Recall Of Events Research Articles

Persistence of Listeria innocua on Fresh Apples during Long-Term Controlled Atmosphere Cold Storage with Postharvest Fungal Decay

Recent apple-related recall and outbreak events have exposed a need for better food safety controls along the supply chain. Following harvest, apples can be stored under a controlled atmosphere for up to 1 year after harvest before packing and distribution, making the crop susceptible to many opportunities for contamination that increase the quantity of postharvest losses. Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum cause significant rot-associated losses to the apple industry. These fungi can colonize and destroy apple tissue as storage duration increases, which may also impact the growth of saprophytic foodborne pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes. Thus, the objective of this study was to observe population changes of Listeria innocua as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes on apples inoculated with B. cinerea or P. expansum under long-term controlled atmosphere cold storage conditions to identify the effect of postharvest mold growth on growth patterns of a microorganism relevant to food safety. 'Gala' and 'WA 38' apples (n = 1,080) were harvested, treated with pyrimethanil, and inoculated with L. innocua only or with L. innocua and one of the mold species on wounded and unwounded portions of the apple equator. Apples were treated with 1-methylcyclopropene and stored at a controlled atmosphere (2 kPa O2, 1 kPa CO2, 1°C) for 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 11 months before enumeration. After 3 months, L. innocua consistently fell below the limit of detection (2.35 Log CFU/g), and samples were enriched following a modified Bacteriological Analytical Manual method with PCR confirmation. Listeria persistence was dependent on the storage duration and type of fungal contamination (P ≤ 0.05). Surface wounding may impact these trends, depending on the apple variety. Prevalence of L. innocua was greater in Gala apples. Future studies should more closely examine the interactions on the fruit surface that occur during the seemingly critical time frame of 3 to 6 months in storage.

«Авторедаговані» та сфальшовані свідчення про Голодомор: хто і чому створював варіативні та неправдиві усноісторичні оповіді

Авторкою під час підготовки ГІС-Атласу Голодомору накопичено базу з кількох тисяч одиниць усноісторичних джерел Голодомору. База уможливила порівняння схожих або ідентичних свідчень одних і тих самих чи різних респондентів, оприлюднених у низці видань. Мета статті: з’ясувати, наскільки корелюється наратив однієї і тієї ж особи, опублікований у різних виданнях, з погляду пригадування подій часів Голодомору. Методологія: застосовано історичний метод, аналізу та синтезу, методи джерелознавчого аналізу (порівняльний, текстологічний). Наукова новизна. Авторка зосереджується не на верифікації даних джерел документами чи іншими усними свідченнями, а на достовірності наведених відомостей щодо специфіки пригадування та процесу збирання та підготовки до публікації усних оповідей. Висновки. Дослідження засвідчило, що, з одного боку, наявний певний відсоток републікації свідчень різними упорядниками, що нібито знижує джерелознавчий потенціал видання; з іншого – таке дублювання свідчень часто є цінним матеріалом для розуміння того, як з плином часу мінялися формулювання, часові параметри розповіді; які події найпершими виринали в пам’яті, були важливими для особи, як про них оповідалося. Авторка доводить, що існує певне ядро наративу інформанта, що може доповнюватися значущими для респондента деталями. Встановлено, що вплив інформаційного поля не позначився на ядрі наративу, яке містить вітальні для певного інформанта спогади (переважно пов’язані з боротьбою за життя (обшуки, стратерії виживання) та її програшем (смертністю). Запропоновано пояснення відмінності у пригадуванні респондентами подій у різні роки. Виявлено проблему фальшування свідчення, пов’язану передусім з постаттю інтерв’юера, що не є масовим явищем.

