reach the highest level of replicability. The same results can be achieved by the routine replication that underlies franchise systems. In the two forms of inter-organizational replication—spin-offs and employee mobility—the template is replaced by a weaker knowledge repository consisting of the memory of individuals who leave one organization and try to replicate its routines at another. The disadvantage deriving from the lack of a template can be contained when specific factors are present that facilitate the work of replication actors.

Augmenting Blockchain With Competition Law for a Sustainable Economic Evolution

Since its introduction, blockchain technology has been revered, ridiculed, dismissed, embraced, and presently has become too large to ignore, witnessing exponential growth. The obvious indicator of this growth is that research revolving around blockchain technology has already raised competition in the form of directed acyclic graphs and hashgraph, all of which fall under the umbrella of distributed ledger technology (DLT). Segueing on the back of visibly positive effects of competition, we arrive at the essence of our paper. We show that the current competition regimes around the world are inefficient at promoting and maintaining competition around the world, dominated by the behemoth technology enterprises that have successfully monopolized and monetized data, which is indubitably, one of the most important assets in today’s digital age. Data gathered from users fuels the algorithms, machine learning, and artificial intelligence programs employed by these tech giants, which further entrenches their monopolistic hold over cyberspace. Blockchain and DLTs, just like any other technology, pose new threats to the competition law regimes, while also allowing the authorities to utilize the technology themselves to explore new horizons involving smart contracts, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), Web 3.0, and enforce competition more effectively. In our paper, we briefly illustrate the challenges presented before the competition authorities by the assimilation of blockchain in the existing establishments, and how the competition authorities can themselves collude with blockchain stakeholders to take a holistic approach and establish a symbiotic relationship, which ensures that both, survive, prosper, and enhance consumer welfare.

Identity crisis and social dissociation in control societies

The article is devoted to the problem of the naming crisis of modern society. The sequences by which the social and cultural history of the West is ordered, represented by the evolution of economics, technology, religion, forms of capital and wealth, communications, following the technological acceleration of time, coexist with each other, compete for primacy, creating a society of atomized subjects who have ceased to understand their place in the history of society. This situation is described in the article as an identity crisis. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the gaps that have been discovered in attempts to identify society, which are the object of criticism. The article refers to the tradition of explanatory modeling of social interactions in terms of psychopathology and psychiatry. The crisis of the identity of society is illustrated through the images of madness in modern art culture. The article hypothesizes that there is an unspoken ban on naming a society associated with the crisis of capitalism in the transition from disciplinary societies to control societies. Culture's interest in insanity serves as an indicator of a social crisis. The evolution of cultural interest in the figure of a madman from a frightening "outcast" to an attractive "rebel" is shown. The article suggests the tasks of critical philosophy that coincide with the tasks of caring for social health. The idea of the need for the deprivation of mental illness is expressed. Mental health care is considered as a social task.

The Evolving Geopolitics of Economic Interdependence between the United States and China: Reflections on a Deteriorating Great-Power Relationship

executive summary: This essay explores why the U.S. and China have both come to adopt a more cautious view of globalization as their strategic frictions have intensified. main argument The U.S. and China were perhaps the two greatest beneficiaries of the phase of globalization that dated from roughly the mid-1970s to the 2008–9 global financial crisis. Now, however, each country assesses that a combination of intensifying domestic pressures and increasing external turbulence—in significant part the result of growing strategic frictions between the two states—is heightening the need for self-reliance. U.S.-China relations are poised to continue deteriorating as Washington and Beijing both take a dimmer view of their economic entanglement. That deterioration will shape but not dictate Asia's economic evolution. policy implications • The U.S. and China are both increasingly likely to see their economic interdependence not as a source of stability but as a vector of vulnerability. • Even so, the rhetoric around decoupling presently outpaces the reality; the U.S. and China will likely find it far more challenging to unwind their interdependence than they would like. • The extent to which the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework succeeds in shoring up U.S. economic competitiveness will be a crucial litmus test of Washington's staying power in Asia.

