Evolutionary Economics Research Articles

La motorización de una agricultura atlántica y ganadera de pequeños propietarios: La difusión de tractores agrícolas en Galicia, 1939-2000

The motorisation and diffusion of agricultural tractors has often been explained from neoclassical approaches as a technological change typical of large-scale, wage-labour, cereal-oriented agriculture. However, in this article we analyse the diffusion of tractors in an Atlantic smallholding agricultural system that involved livestock and family labour in Galicia from 1939 to 2000. From an evolutionary economics approach, we examine technological change with special attention to the institutional context, the supply of tractors during the Franco dictatorship, the transition to democracy and the early decades of democracy in Galicia and throughout Spain. The documentation for this work comes from various sources, including the Archivo General de la Administración (AGA), the Rexistro Oficial de Maquinaria Agrícola (ROMA) of the four Galician provinces, and informative literature from agricultural journals and machinery companies in the Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE). We also analysed innovation and motorisation from a peasant economy approach by doing fieldwork consisting of semi-directed, open-ended interviews and consulting provincial and municipal archives. The main results point to the supply factor as a crucial element in the diffusion of tractors in Galicia and Spain from the 1960s onwards. However, micro analysis based on the peasant economy reveals how the logics behind the adoption of technological changes did not necessarily align with increasing immediate economic benefits, but reflected other cultural considerations such as prestige or reducing the perception of self-exploitation in family work.

La motorización de una agricultura atlántica y ganadera de pequeños propietarios: La difusión de tractores agrícolas en Galicia, 1939-2000

The motorisation and diffusion of agricultural tractors has often been explained from neoclassical approaches as a technological change typical of large-scale, wage-labour, cereal-oriented agriculture. However, in this article we analyse the diffusion of tractors in an Atlantic smallholding agricultural system that involved livestock and family labour in Galicia from 1939 to 2000. From an evolutionary economics approach, we examine technological change with special attention to the institutional context, the supply of tractors during the Franco dictatorship, the transition to democracy and the early decades of democracy in Galicia and throughout Spain. The documentation for this work comes from various sources, including the Archivo General de la Administración (AGA), the Rexistro Oficial de Maquinaria Agrícola (ROMA) of the four Galician provinces, and informative literature from agricultural journals and machinery companies in the Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE). We also analysed innovation and motorisation from a peasant economy approach by doing fieldwork consisting of semi-directed, open-ended interviews and consulting provincial and municipal archives. The main results point to the supply factor as a crucial element in the diffusion of tractors in Galicia and Spain from the 1960s onwards. However, micro analysis based on the peasant economy reveals how the logics behind the adoption of technological changes did not necessarily align with increasing immediate economic benefits, but reflected other cultural considerations such as prestige or reducing the perception of self-exploitation in family work.

Inter-organizational routine replication: Evidence from major football championships

We study the replication of organizational routines through key employee mobility in the context of major football championships. While discussed in the literature of evolutionary economics and in some management studies, this kind of routine replication lacks systematic empirical evidence. The empirical analysis exploits two related samples assembled from several web sources. Employing a combination of descriptive and econometric approaches we show that: 1) when a coach moves from one team to another, there is no significant difference between the routines he/she employs in the latter compared to the routines he/she employed in the former, and 2) when one team changes its coach, there is a significant change in the team routines.

Corporate governance in Ming & Qing China: evidence from Shanxi (Jin) merchants

ABSTRACT Shanxi (Jin) merchants are widely recognized as one of the most successful commercial groups in the Ming & Qing dynasties of China. They gradually built a unified and complete multi-level financial market which promoted the rapid development of early modern China’s finance sector and economy, and they hosted China’s premier financial center. Most accounts suggest their practices were of purely Chinese origin, and represent a remarkable case of parallel economic evolution with the West. This study argues that Shanxi merchants’ success is shown not only in their economic prosperity but also their impressive achievements in management. The success of Shanxi merchants should be attributed to their unique corporate governance model; specifically, their separation of ownership and management, professional manager system, use of personal shares, and joint shareholding system. We argue that their distinguished business ethics still have an extensive influence on China today.

A historical review on the Global evolution, benefits, challenges and performance of Cooperatives.

