Space Evolution Research Articles

Process control of chemical dynamic system based on multi-strategy mayfly optimization algorithm

Dynamic optimization problems exist widely in chemical industry, and its operational variables change with the evolution of both space and time. Therefore, dynamic optimization problems have important research significance and challenges. To solve this problem, a multi-strategy mayfly optimization algorithm (MMOA) combined with control variable parameterization method(CVP) is proposed in this paper. MMOA introduces three improvements on the basis of the original algorithm, namely, circle chaos crossover strategy, center wandering strategy and boundary correction strategy. The hybrid strategy can better balance the exploration and exploitation ability of the algorithm. Based on MATLAB simulation environment, MMOA was evaluated. The experimental results show that MMOA has excellent performance in solving precision, convergence speed and stability for the benchmark function. For the six classical chemical dynamic optimization problems, MMOA obtained the performance indexes of 0.61071, 0.4776, 0.57486, 0.73768, 0.11861 and 0.13307, respectively. Compared with the data in the previous literature, MMOA can obtain more accurate control trajectory and better performance indicators. It provides an effective way to solve the dynamic optimization problem.

Latent evolutionary signatures: a general framework for analysing music and cultural evolution.

Cultural processes of change bear many resemblances to biological evolution. The underlying units of non-biological evolution have, however, remained elusive, especially in the domain of music. Here, we introduce a general framework to jointly identify underlying units and their associated evolutionary processes. We model musical styles and principles of organization in dimensions such as harmony and form as following an evolutionary process. Furthermore, we propose that such processes can be identified by extracting latent evolutionary signatures from musical corpora, analogously to identifying mutational signatures in genomics. These signatures provide a latent embedding for each song or musical piece. We develop a deep generative architecture for our model, which can be viewed as a type of variational autoencoder with an evolutionary prior constraining the latent space; specifically, the embeddings for each song are tied together via an energy-based prior, which encourages songs close in evolutionary space to share similar representations. As illustration, we analyse songs from the McGill Billboard dataset. We find frequent chord transitions and formal repetition schemes and identify latent evolutionary signatures related to these features. Finally, we show that the latent evolutionary representations learned by our model outperform non-evolutionary representations in such tasks as period and genre prediction.

Characterization of the Time–Space Evolution of Acoustic Emissions from a Coal-like Material Composite Model and an Analysis of the Effect of the Dip Angle on the Bursting Tendency

Rock bursts pose a grievous risk to the health and lives of miners and to the industry. One factor that affects rock bursts is the dip angle of the coal seam. Because of the uniquely high gas content of the coal in a mine in Shanxi Province, China, coal specimens were obtained from this mine to produce coal–rock combination specimens and test the effects of various seam inclinations. Using a DYD-10 uniaxial compression system and a PCI-8 acoustic emission (AE) signal acquisition system, we investigated the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the burst tendency of specimens with different coal seam inclination angles (0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 35°, 40°, and 45°). Uniaxial pressure was applied to the specimens, and we found that, as the inclination angle increased, the coal–rock combination specimens exhibited structural damage and destabilization, which was attributed to the generation of an interface slip phenomenon. In all tests, the coal exhibited greater damage than the rock. There was an energy convergence at the coal–rock interlayer interface, which was the main carrier for the accumulated energy. The impact energy dissipation index is defined according to the energy dissipation properties of the loading process of coal–rock composites. As the inclination angle increased, the impact energy dissipation index, energy storage limit, compressive strength, elastic modulus, and other indexes gradually decreased. This effect was strongest where the angles were 40° and 45°. The indexes used to assess the impact propensity decreased to a notable degree at these angles, revealing that the burst tendency of coal–rock is curtailed as the inclination angle increases. The results of this research are of great importance to the early evaluation of mine burst risks and the sustainable development of coal utilization.