Carmina Burana sau forța destinului

On the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Romanian section of the National Theatre (formerly known as the State Theatre) and the Studio Theatre of the University of Arts in Târgu-Mureș, we consider it s important to recall events that contributed to the development and evolution of the two institutions. Thus, this paper aims to highlight a unique moment of 2012, in the cultural space of Mures, namely the first choreographic theatre performance at the National Theatre in Tîrgu-Mureș. Under the baton of master choreographer Gigi Căciuleanu, the performance “Carmina Burana” by Carl Off was born, uniting the two theatre troupes (the Romanian and the Hungarian troupes) as well as students from the University of Arts. This creates a much stronger bridge between the two institutions, becoming partners to produce this performance. Along with the members of the two companies, students from the choreography and acting departments and two professional dancers joined us.

MethylMasteR: A Comparison and Customization of Methylation-Based Copy Number Variation Calling Software in Cancers Harboring Large Scale Chromosomal Deletions.

DNA methylation-based copy number variation (CNV) calling software offers the advantages of providing both genetic (copy-number) and epigenetic (methylation) state information from a single genomic library. This method is advantageous when looking at large-scale chromosomal rearrangements such as the loss of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) in renal cell carcinoma and the codeletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 and the long arm of chromosome 19 (1p/19q) commonly seen in histologically defined oligodendrogliomas. Herein, we present MethylMasteR: a software framework that facilitates the standardization and customization of methylation-based CNV calling algorithms in a single R package deployed using the Docker software framework. This framework allows for the easy comparison of the performance and the large-scale CNV event identification capability of four common methylation-based CNV callers. Additionally, we incorporated our custom routine, which was among the best performing routines. We employed the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP Chip results as a gold standard against which to compare large-scale event recall. As there are disparities within the software calling algorithms themselves, no single software is likely to perform best for all samples and all combinations of parameters. The employment of a standardized software framework via creating a Docker image and its subsequent deployment as a Docker container allows researchers to efficiently compare algorithms and lends itself to the development of modified workflows such as the custom workflow we have developed. Researchers can now use the MethylMasteR software for their methylation-based CNV calling needs and follow our software deployment framework. We will continue to refine our methodology in the future with a specific focus on identifying large-scale chromosomal rearrangements in cancer methylation data.

“Kids, you may be wondering how many of these stories I’m telling you are true. It’s a fair question.” – The birth of humour through the rebirth of the narrative in How I Met

How I Met your Mother (CBS, 2005-2014) is an American sitcom in which Future Ted (the Ted Mosby of 2030) retrospectively tells his two children the story of how he met their mother. It has been described as an innovative sitcom that relies on sophisticated, inventive narrative techniques, both on the audio and the visual channels. The complexity of the narration arises from the unreliability of the narrator as well as time manipulation, among other elements. This paper focuses on the link between the use of innovative techniques to narrate the story – more specifically the repetition of a narrative by an unreliable narrator – and the creation of humour. Particular attention is given to two episodes in which the same story is repeated and reborn each time: The Mermaid Theory (HIMYM 6x11), in which future Ted cannot recall events properly and retells the same story again and again, trying to get it right, and The Ashtray (HIMYM 8x17), in which Future Ted provides embedded narratives, which turn out to be the same story told from three different points of view.

Cue overlap supports preretrieval selection in episodic memory: ERP evidence

People often want to recall events of a particular kind, but this selective remembering is not always possible. We contrasted two candidate mechanisms: the overlap between retrieval cues and stored memory traces, and the ease of recollection. In two preregistered experiments (Ns = 28), we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to quantify selection occurring before retrieval and the goal states — retrieval orientations — thought to achieve this selection. Participants viewed object pictures or heard object names, and one of these sources was designated as targets in each memory test. We manipulated cue overlap by probing memory with visual names (Experiment 1) or line drawings (Experiment 2). Results revealed that regardless of which source was targeted, the left parietal ERP effect indexing recollection was selective when test cues overlapped more with the targeted than non-targeted information, despite consistently better memory for pictures. ERPs for unstudied items also were more positive-going when cue overlap was high, suggesting that engagement of retrieval orientations reflected availability of external cues matching the targeted source. The data support the view that selection can act before recollection if there is sufficient overlap between retrieval cues and targeted versus competing memory traces.