This review article discusses the economic history and evolution of cooperatives, as well as how they have changed the worldwide life of people and countries as a whole. Cooperatives originated in the United States and expanded to the United Kingdom, Italy, Denmark, Russia, and India before reaching Africa. They have been successful because to their simple formation method, exceptional governance ideals, and member unity. Researchers conducted a Historical Methodology evidence and interpretation study that included written, oral, and physical evidence, as well as primary and secondary sources, including unpublished information. Most women in poor nations lack access to education and productive resources, making it difficult for them to make a living and actively engage in socioeconomic and political circumstances. Africa as a whole is seeing a breakthrough by one of the "World's fastest-growing economic giants" in achieving gender equality and women's economic empowerment, which are Millennium Development Goals. This paper elaborates on the advantages of cooperative development, economic growth patterns and financial independence of women as shown by cooperatives. Global issues that must be addressed include fraud, illiteracy, small loans and the way ahead. As a result, the proposals to make cooperatives more efficient are: train, educate, and develop; monitor and assess performance; government action to lift up communities and build a world that is more equal and sustainable for everyone. Keywords. Global Evolution, Benefits, Performance and Challenges of Cooperatives

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Possible Convergence of Heterodox Associations

This article is a study on the possible common theoretical approaches shared by three heterodox associations-Association for Evolutionary Economics (AFEE), Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE), and Association for Social Economics (ASE). We analyze their closeness and potentially common approaches as reported in papers published by the associations’ main journals from 2010 to 2019. Using bibliometrics, the papers are analyzed in terms of convergent issues shared by these heterodox associations. Our article concludes, first, that building alternative approaches based on a criticism of both mainstream and New Institutional Economics is a possible point of convergence for AFEE, URPE, and ASE. Second, criticism of capitalism and studies on economic development could act as a convergence point for AFEE and URPE. Third, ASE seems to be more open to heterodox approaches than AFEE and URPE, and can make room for other convergence points. However, the ASE-AFEE and ASE-URPE dyads have not yet explored such opportunities for convergence.

The role of destructive mechanisms within economic evolution

This research is inspired by Joseph Schumpeter?s understanding of economic evolution. In his view, innovations promote economic development, whereas imitations promote the diffusion of innovations, leading the economy through a process that he defines as ?creative destruction?. A host of economists tend to agree on the importance and consequences of innovations and imitations within economic processes; however, opinions regarding creative destruction tend to differ. One view purports that creative destruction serves as a main variable, pushing the capitalist economic system toward equilibrium through imitation processes. A contrary view suggests that an equilibrium state actually promotes economic growth. Within this context, our research aims to model some mechanisms that may appear within economic evolution. Hurwicz?s concept of economic mechanisms is introduced in a modified Arrow-Debreu model, as a way of examining Schumpeter?s ideas on the role of creative destruction in economic processes that does not decrease the positions of agents. In relation to this, the present work suggests that it is indeed possible to design a mechanism that would transform the economic system under consideration toward a state of equilibrium, without making the positions of any agents worse off.

Financial Evolution and Interdisciplinary Research

This paper (summary of the second chapter of the manuscript “quantum dance”) talks about the multidimensionality of finance through evolution, philosophy with interdisciplinary features (interweaving of neuroscience, mathematics, quantum physics, biology and artificial intelligence). The path of global financial systems that is dependent on emergency infusions, which in medical terms means that the solution is in the operation of the system itself and perhaps a new global finance, quantum finance? (“Economists aren’t trained in money: just imagine the chaos if physicists weren’t trained in gravity”) and financial decision-making. Evolutionary ideas have a long history in the social sciences dating back to Malthus, who played an inspirational role for Darwin (Hodgson, 1993). Veblen (1898) coined the term “evolutionary economics” and began the systematic use of the evolutionary approach in the social sciences (Veblen, 1904). Schumpeter (1911) laid the foundations for evolutionary economics in the 20th century. A decisive role in the creation of the economic branch was played by the works of Alchian (1950), Boulding (1981), Downie (1958), D. Friedman (1998), M. Friedman (1953), Hodgson (1993, 2004), Penrose (1952), Nelson (2018) and Nelson and Winter (1982). The intertwined journey of market outcomes through various cultural traits, trait selection and mutation pressures at different frequencies along with psychological and cognitive bias, network structure, information asymmetry, information waves and institutional environment is the way to study and understand the evolutionary process and social interactions in financial markets (Hirshleifer D ., Shiller R.J., Farmer J.D., Lo A.W., Lo A.W., ). The cultural characteristics of culture and its frequency in its dynamics increase or decrease, changing through individual and social learning. Beliefs and behaviors lead to the transfer of social interactions and observation, implying that culturally transmitted investor ideas or folk models influence trading behaviors and price outcomes. Social finance is characterized by an explicit and broader examination of social transmission processes, cultural characteristics and evolutionary dynamics.