Upper limit on the acceleration of a quantum evolution in projective Hilbert space

It is remarkable that Heisenberg’s position-momentum uncertainty relation leads to the existence of a maximal acceleration for a physical particle in the context of a geometric reformulation of quantum mechanics. It is also known that the maximal acceleration of a quantum particle is related to the magnitude of the speed of transportation in projective Hilbert space. In this paper, inspired by the study of geometric aspects of quantum evolution by means of the notions of curvature and torsion, we derive an upper bound for the rate of change of the speed of transportation in an arbitrary finite-dimensional projective Hilbert space. The evolution of the physical system being in a pure quantum state is assumed to be governed by an arbitrary time-varying Hermitian Hamiltonian operator. Our derivation, in analogy to the inequalities obtained by L. D. Landau in the theory of fluctuations by means of general commutation relations of quantum-mechanical origin, relies upon a generalization of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation. We show that the acceleration squared of a quantum evolution in projective space is upper bounded by the variance of the temporal rate of change of the Hamiltonian operator. Moreover, focusing for illustrative purposes on the lower-dimensional case of a single spin qubit immersed in an arbitrarily time-varying magnetic field, we discuss the optimal geometric configuration of the magnetic field that yields maximal acceleration along with vanishing curvature and unit geodesic efficiency in projective Hilbert space. Finally, we comment on the consequences that our upper bound imposes on the limit at which one can perform fast manipulations of quantum systems to mitigate dissipative effects and/or obtain a target state in a shorter time.

On characterizing the evolution of embedding space of neural networks using algebraic topology

We study how the topology of feature embedding space changes as it passes through the layers of a well-trained deep neural network (DNN) through Betti numbers. Motivated by existing studies using simplicial complexes on shallow fully connected networks (FCN), we present an extended analysis using Cubical homology instead, with a variety of popular deep architectures and real image datasets. We demonstrate that as depth increases, a topologically complicated dataset is transformed into a simple one, resulting in Betti numbers attaining their lowest possible value. The rate of decay in topological complexity (as a metric) helps quantify the impact of architectural choices on the generalization ability. Interestingly from a representation learning perspective, we highlight several invariances such as topological invariance of (1) an architecture on similar datasets; (2) embedding space of a dataset for architectures of variable depth; (3) embedding space to input resolution/size, and (4) data sub-sampling. In order to further demonstrate the link between expressivity & the generalization capability of a network, we consider the task of ranking pre-trained models for downstream classification task (transfer learning). Compared to existing approaches, the proposed metric has a better correlation to the actually achievable accuracy via fine-tuning the pre-trained model.

From wolves to humans: oral microbiome resistance to transfer across mammalian hosts.

The mammalian mouth is colonized by complex microbial communities, adapted to specific niches, and in homeostasis with the host. Individual microbes interact metabolically and rely primarily on nutrients provided by the host, with which they have potentially co-evolved along the mammalian lineages. The oral environment is similar across mammals, but the diversity, specificity, and evolution of community structure in related or interacting mammals are little understood. Here, we compared the oral microbiomes of dogs with those of wild wolves and humans. In dogs, we found an increased microbial diversity relative to wolves, possibly related to the transition to omnivorous nutrition following domestication. This includes a larger diversity of Patescibacteria than previously reported in any other oral microbiota. The oral microbes are most distinct at bacterial species or strain levels, with few if any shared between humans and canids, while the close evolutionary relationship between wolves and dogs is reflected by numerous shared taxa. More taxa are shared at higher taxonomic levels including with humans, supporting their more ancestral common mammalian colonization followed by diversification. Phylogenies of selected oral bacterial lineages do not support stable human-dog microbial transfers but suggest diversification along mammalian lineages (apes and canids). Therefore, despite millennia of cohabitation and close interaction, the host and its native community controls and limits the assimilation of new microbes, even if closely related. Higher resolution metagenomic and microbial physiological studies, covering a larger mammalian diversity, should help understand how oral communities assemble, adapt, and interact with their hosts.IMPORTANCENumerous types of microbes colonize the mouth after birth and play important roles in maintaining oral health. When the microbiota-host homeostasis is perturbed, proliferation of some bacteria leads to diseases such as caries and periodontitis. Unlike the gut microbiome, the diversity of oral microbes across the mammalian evolutionary space is not understood. Our study compared the oral microbiomes of wild wolves, dogs, and apes (humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos), with the aim of identifying if microbes have been potentially exchanged between humans and dogs as a result of domestication and cohabitation. We found little if any evidence for such exchanges. The significance of our research is in finding that the oral microbiota and/or the host limit the acquisition of exogenous microbes, which is important in the context of natural exclusion of potential novel pathogens. We provide a framework for expanded higher-resolution studies across domestic and wild animals to understand resistance/resilience.

