Event Of Power Failure Research Articles

Exploration on Wireless Network-Based Monitoring and Early Warning Algorithms for Power Grounding Faults

Electricity is an indispensable resource in daily life. While it brings great convenience to people, it also brings some safety hazards, especially in the event of power failure, which may cause significant harm. Therefore, monitoring and warning of power faults are very important. Traditional power grounding fault monitoring and warning systems have problems such as untimely monitoring, inaccurate warning, and high error rates in fault location. In order to solve the above problems, this paper uses wireless networks to construct a power grounding fault monitoring and early warning system. The wireless network collected fault data based on the complexity of power grounding fault data, and used threshold monitoring method to analyze the collected data. The wireless network was used to construct a prediction model to monitor grounding faults. Through experiments, it can be found that the accuracy of the wireless network-based power fault monitoring system for predicting grounding faults was over 92.57%, and the average warning accuracy of 20 experiments was 93.856%. This paper studied a wireless network-based algorithm for monitoring and warning of power grounding faults, which can effectively improve the monitoring and warning capabilities of power systems, and reduce the risk of power equipment faults and the probability of power accidents.

PID Temperature Control of Baby Incubator Transport Battery Efficiency

Transport baby incubators are used to keep babies warm and safe while in transport using battery voltage sources or DC electricity, which are portable and can be used without getting a supply of electrical energy. The problem that often occurs with this tool is the limited battery power system. causes a risk to the infant in the event of power failure or battery exhaustion. We aim to evaluate the battery efficiency of Baby Incubator Transport using a PID temperature controller. The evaluation is done by comparing and analyzing the battery voltage of the device to the standard device, as well as considering the setting temperature and duration of use of the device so that it can provide convenience in evacuating babies in an emergency. The tool uses the PID method to control temperature and maximize battery power. In this design, researchers only look at the efficiency of the PID method on temperature control and the battery to be used. This module will have a display that will display the battery voltage value, battery voltage percentage, skin temperature, chamber temperature, humidity, and temperature control that has been selected in the form of a graph. Compared with the digital multimeter measuring instrument. From the results of data collection, it can be concluded that the PID method has a faster rise time to reach the setting temperature, while the fuzzy method has a longer rise time to reach the setting temperature. However, the PID method requires more battery power than the Fuzzy method. The measurement results between the display and the measuring device have a difference of 3.1% at 34°C, at 35°C it is 3.9%, and at 36°C it is 4.7%. The biggest error is at a temperature of 36ºC, the smallest is at a temperature of 34ºC. Based on the results of the observation analysis of battery power consumption, it is found that the smaller the battery energy, the smaller the current issued, as well as the voltage issued. But if the load is large, the current is inversely proportional to the center, the battery voltage decreases while the current increases.

Impacts of battery energy storage system on power grid smartness: Case study of Taiwan Power Company

This case study work aims to quantitatively validate the hypothesis that battery energy storage system (BESS) can enhance the smartness of power grid. Our targeted power grid was the Taiwan Power Company (Taipower), which ranked second worldwide in both 2021 and 2022 according to the Smart Grid Index (SGI), a global grid smartness indicator. Besides collecting data from Taipower, this study examined 53 upstream and downstream energy storage companies and 48 ancillary service companies in Taiwan. Through cross-domain data analysis, the evidences were obtained to verify the hypothesis.The initial piece of evidence suggests that BESS is a key evaluation indicator for determining the smartness of a power grid. Of the 36 and 38 power utilities in 2021 and 2022, 77.8–80 % of power utilities with high smartness scores were equipped with energy storage systems, compared to only 14.3–15 % of power utilities with low scores.Further evidence indicates that the data on two power failure events indicate BESS can prevent power grid accidents. Thus, the supply reliability can be improved. Estimated data shows that annual SAIDI index scores dropped from 14.936 to 11.978 and SAIFI index scores dropped from 0.185 to 0.151 after the implementation of BESS.The third piece of quantitative evidence is that data on grid-level BESS construction achievements shows that SGI scores increased from 28.0 to 94.6 over five years, moving from a ranking lower than the global average to rank second in the world.In addition to verify the hypothesis, the aforementioned evidences also lead to novel results. This case study is pioneering in its first-time analysis of state grid data and the organization of items of smartness within global girds, resulting in a proposed flowchart for constructing a smart grid. The establishment of the flowchart will contribute to enhancing the smartness of power grids through the design of ancillary services.