Теории инфляции: ортодоксальные модификации и гетеродоксальная альтернатива

Amid rising global inflation, traditional monetary policies face challenges, prompting a reevaluation of their theoretical foundations and a surge in interest in alternative perspectives. This article examines recent alterations to conventional inflation concepts, questioning the extent of their significance and exploring the potential of heterodox theories as viable contenders. A literature review highlights that within mainstream economics, emphasis has been on the vitality of the Phillips curve, its accurate specification, and broader adjustments to analytical and forecasting frameworks. While models and techniques have grown more sophisticated, the core idea of inflation as a temporary deviation from long-run equilibrium due to exogenous demand shocks remains unchanged. In contrast, heterodox schools present fundamentally different approaches. Post Keynesianism attributes inflation to supply-side factors and distributional conflicts between workers and firms, with institutional features playing a significant role. Latin-American structuralism emphasizes imbalances in peripheral economies. Both theories develop mathematical models that incorporate production and institutional factors, allowing for a wide range of country-specific inflation trajectories. However, they seem to miss universal regularities to some extent. Evolutionary economics and the long-waves theory conceptualize price dyna­mics as manifestations of non-linear self-organization within a complex economic system, borrowing me­thods from the natural sciences. However, despite its obvious potential, this approach is still in the early phases of development. In summary, heterodox schools are in the process of formulating coherent inflation theories that could potentially replace the mainstream paradigm. If they can achieve theoretical and methodological compatibility, these schools may complement each other, providing a more robust foundation for understanding inflation dynamics.

The Evaluation of Financial and Accounting Information, Influencing Factor in Optimizing Managerial Decisions

During the economic evolution, the functionality of accounting ranks it among the main information and decision support systems, being a presentation and modeling reference for an economic entity. Starting from the idea that accounting information represe

Evolution of retail in Russia

This study purpose was to investigate the historical evolution of trade in Russia, spanning three distinct periods: pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet eras. In the article authors analyzed the shifts and continuities in Russia’s trade landscape over time and understand how historical patterns influence contemporary trade dynamics. Authors used methods of data collection from primary sources, including archival research and economic statistics, supplemented by a review of scholarly literature. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to extract insights into trade practices, regulations, and economic conditions. The results reveal significant transitions, including the dominance of state-controlled trade during the Soviet era and the emergence of retail chains in recent years. Retail chains have evolved to assume distribution functions, blurring the lines between trade and production. In conclusion, this historical analysis elucidates the historical context of Russia’s trade practices, offering insights into its economic evolution. Understanding the impact of historical events on trade structures provides valuable perspectives for comprehending contemporary trade dynamics in Russia.

Disruption in the meat industry: new technologies in nonmeat substitutes

After World War II, consumer patterns of food consumption changed dramatically. Initially, it was mobility, economic evolution, and home appliance technologies that induced a shift toward meals eaten outside of the home and to ready-to-eat foods at home. More recently, health concerns and sustainability issues shifted consumer tastes among meat products and gave rise to a change in attitudes about raising animals for human consumption. On the supply side, new technologies in nonmeat production enabled new producers, most notably Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat, to enter as fringe competitors to vertically integrated, oligopolistic meat processors. Today, these nonmeat products represent a small, but growing, share of consumer expenditures at grocery stores, restaurants, and direct-to-consumer delivery channels. In this paper, we evaluate the disruption of the traditional meat industry through the lens of consumer spending trends and substitution among meat products and find that the development of alternative meat products is market-driven rather than policy-driven. Given these findings, we identify implications for product development and industrial organization.