PERFORMANCE STYLE OF A CONTEMPORARY CHORAL CONDUCTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT ARTISTIC SPACE: FROM REHEARSAL TO MEDIA PRESENTATION

The article examines the performing style of contemporary choral conductors, including their typology and evolution in the modern artistic space. It explores the theoretical foundation and definitions of conducting styles and discusses the two main types: emotional and rationalistic. Additionally, it presents the perspectives of past conductors on the conducting process that remain relevant today. The skills of a conductor are evaluated by categorizing them into hard and soft skills. Hard skills include mastery of gesture, facial expression, general music theory preparation, and skills in analysing musical scores. Soft skills consider emotionality, charisma, and organizational abilities. The text traces the connection between the conductor's conducting style and their soft and hard skills. This study examines the impact of digital technologies on the role of choral conductors and the formation of conducting styles. It investigates the peculiarities of the rehearsal and concert process in remote music-making conditions, which are characterized by the asynchrony of the creative process. The study reveals the influence of asynchrony on the character and style of the conductor's work. It has been demonstrated that asynchronous performing processes can reduce feedback between the conductor and performers, resulting in aberrations in conducting style and a shift from managerial to decorative specificity.

Study of the evolution in space and time of water diffusion in a leaf through a sub-terahertz portable imaging system

Among the non-destructive techniques capable of obtaining information on biological systems even in vivo, terahertz-based techniques are emerging due to their specificity to the water content, which can represent an important indicator of the presence of microorganisms and, in general, of the health status, particularly in plants. Nevertheless, the analysis of the extracted data (especially for images) and the exploitation of the potential of the technique for the study of the complex phenomena that occur in living tissues are still almost unexplored fields. In this work, the hydration status of leaves both in vivo and ex vivo was monitored continuously and non-destructively by acquiring videos in the sub-terahertz range through a portable imaging system. A model for describing the water flow in space and time in the midvein of a leaf is obtained which is suitable for the analysis of the data extracted from the portable sub-terahertz imaging system. These results show that terahertz-based technology can be used to study biological phenomena even in vivo; moreover, they pave the way for the introduction of a general method for the analysis of terahertz data based on surface fits in space and in time as well.

Modeling stress-induced responses: plasticity in continuous state space and gradual clonal evolution.

Mathematical models of cancer and bacterial evolution have generally stemmed from a gene-centric framework, assuming clonal evolution via acquisition of resistance-conferring mutations and selection of their corresponding subpopulations. More recently, the role of phenotypic plasticity has been recognized and models accounting for phenotypic switching between discrete cell states (e.g., epithelial and mesenchymal) have been developed. However, seldom do models incorporate both plasticity and mutationally driven resistance, particularly when the state space is continuous and resistance evolves in a continuous fashion. In this paper, we develop a framework to model plastic and mutational mechanisms of acquiring resistance in a continuous gradual fashion. We use this framework to examine ways in which cancer and bacterial populations can respond to stress and consider implications for therapeutic strategies. Although we primarily discuss our framework in the context of cancer and bacteria, it applies broadly to any system capable of evolving via plasticity and genetic evolution.