Parasomnias: Common and Rare Types, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of NREM Parasomnias

Parasomnias are described as undesirable motor activity displayed during sleep. Parasomnias are generally characterized by abrupt talking, screaming, walking, confusional arousals, bruxism (ie, teeth grinding), or other complex activity arising from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stages, rapid eye movement (REM) stages, or transitions between sleep stages and sleep-wake states. Parasomnias are associated with a poor recall of events by the patient, making information from a bed partner valuable. The use of attended polysomnography (PSG) with continuous audio and video recording and the inclusion of extended electro-encephalographic (EEG) montage is required to diagnose REM parasomnias. PSG is not required for the diagnosis of NREM parasomnias, as these are diagnosed by clinical history. Nonpharmacologic interventions that are effective for NREM parasomnias include relaxation, hypnosis, anticipatory awakenings, and ensuring environmental safety to reduce the risk of injury to the patient, bed partners, and family members. Pharmaceuticals shown to have significant effectiveness in NREM parasomnias include melatonin, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and medications that reduce arousals. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2021;51(12):550–555.]

DIVERSIDADE NA UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA: UM BREVE MAPEAMENTO DA LUTA NEGRA

This article seeks to biefly recall events that resulted in the adoption of racial quotas by the University of Brasilia. It is an interpretation of episodes that preceded and followed the implementation of this specific policy, trying to stablish correlations among the facts. The text also highlights recent issues, which show that, even with recognition of the Supreme Court, racial quotas remained often threatened.

Oral Narrative Intervention by Tele-Practice in a Case with Developmental Language Disorder.

Background: A narrative requires the integration and management of linguistic and cognitive skills. It has been observed that children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have difficulties in narrating stories. This research proposes an intervention in a case of a child 9 years and 2 months old with DLD, with the aim of improving his oral narrative skills through a retelling task via telepractice. Methods: In the evaluation, standardized tests have been used and a ‘remembering a story’ task, with a story titled The Lost Backpack, elaborated by one of the authors. Narratives were elicited in two sessions, and were transcribed, coded, and analysed using the Child Language Data Exchange System CHILDES Project tool. The participant received a total of 10 sessions through the Skype platform, which included intervention-addressed explicit instruction about the narrative structure and the use of discourse markers to improve cohesion in story retelling. Results: Significant changes were observed in the retelling of the story at microstructure and macrostructure levels: an increase of the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), Types and Tokens, specific vocabulary, discourse markers and the recall of events. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the effectiveness of intervention in narrative skills through the oral retelling of a story with visual support via tele-practice.

Post-Traumatic Stress and Autobiographical Memory Accuracy in Young Children: Traumatic Events versus Stressful and Pleasant Events

ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress (PTS) severity on accuracy of recall of autobiographical memory of traumatic events and pleasant events in very young children. Two hundred sixteen 3–6 year-old children with trauma exposure were interviewed with standardized interviews. Forty-one non-trauma-exposed controls were interviewed about stressful events for comparison. Accuracy of recall for both traumatic and pleasant events was not associated with severity of PTS. Trauma-exposed children showed significantly less accurate recall of trauma events compared to pleasant events. This difference was limited to children who experienced repeated trauma or Hurricane Katrina-related trauma experiences as opposed to single-blow types of trauma experiences. There was no difference in accuracy of recall of trauma events in the trauma-exposed group versus stressful events in the control group. There was also no difference in accuracy of recall of pleasant events between the trauma-exposed and the control groups. These findings do not support traditional theories that autobiographical recall is impaired in those with posttraumatic stress disorder or with trauma exposure. These findings demonstrate that very young children have access to and can verbalize accurate autobiographical recall of trauma events, which is important for clinical assessment and treatment.

Using examples to increase recall in self-administered questionnaires

Self-administered questionnaires often use examples or lists of examples to aid respondent recall. We report on the results of a field experiment examining how such examples in survey questions affect the episodic recall of events. Building on part-set cuing theory, the authors propose that examples increase recall when they cue low-accessibility subcategories of events, but may decrease recall when they cue high-accessibility subcategories. Further, cuing with examples rather than subcategory names may in some situations clarify questions and reduce non-useable open-ended responses. Findings from a survey of 2137 adult Medicaid recipients are generally consistent with these predictions.