INDUSTRY 4.0 AND EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS

Bu çalışmada evrimci iktisat yaklaşımı kapsamında, teknolojik gelişme konusu ve içinde bulunduğumuz Endüstri 4.0: Akıllı Üretim-Dijital Ekonomi (E4.0) dönemi analiz edilmektedir. Analizde, değişim halinde bir olgu olan E4.0’ın kapitalizmin bütünsel işleyişi içinde nerede durduğunu göstermek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Birinci kısımda evrimci iktisadın teknoloji olgusuna dair yaklaşımı neo-klasik ve Marksist iktisatla karşılaştırmalı olarak mercek altına alınmaktadır. İkinci olarak ise Sanayi Devrimi’nden bugüne üretim organizasyonunda görülen teknolojik değişimlerin ortaya çıkardığı dört endüstri dönemi arasındaki her bir geçişin devrim olarak mı yoksa evrimsel bir süreç olarak mı ele alınmasının daha doğru olacağı tartışılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre E4.0 olgusu hem sadece teknik bir olgu olarak ele alındığında hem de büyüme ve sermaye birikimi ile olan ilişkisi üzerinden değerlendirildiğinde tıpkı kendinden önceki endüstri dönemleri gibi bir evrimsel süreç içinde ilerlediği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Testing The Resilience of Sharia Bank During Covid-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this study was to test the resilience of Islamic banks in Indonesia facing Covid-19 which has not shown humility. The resilience of financial institutions, including Islamic banks, is needed so that the stability of financial institutions can be maintained. Several macroprudential policies have been implemented. The research method uses quantitative methods with the Primary Component Analysis technique. The research model refers to the theory of economic evolution. There are stages of bank resilience, starting from the normal stage, persistence and adaptability. The data used was secondary data with data sources from the OJK for performance indicators of Islamic banks with a total of twenty provinces in Indonesia. Data related to the covid-19 pandemic uses data from covid19.go.id. Based on the results of the study, there was a decrease in bank resilience due to Covid-19 pandemic. West Java Province is the province with the highest relative bank resilience score compared to other provinces, with a resilience score of 6.35. Meanwhile, from the results of the KMO test and Bartlet's Test the research data is feasible to use with the KMO value of each normal scenario, persistence and adaptability are greater than 0.05 and Bartlet's Test is significantly (sig = 0.000).

Joseph Alois Schumpeter’s Theory of Economic Development and Social Change

Bu çalışma Joseph Schumpeter'in kapitalizm doğası, ekonomik mantığın arkasındaki itici güçler, sosyal-kurumsal yapılar, toplum ve birey ilişkisi, toplumsal ve ekonomik evrim kavramlarına düşünürün çalışmalarından doğru bir bakış içermektedir. Schumpeter'in ekonomik sosyolojisi, öncelikle ekonominin sosyal-kurumsal sistemin parçası olduğu ve ekonomiyi incelemenin nitelikli yolunun onu bu çerçeve içerisinde değerlendirmekten geçtiğini iddia etmektedir. Kurumsalcı iktisatçıların öncüsü diyebileceğimiz Schumpeter, ekonomik faaliyetleri, kurumları ve süreçleri ancak tarihsel olarak belirlenmiş bir düzlemden anlayabileceğimizi savunmaktadır. Schumpeter, iktisatçıların çoğundan farklı olarak, ekonomiyi sadece statik değil, dinamik bir açıdan analiz etmiştir. Bu nedenle Schumpeter, ekonomik gelişmelerin gelecekte nasıl bir şekil alacağını açıklarken, bireylerin ekonomik eylemleri, teknolojik yenilikler, sermayedar ve girişimcinin özelliklerini ve kurumları incelemiştir. Schumpeter'e göre girişimci, kapitalizmin dinamizmi ile yönetimsel kapitalizmin dev bürokratik yapısı arasındaki çatışmanın belirleyeni ve sistemin yıkıcı eyleyeni olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Schumpeter, değişim devam ettikçe, bireylerin değişimi başlatmasının giderek daha kolay hale geldiğini ve bireylerin girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin artık yüksek düzeyde liderliğe sahip belirli kişiler tarafından yapılması gerekmediğini savunmuştur. Schumpeter kapitalizmin yeni bir ekonomik düzene doğru evriminin, adı ne olursa olsun, zorunlu olarak bir tür sosyalizm olacağını öngörmüştür.