The Role of Fintech in Transforming Traditional Financial Services

This research explores the role of Fintech in changing traditional financial services. With a focus on the transformation of the financial industry through technological innovation, this research explores the impact of Fintech in improving efficiency, accessibility and innovation. The literature review provides a clear understanding of key concepts, such as openness (Open Banking), financial security, operational efficiency, financial inclusivity, and user experience. Through a systematic literature review approach, this research investigates the implications of Fintech's transformation of traditional financial services and identifies emerging trends and challenges. Results and discussion include analysis of the impact of Fintech in improving financial services, solving existing problems, and providing a holistic perspective on paradigm shifts in the financial industry. The findings of this research contribute to a deep understanding of the evolution of Fintech and open space for further research in optimizing the benefits of financial technology for society and the global economy.

Mineral diagenesis in lacustrine organic-rich shales: Evolution pathways and implications for reservoir characteristics

Porosity in shale reservoirs is profoundly influenced by diagenetic processes that shape the evolution of pore space. In the Songliao Basin, the first member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) shale serves as a typical lacustrine clay-rich shale oil reservoir. It exhibits variable mineralogy and thermal maturity, with its reservoir quality strongly influenced by these variations. This study integrates microscopic observations, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), and organic petrology, with bulk rock investigations employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and elemental analysis, to reconstruct the diagenetic pathways leading to changes in porosity. The findings reveal that K2qn1 shale is primarily composed of extrabasinal grain assemblages, such as detrital quartz and clay minerals, with sedimentary organic matter mainly as lamalginite. As maturity exceeds 0.8 %Ro, the presence of authigenic clay minerals, primarily characterized by chlorite, becomes widespread, often associated with bitumen impregnation. Additionally, authigenic dolomite and pyrite form during the synsedimentary to early diagenetic stages. In immature to marginally mature stages (<0.6 % Ro), mechanical compaction is the primary factor leading to porosity reduction. Pores associated with organic matter become visible when maturity reaches the oil window (>0.7 % Ro). At the peak of hydrocarbon expulsion (approximately 1.2 % Ro), a high frequency of organic matter shrinkage pores at interfaces to clay minerals is present, likely playing a significant role in enhancing permeability. Although localized occurrences of dissolution and cementation can be observed, the development of these diagenetic processes is limited and exerts minimal influence on the physical properties of the bulk rock. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms governing diagenetic processes and reservoir evolution in markedly heterogeneous lacustrine shale, considering the diverse origins of grain assemblages.

A coevolutionary estimation of distribution algorithm based on dynamic differential grouping for mixed-variable optimization problems

The mixed variable optimization problems (MVOPs), which involves both continuous and discrete decision variables, are difficult to be solved due to the complex search space. Recently, many EA-based algorithms have been designed to address MVOPs. However, due to the mixed variables with different evolutionary operators and complex search space, it is difficult to handle the mixed variables effectively and the search efficiency cannot be guaranteed. How to solve MVOPs efficiently has been a challengeable issue. In this paper, we propose a mixed-variable optimization algorithm called coevolutionary estimation of distribution algorithm (CoEDAmv). First, a dynamic differential grouping (DDG) method is employed to improve the search efficiency of CoEDAmv, in which both the interaction of variables and search performance on the current search region are considered simultaneously. Second, two probabilistic models, i.e. fitness rank based continuous histogram (FRCH) and fitness rank based discrete histogram (FRDH), are proposed to handle continuous and discrete variables respectively, which can benefit from elite individuals obtained during the fitness ranking strategy and enhance the convergence performance with the elite neighborhood-based updating probability strategy. Compared with eight state-of-the-art algorithms, the experimental results on 28 artificial MVOPs show that CoEDAmv is effective and efficient.