Analysis of working memory from EEG signals under different emotional states

This study analyzes electroencephalography (EEG) measurements during short-term memory retention under different emotional states. A public-domain library with emotion-annotated images (IAPS) was used to stimulate neutral, negative, and positive emotions. The associated EEG data were acquired from twelve volunteers (between 20 and 26 years old; ten males and two females). Each participant was exposed to three sessions back-to-back on the same day. Each session corresponded to the induced emotional states (positive, negative and neutral) and consisted of relaxation, memorization of a list of ten words and ten numbers, watching a set of images to arouse emotion, and recalling the words and numbers memorized earlier. Statistical and spectral features of EEG data were analyzed for two instances: emotion recognition (neutral, negative, and positive) and recall events under the three emotional states. By designing two baseline machine-learning models, support vector machines (SVMs) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN), the significance of the EEG bands and the brain lobes were studied. Experimental results suggest that the short-term (working) memory recalls after exposure to neutral, negative, and positive images (to arouse neutral, negative, and positive emotions) differ from each other significantly (at alpha level 0.001). We have found that each EEG band carries unique information in both emotion and memory recall classification tasks and recommend that the entire EEG signal frequency range must be analyzed in future similar studies. On the other hand, we also have found that each brain region carries similar information as it relates to each task (i.e., memorization, recall), thus only one of the brain regions can be analyzed in future studies in order to avoid complexity and high computation time.

Questioning and answering strategies in Malaysian criminal proceedings

Questioning and answering strategies in Malaysian criminal proceedings

Editorial:Narrative‐BasedApproaches in Psychological Research and Practice

Editorial:<scp>Narrative‐Based</scp>Approaches in Psychological Research and Practice

Tailored Immersion: Implementing Personalized Components Into Virtual Reality for Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

With the application of virtual reality (VR), tailored interventions can be created that mirror the traumatic experiences of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Visual elements can be mimicked, and auditory and other senses stimulated. In doing so, the degree of immersion can be adjusted to optimize the therapeutic process. Objectively measuring the sensory immersion is key to keep subjects within their personal window of tolerance. Based on this information the therapist can decide manipulate the sensory stimulation embedded in the treatment. The objectives of this article are to explore the different immersive design aspects of VRET that can be modified to influence the experienced presence in veterans with PTSD, and to discuss possible methods of measuring the emotional response facilitated by immersive design aspects and experienced presence. Four design aspects are discussed: system, sensory cues, narrative and challenge. We also report on a user experiment in three veterans that informed on quality and depth of immersion. Believability of the neutral virtual environment was important for maintaining the veterans’ presence within the VR experience. The immersive design aspects that were personalized and supportive in the narrative of the veteran such as music and self-selected images appeared to have a strong influence on recall and reliving of the traumatic events. Finally, in order to increase the therapeutic effect in veterans with PTSD, the highlighted design aspects should be recognized and tailored to maximize immersion in virtual reality exposure therapy.

The hippocampus constructs narrative memories across distant events

Life's events are scattered throughout time, yet we often recall different events in the context of an integrated narrative. Prior research suggests that the hippocampus, which supports memory for past events, can support the integration of overlapping associations or separate events in memory. However, the conditions that lead to hippocampus-dependent memory integration are unclear. We used functional brain imaging to test whether the opportunity to form a larger narrative (narrative coherence) drives hippocampal memory integration. During encoding of fictional stories, patterns of hippocampal activity, including activity at boundaries between events, were more similar between distant events that formed one coherent narrative, compared with overlapping events taken from unrelated narratives. One day later, the hippocampus preferentially supported detailed recall of coherent narrative events, through reinstatement of hippocampal activity patterns from encoding. These findings demonstrate a key function of the hippocampus: the integration of events into a narrative structure for memory.