Research on Fast Homing Method in Automatic Production Line

Homing is a particularly important step to establish the equipment coordinate origin. A reliable method of fast homing based on the PLC system in the automatic production line is discussed, which obtains the position information of each motion axis through Modbus or other networks, and cooperates with PLC’s Homing instruction to static home quickly to avoid complex operations. And the function of returning to the breakpoint in the middle process is proposed, which makes it easy to resume production in the event of power failure or overload, and greatly improves production efficiency. And the above research is transformed into a practical system, which has been verified and has the value of promotion.

Research on the Operation Specification of Arc Suppression and Resonance Elimination Device in Water Supply Distribution System

Arc suppression and resonance elimination device was used more and more widely in distribution power systems. The performance for limiting overvoltage and eliminating arc are better than arc suppression coil. But when the device not work properly,it would cause more great risk on the safe of the distribution network. It was analysed that an event of power failure of pair circuits distribution network installed with arc suppression and resonance elimination device. As an example, the simulation model was established with PSCAD software, and the working mechanism of the device was discussed. The overvoltage risk of the distribution system for water supply pump station was analysed. According to the analysing results, it is proposed that routine maintenance method and typical configuration of the device.

Chemistry Options for Lithium-Ion UPS and BBU [Expert View

Industrial rack-mounted uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) or battery backup units (BBU) are used in data centers or telecom central offices to provide backup power for servers and switching equipment in the event of power failure. Historically, these UPS’s have relied on lead-acid as the predominant battery type. Currently, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are gaining market share over the incumbent lead-acid battery technology. To differentiate UPS from BBU power sources, we define a typical UPS as double-conversion with ac-dc-ac power conversion, while BBU is the embedded battery with dc voltage input and output. While the input/output of a UPS is more universal by providing either single-phase 120–240 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AC</sub> or three-phase 208–480 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AC</sub> , the BBU dc output voltage is typically matched to the equipment it is powering. DC powered equipment is gaining acceptance in multiple industries for the simplicity, and efficiency. More and more installations are relying on BBU’s and dc plants to power their equipment directly. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Figure 1</xref> presents a BBU and a dc plant installed in a telecom rack with space for other equipment that needs a backup power source.

Power Failures During Surgery: A 2000-2019 Review of Reported Events in the Veterans Health Administration.

The frequency and impact of power failure on surgical care over time in a large integrated healthcare system such as the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is unknown. Reducing the likelihood of harm related to these rare but potential catastrophic events is imperative to ensuring patient safety and high-quality surgical care. This study provides analysis and description of reported power failures during surgery (January 2000-March 2019), in the VHA and their impact. This quality improvement study describes patient safety adverse events related to power failure in the operating room reported by 63 VHA medical centers from the approximately 137 VHAs with a surgical program. Power failure events during surgery reported to the VHA National Center for Patient Safety are analyzed. The authors identify 20 root cause analyses and 135 safety reports. Most events 36.1% (n = 56) resulted from generator delay, equipment reboot delay 21.9% (n = 34), and equipment backup power failure 13.5% (n = 21). Root causes include issues with backup batteries or equipment, engineering and clinical staff communication, standardized procedures for testing power, backup power delay, electrical circuit issues, documentation, and training. Patient harm occurred in 18% (n = 28) and 3.9% (n = 6) as major or catastrophic. Power failure during surgery is associated with major or catastrophic patient harm, though rare. Staff preoccupation with failure, disaster preparedness, and focus on communication has the potential to minimize or avoid patient harm.

