Abstract
Currently, Vietnam is in a demographic dividend period. After reaching 90 million in 2013, Vietnam's population hit the milestone of 100 million in 2023. Surpassing the mark of nearly a hundred million people represents a significant event in Vietnam's demographic history, positioning Vietnam as the fifteenth most populous country globally and among the top three in Southeast Asia. With a population nearing a hundred million, the duration of Vietnam's demographic dividend period is expected to extend until around 2042. Approximately 67% of Vietnam's population is of working age. The main characteristics of Vietnam's demographic dividend period are its long duration, uneven development, and aging population advancing ahead of modernization. The demographic dividend period not only provides Vietnam with an abundance of human resources for its socio-economic development but also facilitates increased investment in areas such as livelihoods, healthcare, education, and employment. Vietnam should seize the opportunity of the demographic dividend period, pay more attention to and understand population issues, and mitigate the risk of "aging before prosperity."
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