Event Of Contingency Research Articles

Gray Zones and Vulnerability in the U.S.-Japan Alliance: Operational and Legal Dimensions

executive summary: This essay examines the gray-zone situation around the Senkaku Islands, assesses the vulnerabilities for the U.S.-Japan alliance, and proposes three measures to cope with the definitional and policy gaps between the two nations. main argumentThe vulnerabilities of the U.S.-Japan alliance in a gray zone come from structural and internal gaps in domestic laws, interpretation of international law, and views on the operation of the military and law-enforcement agencies. While it is difficult to fix these issues in the short term, if these gaps are left unchallenged, managing gray-zone contingencies and close interoperability between the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the U.S. military will be affected. To avoid this outcome, three steps are recommended. The first is to deepen exchanges and promote shared understanding about the gaps among practitioners and legal advisers in Japan's National Security Secretariat and the U.S. National Security Council. The second is to create a Japanese version of the U.S. Department of Defense's Law of War Manual . The third is conducting various exercises that test the legal limits of a joint response. policy implications • While Japan and the U.S. agree that the gray-zone concept is characterized by both a situational aspect and a time-and-space aspect, their conceptions differ in terms of where a gray zone ends and war begins due to dissimilar domestic laws. This variance in definition could be a potential vulnerability in a joint U.S.-Japan military response. • China seems to be working to achieve its political and territorial ambitions in five stages. Japan and the U.S. must agree on what stage in the process China is currently conducting operations and how to best counter it. • A key vulnerability of the U.S.-Japan alliance is rooted in the difference of interpretations on the right of self-defense. As allies, they must be able to understand and manage these differences in the event of a gray-zone contingency.

Contingency Analysis of South Bandung Electric Power System

Electric power transmission system must operate reliably and continuously, but in fact there are many disturbance that affect the reliability and stability of the power system. This study aims to determine the weak elements of power system when release of components occur. This study uses simulation with Newton Raphson power flow method for contingency analysis. The study is located in South Bandung electric power system with voltage of 150 kV. In this study, the object of contingency analysis is IBT-II 500/150 KV at peak periods load in 2013 to evaluate the system reliability when release of the Inter bus Transformer (IBT). Selection of the component is based that IBT is the most important component in the power supply that should be maintain continuously. The results of the study and analysis show that in the event of contingency almost all bus voltage has decreased below the limit allowable voltage and IBT-I get overloaded, then the maneuver is performed according to the procedures of specified load. The results of this study can be use as a reference for the electric power operating system which has conditions similar to the simulated cases.

Methodology to improve machine changeover performance on food industry based on SMED

This article discusses how to apply Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) methodology in the food industry, bearing in mind the peculiarities of this sector, as it is comprised within the mass market industry (cleaning and cosmetics products, textile, etc.). Regarding innovation, this research delves into the application of SMED to the field of machine changeovers (changes in format, products, tools, etc.), while also analysing the possible in order to be minimised. These losses are focused on irregular machine changeovers, that is, lack of standard work methodology, maintenance defects, lack of spare parts, lack of operator specialisation, etc. The implemented methodology contains a proposal to measure the results of the SMED technique using the mean time between failures (MTBF) and mean time to repair such failure (MTTR) along with indicators such as global efficiency (GE) and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). MTBF and MTTR help evaluate and improve the implementation of SMED-based methodology. But we can also assess how long it takes us to act in the event of contingency, such as a line failure or repair, and reduce it accordingly.

Transient Stability Enhancement of Multimachine Power System Using Robust and Novel Controller Based CSC-STATCOM

A current source converter (CSC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device, which has a vital role as a stability support for small and large transient instability in an interconnected power network. This paper investigates the impact of a novel and robust pole-shifting controller for CSC-STATCOM to improve the transient stability of the multimachine power system. The proposed algorithm utilizes CSC based STATCOM to supply reactive power to the test system to maintain the transient stability in the event of severe contingency. Firstly, modeling and pole-shifting controller design for CSC based STATCOM are stated. After that, we show the impact of the proposed method in the multimachine power system with different disturbances. Here, applicability of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB and the simulation results show an improvement in the transient stability of multimachine power system with CSC-STATCOM. Also clearly shown, the robustness and effectiveness of CSC-STATCOM are better rather than other shunt FACTS devices (SVC and VSC-STATCOM) by comparing the results in this paper.

Effect of line contingency on static voltage stability and maximum loadability in large multi bus power system

Abstract Voltage instability is the phenomena associated with heavily loaded power systems. It is normally aggravated due to large disturbance. Due to deregulation of power system, the system has to cater for the load bids in open access. This may cause the increased transaction level leading to more stress on the power system. It has become an urgent need of today to address the voltage stability problems to keep the voltage profile under control. Several incidences of voltage instability have occurred worldwide recently. In the event of contingency, the most serious threat to operation and control of power system is insecurity. The estimation of the power system state under contingency is an essential task for the power system engineers. The contingency analysis technique is a prerequisite to predict the effects of various contingencies like failure of transformers, transmission lines, etc. It helps to initiate necessary control actions to maintain power system security, reliability and stability. In the present work, two kinds of performance indices viz. active power performance index and reactive power performance index are computed for a large power system using a special code written in MATLAB environment. Furthermore, a novel idea of static voltage stability analysis by incrementing the load in proportion to the original load on load buses along with the most vulnerable line outage using Newton Raphson (N–R) load flow is presented.