Urban Network Hotspot Consumption Space Evolution Mechanism and Crowd Differentiation Analysis: A Case Study of Lushan South Road in Changsha City

With the prosperity of the tourism industry, foreign tourists and local university students have become the main users of the university town space. The two groups have a high degree of behavioral overlap but differ in motivation due to different psychological needs. Research on urban network hotspot space needs more exploration of small-scale road sections and coverage of spatial boundary perception, social media, and other factors in space formation and evolution mechanisms. Therefore, this study will take the consumption space with the strongest interweaving of the two groups as the starting point to explore the countermeasures for spatial boundary perception with the theoretical support of scene theory. It was found that various factors such as social media, tourist experience-oriented consumption psychology, and the perception of spatial boundaries by both tourists and students influenced the drastic change in urban hotspot consumption space. This study provides some reference for understanding and guiding the development of such areas.

EFFECTS OF ZEOLITE INCORPORATION AND INERT FILLERS ON THE CURING OF CEMENT MORTARS

One of the main approaches to reducing the environmental impacts of the construction industry is the use of mineral additives reducing the use of cement in mortars and concretes for construction. The objects of this research are different cement composites with high content of inert mineral fillers (marble and quartz sand), the influence of zeolite incorporation on the microstructure, and low water-cement ratio, obtained after the hydration of white portland cement.In this study, the evolution of the curing processes and the crystal formation during up to 120 days of water-curing are investigated. Moreover, the effects of replacing up to 10 wt. % of white cement with natural zeolite are studied. Attention was focused on the general microstructural development during curing with special attention on the evolution and morphology of pore space and the observed calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H), portlandite, and carbonate-containing phases.The phase composition (newly formed phases as well as the formation of C-S-H gel) is defined by using powder X-Ray diffraction and SEM. The experimental data shows that the cement composites with the inert marble filler as an additive lead to the creation of carbo-aluminates. The incorporation of up to 10 percent of clinoptilolite in concrete mixtures by mass of the total cementitious components is more efficient when used in lower strength mixes. A significant reduction in the workability of the fresh mortars is not observed, but the high surface area of zeolite reduces bleeding and accelerates setting without any strong effects on the other physical and technological properties of fresh mortars.

Espaciando el agua del interior para la ciudad de Argel (Argelia)

Of all the kinds of relationship, the one that links man with water is considered as profound and serious in geographical surveys. Yet in the past, the greatest threat to agriculture was a major problem, the attention of people is now captured by water in cities. The increasing need of water in Algiers is due to the growth of population and urbanism. On the other hand, there is a rise in water needs per capita. This problem didn't arise during the last decades, but today the situation is no longer the same. It's a considerable challenge for the capital Algiers, especially for the next generations. Using a geo-history method, which consists in studying the evolution of hinterland water space in time, we will direct our research towards the exposure of the influences exerted by the increase of water needs in the zone of study. The finality of the work is to identify the water resources around the Algiers City and that arises from the spacing of evolution hinterland water. We will obtain valuable information about the extension, the distance of the hinterland water supplier from the city of Algiers. The expected result of this work is to determine the hinterland which can be counted on to supply the city of Algiers with drinking water in the medium and long term. Finally, we can think of hydraulic planning and development based on the principles of sustainable development. This with the aim of proposing solutions to current problems and ensuring the needs of future generations.

Investigating the evolution of pore space and magnetization rate of rocks under the effect of coal fire burning

Investigating the evolution of pore space and magnetization rate of rocks under the effect of coal fire burning

Regional differences in the evolution of territorial space and its driving mechanisms in Chinese border areas

Regional differences in the evolution of territorial space and its driving mechanisms in Chinese border areas

Augmenting genetic algorithms with machine learning for inverse molecular design.