Турбулентность хозяйственного развития: глобальные риски и неопределенность

The phenomenon of market economy is investigated in this article in the context of turbulence and global risks, fragmentation and uncertainty of economic prospects inherent in the modern stage of economic life evolution, which are caused by the unprecedented global sanctions policy, restraining the functioning and interaction of industries and institutions, financial and economic system, agricultural sector, world trade. In the process of carrying out the research and summarizing its scientific and practical results, alternative political and economic concepts and theories of the leading scientific schools and directions of modern economic science were used, the methodological tools of historical and economic (retrospective), inter-sectoral and system analysis were used. Particular attention is paid to global digital and innovative technological solutions in the context of their impact on the transformation of key industries and spheres of the market system of economy in the post-Soviet countries, achieving security, sustainable development and competitive advantages in a globalized world. As one of the summarizing conclusions, the conclusion is substantiated that the process of research aimed at identifying fundamental theoretical, methodological and practical priorities and imperatives inherent in the phenomenon of market economy is far from being exhausted and will certainly be continued by each generation of representatives of the world and Russian scientific economic community.

Regional Economic Linkages and Evolution along the New Western Land and Sea Corridor

In order to study the degree of economic linkages among western regions and promote coordinated development among regions. Based on the economic development of 13 regions in 2000, 2010 and 2019, the article uses a modified gravity model to measure the strength of economic linkages in each region, and then analyzes the economic network structure of the regions along the Western Land and Sea New Corridor from three aspects: network density, core-edge relationship and multidimensional centrality through social network analysis methods. The results show that, firstly, the amount of economic ties among the 13 regions along the Western Land and Sea Corridor is low, but the overall trend is one of rapid growth, and the regions are becoming more and more closely connected. Secondly, the density of linked networks in the 13 regions along the New Western Land and Sea Corridor is steadily increasing, with cities in the core and peripheral areas evolving and being influenced by national policies, and the phenomenon of multiple cores coming to the fore. Finally, the rise of non-core regions, the status of core regions is constantly diluted, and the unevenness of the structure of the economic linkage network is improved. And suggestions are made to promote the coordinated economic development between regions.

Electronic interaction of ruthenium species on bimetallic phosphide for superior electrocatalytic hydrogen generation.

The exploitation of high-performance electrocatalysts to achieve the economic electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significant in generating H2 fuel. Enhancing the activity of the carrier catalyst by modifying trace precious metals is one of the important strategies. Herein, a hybrid material is developed by incorporating trace Ru species into a bimetallic phosphide (NiCoP) matrix on nickel foam (NF), showing a superior catalytic activity for HER. The Ru-NiCoP/NF hybrid material has plenty of heterointerfaces, improved electronic interaction, and small interfacial charge transfer resistance, improving the reaction kinetics of the HER. Remarkable, the Ru-NiCoP/NF provides a low overpotential of 96 mV at the current density of 50 mA cm-2 and high stability in 1.0 M KOH solution presenting a promising potential for hydrogen production. In addition, the Ru-NiCoP/NF sample exhibits the highest TOF value of 0.54 s-1 at an overpotential of 100 mV, which outperforms the commercial Ru/C catalyst. This study offers a promising approach for the synthesis of other precious metal supported hybrid materials.

Alkali metal doped ruthenium dioxide nanosheets with lattice distortion as highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acidic media

Developing economic and acid-compatible oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is vital for their practical application in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers, which has drawn worldwide attention.