A Spatial Analytics Framework to Investigate Electric Power-Failure Events and Their Causes

The U.S. electric-power infrastructure urgently needs renovation. Recent major power outages in California, New York, Texas, and Florida have highlighted U.S. electric-power unreliability. The media have discussed the U.S. aging power infrastructure and the Public Utilities Commission has demanded a comprehensive review of the causes of recent power outages. This paper explores geographic information systems (GIS) and a spatially enhanced predictive power-outage model to address: How may spatial analytics enhance our understanding of power outages? To answer this research question, we developed a spatial analysis framework that utilities can use to investigate power-failure events and their causes. Analysis revealed areas of statistically significant power outages due to multiple causes. This study’s GIS model can help to advance smart-grid reliability by, for example, elucidating power-failure root causes, defining a data-responsive blackout solution, or implementing a continuous monitoring and management solution. We unveil a novel use of spatial analytics to enhance power-outage understanding. Future work may involve connecting to virtually any type of streaming-data feed and transforming GIS applications into frontline decision applications, showing power-outage incidents as they occur. GIS can be a major resource for electronic-inspection systems to lower the duration of customer outages, improve crew response time, as well as reduce labor and overtime costs.

Hartmann's Solution Heart Lung Machine

The pump console used at our institute is a HL20, AB, Lund, Sweden), unit with four single modular roller pumps or a combination of three roller pumps with a centrifugal pump. The unit comes with a 24-volt inbuilt battery pack in the base of the console. The batteries consist of 230-A/hour, 12-volt, gel-filled batteries. The main input voltage to the console control module is constantly monitored. Should the line voltage fall to less than 85% of the nominal voltage (220 volts), the unit automatically switches to battery This battery system will run the complete system, all pumps, supervisory modules, monitoring, and data recording in the event of power failure. The total length of battery operation time reported by the manufactures of a complete system, one arterial at per minute (LPM) (156 rpm), three ancillary pumps (50 rpm), pump display and system monitoring is approximately1.5 hours. Battery operation time depends on the conditions of the battery and the load powered by the batteries.

Primary pump coast-down characteristics analysis in lead cooled fast reactor under loss of flow transient

The primary pump coast-down characteristics research is very important to ensure reactor safety during power failure events in the lead cooled fast reactor (LFR) design. The primary pump coast-down Flow Halving Time (FHT) effects on a 10 MWth lead-bismuth cooled research reactor with critical and sub-critical operation modes were analyzed under loss of flow transient in this paper. Comparison of different coast-down FHT effects on critical and sub-critical reactors was conducted. Moreover, other relevant parameters those may affect the coast-down FHT requirements (e.g. clad temperature limitation and temperature trigger threshold) were analyzed as well. The results showed that: Increasing the primary pump coast-down FHT can decrease the clad peak temperature in lead cooled fast reactor under LOF transient. Both unprotected and protected loss of flow (ULOF and PLOF) transients in critical reactor and ULOF transient in sub-critical reactor were insensitive to coast-down FHT, while PLOF transient in sub-critical reactor was found to be sensitive to the coast-down FHT. The coast-down FHT effects on sub-critical reactor was bigger than critical reactor in the early phase of LOF transient. The primary pump coast-down FHT had little effects on the critical reactor safety under LOF transients. The clad peak temperature of the sub-critical reactor under ULOF transient was the only one that exceeded the temperature limitation among these four transients. Raising the clad temperature limit of the sub-critical reactor contributes little to reactor safety under ULOF transient. Measures should be taken to avoid the happening of serious accident, such as ULOF transient in sub-critical reactor. Scram signal setup (e.g. core outlet temperature trigger threshold) would not enhance the safety of lead cooled critical and sub-critical reactors and would not change the coast-down FHT requirements under LOF transient.