Evolutionary and machine learning methods have been successfully applied to the generation of molecules and materials exhibiting desired properties. The combination of these two paradigms in inverse design tasks can yield powerful methods that explore massive chemical spaces more efficiently, improving the quality of the generated compounds. However, such synergistic approaches are still an incipient area of research and appear underexplored in the literature. This perspective covers different ways of incorporating machine learning approaches into evolutionary learning frameworks, with the overall goal of increasing the optimization efficiency of genetic algorithms. In particular, machine learning surrogate models for faster fitness function evaluation, discriminator models to control population diversity on-the-fly, machine learning based crossover operations, and evolution in latent space are discussed. The further potential of these synergistic approaches in generative tasks is also assessed, outlining promising directions for future developments.

РОЛЬ ТРАНСГРАНИЧНЫХ МИГРАЦИЙ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ И ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ЭТНОКОНТАКТНЫХ ЗОН (ПРИМЕР РОССИЙСКО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОГО ПОРУБЕЖЬЯ)

The state border, as a rule, reflects the complex history of relations between the neighboring countries, which are based on a common cultural and political heritage. For centuries, on the territory of the Russian-Kazakh transborder region was being formed a single socio-economic, infrastructural, and ethnocultural space, which was divided by a political border at the end of the 20th century. This study aims to analyze the impact of migration processes in the Russian-Kazakh trans-border region on the transformation of the geospace of the neighboring states under the influence of historical, geographical, and other factors. The object of the present study are ethnic-contact zones (ECZs). Their formation reflects the general evolution of the ethnocultural space at various historical stages. The ethnocultural similarity between migrants and the autochthonous population is the result of the general complex ethnic structure of the population and intensive interethnic contacts during the 16th – 20th centuries. Thus, in the border areas on both sides of the border, traditional Kazakh culture was greatly transformed, it acquired a great similarity with Russian culture and underwent Westernization. Currently, the situation is changing toward the revival of culture and traditions of the Kazakh population in Kazakhstan. The problem for the population of the Russian border regions is that the culture and mentality of immigrants are becoming increasingly different. This situation complicates intercultural relations and requires a reasonable migration policy and cultural regional policy. Among the geographical consequences of migrations in the 21st century, in addition to the change in the ethnic composition, Kazakhization of the population of Kazakhstan, and the formation of new ECZs in Russia, there is observed a decrease in the population density in Kazakh regions bordering Russia. An analysis of statistical data for the period from 2013 to 2023 showed a decrease in the population of the border regions of Russia and Kazakhstan, with the exception of Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Atyrau, Aktobe and West Kazakhstan regions, and the Altai Republic. The study has discovered that migrant flows to Russia significantly exceed reverse ones. They are mainly intellectual elite and qualified personnel who leave Kazakhstan. In the structure of immigrants from Kazakhstan, a significant part is young people, who, in the overwhelming majority of cases, go to Russia to study and often do not return. However, an increase in the number of Kazakhstan’s citizens who do not know the Russian language slows down these processes. Border regions of Russia often serve as ‘transshipment bases’ for migrants who rush to more attractive areas.

Российская история в зеркале геральдики

In 2022, a team of specialists in the field of special historical disciplines completed the research stage of work on the project of the fundamental generalizing publication "Russian Heraldry: Encyclopedia", which was highly appreciated by the RFBR expert community.&#x0D; Methodically, the project is based on micro- and macro-historical approaches to the study of the past that are fundamental for modern science. In this case, the micro–level is realized through the analysis of the genesis, iconographic evolution and semantics of the heraldic space, and the macro-historical – through their integration into the context of the main historical events and processes. The heraldic history of the country is presented as a complex, multidimensional process caused by a combination of political, social, cultural and other factors. The encyclopedia is a complete body of knowledge about Russian heraldry, contains articles on the theoretical concepts of this discipline, special terminology, heraldic figures, the history of state, territorial and ancestral coats of arms, the main sources (including material – banners), state institutions, heraldic scientists, artists, etc. The chronological boundaries of the publication are from the end of the XV to the present.&#x0D; For the first time, a comprehensive encyclopedic study of the history of scientific and practical heraldry of one country (Russia) was undertaken in a broad general historical context, using the latest methods of historical analysis and theoretical experience accumulated by world herbology.