Main trends in the economic vocabulary evolution of the modern Ukrainian language (based on famous Ukrainian linguists scholarly works of the early XXI century)

Research rationale. In the modern world globalization processes affect the development of every sphere of Ukrainian society, including international politics, technical and military sector, education, science, sports, and of course economics. Due to various globalization processes, on one hand and nationalization processes on the other, Ukrainian vocabulary is actively extended with new words through various thematic groups as an open language system. The economic theme group of Ukrainian vocabulary has become especially rich over the last three decades. This fact of course constantly attracts the attention of modern linguists. Problem statement. More and more citizens of our country are involved in a variety of economic processes lately. This leads not only to the active acquisition of special and common economic terms by citizens, but also their modeling and reinterpretation. Along with vocabulary which is well-known only to a small circle of economists, commonly used economic lexis is actively formed. Such processes which are constantly studied by Ukrainian modern linguists always demand reenvisioning in the context of the integral development of Ukrainian vocabulary. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Dynamic lexis processes of the modern Ukrainian language have been actively studied by such well-known modern linguists as K. Horodenska, S. Yarmolenko, L. Lysychenko, O. Serbenska, and L. Struganets. Economic vocabulary of the modern language of the early XXIst century is the researches study object of such linguists as N. Klymenko, O. Styshov, M. Navalna, E. Karpilovskaya, L. Kislyuk. The purpose of the article is to analyze modern Ukrainian linguist’s researches and to find out leading trends in economic lexis of Ukrainian language at this level of development. Research methodology. The following methods of scientific research are used in the article: comparative analysis, benchmarking assessment, systematic approach, and synthesis. Work results. Ukrainian language principal trends of modern economic vocabulary have been analyzed in the article inspired by the works of famous Ukrainian linguists of the early XXIst century. Also there have been researched ways to enrich thematic economic group of the vocabulary. Conclusions. It is detected that the economic thematic group of Ukrainian lexis develops according to the following tendencies in the works of famous Ukrainian linguists: 1) globalization and autochthonization; 2) active assimilation by speakers of economic words with both direct and figurative meaning; 3) transfusion of special word-terms and commonly used lexical units in various spheres of communication, as in professional so in journalistic and colloquial.

Straightforward preparation of nickel selenide nanosheets supported on nickel foam as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

The development of economical, durable, and efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is essential for large-scale industrial water electrolysis. Here, a straightforward strategy is proposed to synthesize a series of nickel selenide nanosheets supported on nickel foam (NiSe2/NF) materials by directly selenizing nickel foam substrates at different temperatures under an inert atmosphere. When evaluated as electrocatalysts in OER, the optimal self-supported NiSe2/NF-350 shows an excellent performance in 1.0 M KOH medium with an overpotential of 458 mV at 100 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 45.8 mV dec−1, and a long-term stability for 36 h. Furthermore, the structural and compositional preservation for NiSe2/NF-350 after stability test was also verified by various characterizations.

Diversity and mechanisms of economic evolution

In the paper, we examine the relationship between the diversity of a competitive economy and the mechanisms that appear within economic development. We use the concept of transformation of the economic system to analyze innovation in the economy. A properly defined diversity function allows us to measure the diversity of the production system of a given economy as well as to relate the obtained value to certain properties of the mechanisms of economic evolution defined in the Hurwicz conceptual apparatus. We show that innovative mechanisms and eco-mechanisms can increase the diversity of the analyzed economic system. The conclusions are the results of mathematical theorems.