Intelligent Energy Systems: Introducing Power–ICT Interdependency in Modeling and Control Design

This paper introduces a novel control scheme for mitigating the cascading effects of a failure in the power transmission grid. Modern power systems include controller entities, which exchange information (measurement/control signals) with the grid through information communication technology (ICT). Nevertheless, networking problems can generate observability/reachability issues, which prevent the controller from correctly estimating the grid's state and applying in a timely manner the necessary actions. Thus, we present a control approach that explicitly takes into account the potential degradation of the ICT performance during power failure events. To this end, the power-induced ICT deficiencies are modeled as additive communication latency, to quantify their impact on the controller's effectiveness. Moreover, in order to overcome excessive/varying delays, a model predictive control architecture is proposed, which produces directives for both the safeguard cut of power lines and the load/generation regulation, in a manner that minimizes the impact of the initial power failure on the overall grid.

Significance of coast down time on safety and availability of a pool type fast breeder reactor

Plant dynamic investigation towards establishing the influence of flow coast down time of primary and secondary sodium systems on safety and availability of plant has been carried out based on one dimensional analysis. From safety considerations, a minimum flow coast down time for primary sodium circuit is essential to be provided to limit the consequences of loss of flow event within allowable limits. Apart from safety benefits, large primary coast down time also improves plant availability by the elimination of reactor SCRAM during short term power failure events. Threshold values of SCRAM parameters also need optimization. By suitably selecting the threshold values for SCRAM parameters, significant reduction in the inertia of pumping systems can be derived to obtain desirable results on plant availability. With the optimization of threshold values and primary flow coast down behaviour equivalent to a halving time of 8s, there is a possibility to eliminate reactor SCRAM during short term power failure events extending up to 0.75s duration. Benefits of secondary flow halving on reducing transient thermal loading on components have also been investigated and mixed effects have been observed.

PO-0617 Quality Improvement Review Of Uninterrupted Power Supply For Critical Care Equipment In Neonatal Units In Northern Ireland

<h3>Introduction/background</h3> Intensive care equipment is dependent on an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) in the event of power failure. It is important that medical and nursing staff have a basic knowledge of critical care equipment and are aware of guidelines/protocols in place, to prevent possible harm to patients in the event of mains power failure. <h3>Method</h3> A questionnaire audit was performed amongst medical and nursing staff in all five neonatal intensive care units in Northern Ireland. The aim was to look at current practice, identify areas of staff knowledge regarding UPS principles and how to maintain critical care equipment in the event of power failure. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-eight (44%) questionnaires were returned. The results were as follows: 73% of respondents were aware their unit had UPS. 25% were unsure which items should be plugged into UPS. 58% were aware of the presence of back up batteries in critical care equipments. In the event of power failure 81% of respondents said they would contact the nurse in charge whilst a technician was the next frequent point of contact, but there was no clear procedure beyond the initial contact. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results showed wide variation in staff knowledge regarding the availability of UPS, the presence of an internal back up battery and which equipment should be plugged into UPS circuits. There was also lack of guidance regarding whom to contact in the event of power failure. This study resulted in training, staff education and development of guidance regarding UPS circuits.

Study on Power Failure Probability Optimization Function of Power Grid

Improving the reliability of power supply and reducing the power failure cases are eager required by demand-side, it is also important for power company. By studying on the track of power failure, it can provide some suggestions for improving power supply. Therefore, the function of power failure probability is built, combined probability theory and matlab software. Taking advantage of relative statistics in x region, it makes a deep research on the power failure events and creates the model for power failure. Based on the study, it is helpful for calculating power failure loss of demand-side. Meanwhile, it points out the future work target for power company.

The Integrity® Full Replacement Alternating Mattress

The Integrity Full Replacement Alternating Mattress, manufactured and distributed by Sumed, is an innovative alternative for those users who find conventional alternating pressure mattresses uncomfortable. The mattress is designed with smaller cells than conventional alternating mattresses and this has a number of benefits for the user, in that posture within the bed is not compromised as the cells alternatively inflate and deflate, maintaining mobility and function. Furthermore, users report that the small cell size results in their experiencing far more comfort on this mattress comparered with other alternating mattresses previously tried, as they feel far less movement with the alternation. Importantly, the construction of the mattress affords significant safety to the user in the event of power failure, and this is particularly pertinent in the community setting where the user is monitored less frequently. This article discusses pressure injury prevention in the community and describes how the Integrity mattress provides a solution.

