Abstract Background The relationship between oncological events and cardiovascular pathologies is a subject still widely discussed. Certain chemotherapy drugs, including alkylating agents, anthracyclines, taxanes, and topoisomerase II inhibitors have proven to possess arrhythmic and cardiotoxic capabilities. There is enough evidence to suggest an association between oncological events and the appearance of newly onset AF, but there is little to no scientific literature about the management of these patients and the outcome of normal therapeutically procedures. Purpose This study assess if oncocardiological patients with AF should be considered a risk group when planning to undergo catheter ablation for the arrhythmia treatment. Methods The studied population was based on the data recollection from the electrophysiology department and consisted of patients with AF intervened by radiofrequency catheter ablation. All the procedures were conducted between January 1st 2019 and December 31st 2022. Among 138 participants enrolled for this study, 68 of them had either recent history of oncological events (maximum of 5 years cancer-free). The control group had no previous nor active history of cancer. The cohort with the desired exposure (cancer patients) was compared with a cancer-free group. Two primary outcomes were measured: procedure related complications, and first AF recurrence within the first 12 months. Complications were categorized according to two dichotomous variables: the existence of acute complications directly during the procedure or within the first 12 hours after the end of the procedure, and the occurrence of self-limited arrhythmic events during the blanking period. Results When compared as dichotomous variables (yes/no) with Fisher’s exact test, no statistical significance was observed between the studied cohort and control for complications and events during blanking. The proportion of patients free of sustained episodes of AF at 12 months was 52,9% in the oncologic group and 77,9% in the Control group (P = 0.003; RR of 3.14; 95% CI 1.5 - 6.6) for the oncologic group. When not adjusted by any other factor, association with Cancer was shown (HR 2.43; P =0.005; 95% CI 1.3 – 4.4) for recurrence of arrhythmic events. The regression model with Kaplan-Meier method shows the overall 12-month survival in two groups and the difference between the two survival curves was statistically significant (P=0.0016). Conclusion Oncocardiological patients have demonstrated a significantly higher incidence in post-ablational recurrence when compared with a similar cancer-free control group. Results found in acute and chronic procedural complications were similar in both cohorts.