Using ICT in Printing: Economic Transformation, Evolution and Prospects

The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarities of the use of information and communication technologies in the printing industry; to substantiate the feasibility of technological transformation in terms of the prospects for economic development of the selected industry. Processing of primary data to provide the user with the necessary information is the main task of using information technology in the printing industry. Three main blocks – knowledge base, decision-making and intellectual interface – make up the structure of an intelligent printing system. In terms of decision-making, an intelligent printing system is defined as an information and computer system with artificial intelligence that solves problems without human intervention, in contrast to an intelligent system where the operator is involved in the decision-making process. The following types of intelligent systems are identified: intelligent information systems, expert printing systems, computational and logical systems, hybrid intelligent systems, reflex intelligent systems. It is noted that taking into account market trends, adapting to the environment and quickly adjusting their development strategy to occupy their niche in the market is important for the successful functioning of publishing and printing companies. According to the authors, this is possible based on using ICT in printing. Integrating modern technologies into the printing industry can positively influence efficiency and competitiveness. Adopting digital technologies will allow printing companies to be more flexible and respond quickly to changing market conditions, which is important for its development. In conclusion, it can be said that information and communication technologies have a great potential for the transformation of the printing industry in Ukraine. Companies will be able to automate and optimise production processes, reduce costs and improve product quality through the introduction of modern technologies. In addition, by introducing new print formats and creating specialised products for the digital market, the development of information technology will expand the range of services. According to the authors, this approach will help Ukrainian companies to compete internationally and take their products to new markets, helping to develop the whole industry. In addition, there will be a stimulus for innovation and the development of new services, which in turn will contribute to the growth of the industry as a whole

The Laws of Imitation and Invention: Gabriel Tarde and the Evolutionary Economics of Innovation

Gabriel Tarde was a French sociologist and criminologist whose work is rediscovered from time to time. Economists of innovation have paid insufficient attention to an author who devoted a large part of his work to the laws of imitation and invention. The purpose of this paper is threefold. The first is to give a succinct account of these laws of imitation and invention. The second is to re-examine and extend the debates on the similarities between Schumpeter and Tarde. The third and main purpose is to examine the similarities, hitherto unexplored to the best of our knowledge, between Tarde's work and contemporary neo-Schumpteterian and evolutionary theories.

Обґрунтування перспективних напрямів розвитку циркулярної економіки в Україні

The article determines that at the present stage of human development, the economy acquires the importance of a factor of direct impact on the natural environment, and that this situation has arisen as a result of economic development focused on meeting the needs of mankind under conditions of ignoring the need to ensure environmental neutrality of production and consumption, which, with the inconsistency of natural and economic resource cycles and limited natural resources, determines significant negative qualitative and structural changes in the environment. The article presents the results of a study on substantiation of promising directions for the development of the circular economy, where it is considered as a certain stage of economic evolution and an integral part of the real anthropogenic and natural resource cycles. The use of this approach along with the conceptual provisions of the circular economy contributed to the developing of: a system of defining features of certain types of economies; a cyclic-resource model of the anthropogenic environment; a complex of theoretical and methodological support for substantiating the directions of development of the circular economy. The peculiarities of the practical application of theoretical and methodological provision for the identification of promising directions for the development of the circular economy are disclosed on the example of solving the problem of reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment, namely carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere in Ukraine, by types of economic activity in compliance with other conceptual provisions and restrictions.

Структурные трансформации российской экономики под воздействием шоков и национальная экономическая безопасность

In the last decade, the economic development conditions have changed significantly. It gives us the right to say that a new period called post-normality has begun in global economic evolution. This transition is associated with the high volatility of economic development indicators and the emergence of new threats to national economic security. One way to counter them is to change the structure of the economy. The paper considers the influence of the dynamics of transitional (crisis) states on the economic system structure. The following statement was adopted as a research hypothesis: crisis manifestations in the national economy of Russia cause its structural restructuring. The author carried out the analysis of the dynamics of gross value added in general and by sectors of the Russian economy for the period from 2011 to 2022, during which three shocks (crises) caused by the Crimean sanctions (2014–2015), the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), and unprecedented anti-Russian sanctions (2022) were observed. The author calculated the correlation coefficients for the dynamics of total and sectoral output, which allowed identifying the economy sectors developing co-directionally, oppositely, and indifferently to the dynamics of total output. New and somewhat paradoxical results related to the division of the economy into these sectors were obtained, which require further analysis. In relation to shocks (crises) accompanied by a drop in gross value added in the Russian economy as a whole, the author calculated the coefficients characterizing structural shifts in the economy. As a result, the proposed hypothesis was confirmed. The observed macroeconomic shocks were accompanied each time by structural shifts: the specific shares of sectors in the Russian economy changed. Just the data for 2022 look unusual, which allowed making a forecast about the intensification of structural shifts with an annual lag in 2023. This forecast requires further verification as additional numerical data become available. At the same time, the author noted that structural changes in the Russian economy are not active enough, which requires the activation of the state structural economic policy.