Applying spline-based phase analysis to macroeconomic dynamics

Abstract The article uses spline-based phase analysis to study the dynamics of a time series of low-frequency data on the values of a certain economic indicator. The approach includes two stages. At the first stage, the original series is approximated by a smooth twice-differentiable function. Natural cubic splines are used as an approximating function y y . Such splines have the smallest curvature over the observation interval compared to other possible functions that satisfy the choice criterion. At the second stage, a phase trajectory is constructed in ( t , y , y ′ ) \left(t,y,y^{\prime} ) -space, corresponding to the original time series, and a phase shadow as a projection of the phase trajectory onto the ( y , y ′ ) (y,y^{\prime} ) -plane. The approach is applied to the values of GDP indicators for the G7 countries. The interrelation between phase shadow loops and cycles of economic indicators evolution is shown. The study also discusses the features, limitations and prospects for the use of spline-based phase analysis.

EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMY AS A RESULT OF NONLINEAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM

The article is devoted to highlighting the peculiarities of the evolutionary economy. The characteristic features of evolutionary changes in the economic system are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the methodological principles of the development of complex systems. The position that the evolution of the economy and society is based on the laws of nonlinear development is substantiated. The peculiarities of the functioning of the modern economic system on the basis of instability and nonlinearity are revealed. It is emphasized that evolutionary economics is a relatively new direction of economic science, which considers economic processes as spontaneous, open, and irreversible, due to the interaction of external and internal factors. Signs of evolutionary economics from the standpoint of a nonlinear paradigm are also highlighted. The author proposes to study the evolution of the banking system from the standpoint of a nonlinear paradigm.

Influence of Account Receivable Management Practices on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises

The business enterprise sector has been known as a key supporter in the achievement of the economic evolution in the world at large nowadays. The small and medium scale enterprise in particular have attracted the attention of many governments in our world of today as a key source of employment and economic steadiness.Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the economic growth in Ghana. SMEs contribute to economic development in various ways: by creating employment for rural and urban growing labour force, providing desirable sustainability and innovation in the economy as a whole. The success or failure of new business is often dependent on overcoming a series of potential barriers, such as securing financial backing, adequate and appropriate guidance and training (Fielden et al, 2000). In line of these challenges, this paper sought to evaluate the influence of receivable management on performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana.This study adopted a descriptive design with cross sectional survey. According to Churchill (2011), cross sectional survey affords the researcher to capture the relevant information from almost all the key stakeholders within the SMEs across the Metropolis to be able to do a critical assessment. The study sought to collect data from the SMEs at one point in time and determine the impact of management accounting practices on financial performance of SMEs in in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The study established Receivable management practices were effectively followed by the selected SMEs, and there was a statistical significant effect of receivable management practices on firm performance.

The Impact of Debt Financing on Economic Growth

Aims: This paper focuses on the issue of the impact of debt financing on economic growth, especially the long-term economic growth in Morocco.
 Duration of Study: The public debt and economic growth evolution between 1984 and 2018.
 Methodology: In order to answer our research question, we adopt a positivist epistemology with a deductive methodological approach through an econometric modeling. An autoregressive model “VAR” was applied using the stationarity and co-integration’s tests and causality’s tests.
 Results: The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between public debt and economic growth in the period between 1984 and 2018. This is due to the good management strategy of the public debt and the good institutional governance. However, the level of the external public debt service has no significant impact on real growth rate.

Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Fruit Juice and Fruit Fermented Beverages and Their Consumer Acceptance

Recent social, economic, and technological evolutions have impacted consumption habits. The new consumer is more rational, more connected and demanding with products, more concerned with the management of the family budget, with the health, origin, and sustainability of food. The food industry over the last few years has shown remarkable technological and scientific evolution, with an impact on the development and innovation of new products using non-thermal processing. Non-thermal processing technologies involve methods by which fruit juices receive microbiological inactivation and enzymatic denaturation with or without the direct application of low heat, thereby lessening the adverse effects on the nutritional, bioactive, and flavor compounds of the treated fruit juices, extending their shelf-life. The recognition of the nutritional and protective values of fruit juices and fermented fruit beverages is evident and is attributed to the presence of different bioactive compounds, protecting against chronic and metabolic diseases. Fermentation maintains the fruit's safety, nutrition, and shelf life and the development of new products. This review aims to summarize the chemical and sensory characteristics of fruit juices and fermented fruit drinks, the fermentation process, its benefits, and its effects.