Culture and visual perspective in mental time travel: the relations to psychological well-being

ABSTRACT Current understanding of visual perspectives (i.e., first person vs third person) in mental time travel and their relations to psychological well-being is largely based on research with Western populations. To examine whether culture moderates the processes, we asked European American (EA) and Asian or Asian American (AA) college students to recall and imagine personal experiences in ten social situations and to report their psychological well-being. AA participants imagined future events less from a third-person perspective than did EA participants, and there was no cultural difference in visual perspective in the recall of past events. Furthermore, EA participants who retrieved positive memories more from a third-person perspective exhibited worse well-being, whereas AA participants who imagined negative future events more from a third-person perspective exhibited better well-being. These findings advance our understanding of the role of culture in visual perspectives during mental time travel as they relate to psychological well-being.

Memories of who we are: A preliminary identification of autobiographical memory functions in recall of authentic and inauthentic events

The story of who we are is central to our sense of authenticity and this story is constructed from our autobiographical memories. Yet we know surprisingly little about the functions that autobiographical memories of being authentic serve. This study provides a preliminary examination of the self, social and directive functions used in autobiographical memories of being authentic and inauthentic. Participants recalled times they felt they had been authentic or inauthentic at work. Analyses revealed that the self and directive functions were significantly more prevalent than the social function. In addition, authentic memories were most strongly associated with the self function while inauthentic memories were more likely to be used for the directive function. This may indicate that recall of an authentic experience serves to support one’s current self-identity, while recall of an inauthentic experience provides an opportunity to direct future behaviour towards a more authentic response. This study provides some of the first evidence for how autobiographical memories of being authentic or inauthentic may function in developing a coherent story of self that is needed for a sense of authenticity.

Specificity and wealth of autobiographical memories in restrictive and mixed anorexic patients.

The reduced specificity of positive and negative autobiographical memories observed in anorexic (AN) patients may reflect a global disturbance in their emotional information processing. However, their emotional difficulties may differ according to the subtype of AN, implying possible differences in the manifestation of autobiographical memory impairments. The aims of the study were (1) to confirm the autobiographical memory deficits in AN patients in terms of specificity and wealth of memories, and (2) to compare autobiographical deficits according to the AN subtype: restrictive type (AR) or binge/purging type (AB). Ninety-five non-clinical (NC) individuals and 95 AN patients including 69 AR and 22 AB patients were administered the Williams’ and Scott’s Autobiographical Memory Test. The results confirmed a lack of specificity regardless of emotional valence in the overall AN patient group without any distinction of subtype, which was linked to the number of hospitalizations. When the AN subtype was considered, AR patients demonstrated reduced specificity for negative memories only, suggesting differences in emotional functioning or in the mechanisms underlying reduced specificity between AR and AB patients. Furthermore, the overall AN group demonstrated lower variability and complexity in their memory content than the NC group. However, this difference in the complexity of recalled memories was only found in response to negative cues. When AN subtypes were considered, AR patients showed fewer complex memories than NC individuals. Beyond a reduced specificity, AN patients also depict a poverty in the range of event recall and a difficulty in developing narrative content. The clinical implications of such autobiographical memory deficits need to be further investigated.

Car Crash Speed Estimates Not Biased by Leading Questions

Individuals’ recollections of events have been shown to be susceptible to external factors, especially when it comes to speed estimations. This study explored the impact of perceptually disfluent presentations and presentation modalities of car crashes on observers’ estimations of speed, in addition to the testing the currently accepted effect of leading questions on the same. Participants viewed videos or images of car crashes, presented in higher or lower visual quality, and reported how fast the vehicles were traveling when they “made contact” or “smashed into” each other. Results showed that neither question phrasing, visual quality, nor presentation modality of car crashes affected speed estimates. Individuals who believe cars to travel at higher speeds, however, in general estimated higher speeds when viewing car crash images, especially when presented in lower visual quality. These findings suggest that a combination of external factors may influence event recall depending on individual’s pre-existing beliefs about car speeds, and should be considered prior to obtaining eyewitness accounts.