Coordination between SC and SVC for Voltage Stability Improvement

At any point of time, a power system operating condition should be stable, meeting various operational criteria and it should also be secure in the event of any credible contingency. Present day power systems are being operated closer to their stability limits due to economic and environmental constraints. Maintaining a stable and secure operation of a power system is therefore a very important and challenging issue. Voltage instability has been given much attention by power system researchers and planners in recent years, and is being regarded as one of the major sources of power system insecurity. Voltage instability phenomena are the ones in which the receiving end voltage decreases well below its normal value and does not come back even after setting restoring mechanisms such as VAR compensators, or continues to oscillate for lack of damping against the disturbances. Reactive power limit of power system is one of the major causes of voltage instability. This paper investigates the effects of coordinated series capacitors (SC) with static VAR compensators (SVC) on steady-state voltage stability of a power system. Also, the influence of the presence of series capacitor on static VAR compensator controller parameters and ratings required to stabilize load voltages at certain values are highlighted. Keywords—Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Series Capacitor (SC), voltage stability, reactive power.

Technical feasibility on reception of VHRR signals from Kalpana-1 satellite in the event of contingency with the existing operational ground receiving system

National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC), of India Meteorological Department is performing the vital role of receiving signals of meteorological data transmitted by KALPANA-1/INSAT series of national satellites and processing the data to generate various meteorological products for monitoring meteorological, environmental and climatological conditions. The satellite signals are currently being received through a 7.5 m diameter parabolic dish antenna installed at INSAT Earth Station of IMD located at Mausam Bhawan Complex, New Delhi.
 In this study an attempt has been made to receive and process the VHRR signals of KALPANA-1 through a smaller (3.8m) diameter parabolic dish antenna available at earth station .The link calculations have been made to show extra 2 db margin what is theoretically required and it will be sufficient for image capturing. We had also compared the result with existing 7.5m diameter antenna and observe that quality of satellite pictures received with 3.8m diameter antenna are also equally good.
 The purpose of this study is to keep in operational readiness a backup antenna for the reception of KALPANA-1 in the event of any unforseen contingency with the existing 7.5m diameter parabolic dish antenna, using the existing infrastructure of IMD.

Classifier design for static security assessment using particle swarm optimization

Security is recognized as an important problem in planning, design and operation stages of electric power systems. Power system security assessment deals with the system’s ability to continue to provide service in the event of an unforeseen contingency. This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based classification for static security evaluation in power systems. A straightforward and quick procedure is used to select a small number of variables as features from a large set of variables which are normally available in power systems. A simple first order security function is designed using the selected features for classification. The training of weights in the classifier function (security function) is carried out by PSO technique. The PSO algorithm has minimized the error rate in classification. The procedure to determine the security function (classifier) is discussed. The performance of the algorithm is tested on IEEE 14 Bus, IEEE 57 Bus and IEEE 118 Bus systems. Simulation results show that the PSO classifier gives a fairly high classification accuracy and less misclassification rate.

Beyond Self-defence? Evaluating Japan's Regional Security Role under the New Defence Cooperation Guidelines

In spite of the self-imposed constraints on Japan's security posture, the new Japan‐US Defence Cooperation Guidelines which became Japanese law in May 1999 represent a potentially significant step in the evolution of Japan's defence roles and its burden-sharing with the United States. The new guidelines commit Japan to a range of rear-support functions and operational cooperation with US forces in the event of a regional contingency. The key question raised by the new guidelines is whether they sanction a new regional security role for Japan. Whilst confirming the basic framework of Japanese defence policy, the new guidelines appear to signal a Japanese contribution to the regional security functions of the US‐Japan alliance and hence mark an important departure from Japan's traditional focus on self-defence.

A drum boiler model for long term power system dynamic simulation

In the event of a power system contingency, the boiler has an important impact on the power output in the long term time frame of minutes to hours. This paper describes a drum boiler model developed from first principles and validated using data from tests carried out on an actual plant. The model can be used for dynamic simulation studies in long time frames, greater than 30 seconds, in particular where assessment of deviations of internal parameters, such as steam pressure, drum level and steam temperature, outside safety limits is essential.

Criticism of Doping: The Nihilistic Side of Technological Sport and the Antiquated View of Sport Ethics

Doping is interpreted by sport ethical critics as an infringement of and treason to the idea of "pure" sport. By dramatizing doping as an event of contingency, as an accident and misdevelopment of past and present sport and by presenting it as harmless, any chance of bringing light on sport's and sport sciences' essential characteristics by analyzing the example of doping will consequently be missed. Doping is a constituant part of modern sport and of sport science.