To Automate AMF Pinspotter Machine

This paper gives instructions for making complete and efficient control system of AMF bowling machine, it helps decreasing machine cycle time, make the machine energy efficient, reduce error in scoring, perform automatic resetting of machine in the event of power failure, calculating and displaying accurate speed and giving more options for user interface.

Experimentation of a novel thermoelectric heat pump system

SYNOPSIS This paper presents results of tests carried out to investigate a passive technology based on integration of a thermal diode and thermoelectric modules for a novel heat pump. The system is very compact and suitable for incorporation within the building structure. The heat pump uses thermoelectric modules to produce cooling or heating, and a new type of thermal diode to transfer heat into or out of the building, while preventing reverse heat flow in the event of power failure. Following design and construction of a thermoelectric heat pump prototype, its performance was investigated for two different modes, i.e., cooling and heating, under various operating conditions and environmental temperatures. Results showed that reducing the temperature of the thermal diode condenser could provide a significant improvement in the efficiency of the thermal diode and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system in cooling mode. This can be achieved using the evaporation of water on the heat sink attached to the condenser. The experimental results showed that the new type of thermal diode worked effectively in both cooling and heating modes.

The power law character of off-site power failures

A study on the behavior of off-site AC power failure recovery times at three nuclear plant sites is presented. It is shown, that power law is appropriate for the representation of failure frequency–duration correlation function of off-site power failure events, based on simple assumptions about component failure and repair rates. It is also found that the annual maxima of power failure duration follow Frechet distribution, which is a type II asymptotic distribution, strengthening our assumption of power law for the parent distribution. The extreme value distributions obtained are used for extrapolation beyond the region of observation.

A novel thermoelectric refrigeration system employing heat pipes and a phase change material: an experimental investigation

This paper presents results of tests carried out to investigate the potential application of heat pipes and phase change materials for thermoelectric refrigeration. The work involved the design and construction of a thermoelectric refrigeration prototype. The performance of the thermoelectric refrigeration system was investigated for two different configurations. The first configuration employed a conventional heat sink system (bonded fin heat sink) on the cold side of the thermoelectric cells. The other configuration used an encapsulated phase change material in place of the conventional heat sink unit. Both configurations used heat pipe embedded fins as the heat sink on the hot side. Replacement of the conventional heat sink system with an encapsulated phase change material was found to improve the performance of the thermoelectric refrigeration system. In addition, it provided a storage capability that would be particularly useful for handling peak loads and overcoming losses during door openings and power-off periods. Results showed that the heat sink units employing heat pipe embedded fins were well suited to this application. Results also showed the importance of using a heat pipe system between the cold junction of the thermoelectric cells and the cold heat sink in order to prevent reverse heat flow in the event of power failure.

Improvement of the operation cycle time of a naphtha hydrotreating unit by controlling the pressure drop

The quick buildup of higher pressure drop in the fixed‐bed reactor of a hydrotreating unit of a petroleum process is identified and improved. The results indicated that coke deposits formed in the catalyst bed are due to both the polymerization initiated by the dissolved oxygen in the presence of olefins, and the dehydrogenation reaction formed by hydrogen deficiency in the event of power failure in the unit. The buildup of pressure drop in the hydrotreating unit is improved by adding both an oxygen stripper in the feed stream to minimize the dissolved oxygen and catalysts with high void fraction and low activity in the top of the reactor to increase the tolerance of coke deposits. After revamping, the hydrotreating unit can operate at design throughput and the operation cycle time is not limited by the pressure drop. The results of this study are a breakthrough in the study of hydrotreating units. A correlation method was also developed to check the operation cycle time of the hydrotreating unit.