Online Food Delivery: An Overview and Bibliometric Analysis

Academic works on online food delivery so far have focused on the economic and social aspects of OFD. The economic interest and evolution of this activity sector contrasts with a scarce and fragmented approach from the academic perspective. This work intends to account for the existing literature on online food delivery through a descriptive and bibliometric mapping analysis. A bibliometric analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer, a platform for analysing bibliometric networks. The results show an increasing interest on the topic, that start booming in 2019. Sources that gather online food delivery articles usually belong to one of two kinds: 1) customer-related variables in tourism and hospitality and 2) business/management publications. Since it is an emerging research area, not many authors hold a distinguished position in terms of articles published, with leading authors holding no more than 4 articles. Analysing keyword co-occurrence we find differentiated thematic approaches: technological support and features of online food delivery, health issues related to food delivery, logistic chain of food delivery and a particular field of interest relating it to COVID-19.
 This work contributes to literature by outlining the different theoretical basis considered in OFD research, and providing practical implications for a variety of agents (suppliers, restaurants, retailers, etc.). Guidelines for future research are offered in this emerging and relevant field of interest.

Employment protection regimes and dismissal of members in worker cooperatives

In connection with the "Great Reset" literature in management and organizational theory, this article discusses human resource sustainability, employment stability, and layoffs in worker cooperatives, a unique organizational form in which employees are members holding residual control rights. Theoretical and empirical contributions show that worker control stabilizes employment better than investor ownership, opening the door to stronger employment protection. The paper leverages key theoretical insights from evolutionary economics and systems theory to discuss the benefits and critical elements associated with limiting member layoffs in worker cooperatives. While strong employment protection can lead to short-term inefficiencies and underperformance due to labour hoarding, imperfections in governance and control mechanisms, it can foster better accumulation and retention of firm-specific human capital and dynamic capabilities, thereby supporting long-term performance.

Thriving through turbulence: Lessons from marketing academia and marketing practice

Economic, environmental, social and digital (r)evolutions have fundamentally transformed marketing theory and marketing practice. We are confronted with new concepts, methodologies, approaches and findings, and it is often difficult to see the wood from the trees. The aim of this paper is (1) to provide a coherent overview of recent developments, including the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, and the increasing attention paid to climate change, social inequality and, as a consequence, the need for sustainable consumption, (2) to link these developments to insights from academic research and responses of managers as cited in business journals, and (3) to elaborate on the marketing capabilities needed to survive in the current turbulent environment.

Cleaner and safer disposal of electrolytic manganese residues in cement-based materials using direct electric curing

The direct stockpiling of electrolytic manganese residues (EMR) poses a major environmental issue, and more eco-friendly disposal is urgently needed. The combination of cement solidified waste (CSW) and direct electric curing (DEC) provides a potential solution for hazard-free value-added utilization of EMR. The effects of DEC voltages and EMR dosages on mechanical properties, hydrated products, pore structure of mixture were investigated. The influencing mechanism of DEC on the properties of cement hydration was explored in-depth using TG and XRD results. The environmental and economic evolution of DEC was analyzed, and the leaching test was conducted to evaluate the immobilization of heavy metals. Results indicate that cement-EMR pastes cured in higher DEC voltage and reduced EMR dosage increase mechanical strength and improve pore structure and capillary water absorption with respect to indoor curing (IC). The increased cement dosage improves the effectiveness of CSW, while the increased DEC voltage enhances the ionic driving force. The boosted ettringite formation occurs in system after introducing DEC and amplifying the DEC voltage. The improvement of ion concentration in DEC accelerates the formation of hydration products. The CO2-e per MPa (EIF) and cost per MPa (CIF) values of paste DMP-7 cured in 12V-DEC exhibit the lowest values with respect to those cured in other voltages and IC. The decrease in the leaching amount of Mn2+ and NH4+-N as the DEC voltage increases, and the 28-d leaching concentration of Mn2+ and NH4+-N in pastes are in accordance with the national standards. The application of DEC and cement-solidified disposal for EMR could provide a potential solution for high-value and large-capacity disposal of hazardous solid waste.