Evaluation Of Pyrolysis Research Articles

Evaluation of pyrolysis and gasification of distillery sludge and bio-compost mixed with coal

The direct disposal of distillery sludge in water streams without any treatment creates major environmental problem. The use of distillery sludge and bio-compost mixed with coal samples in 3:2 ratio was observed as an efficient alternative source for use as a fuel. These combinations underwent pyrolysis at 650 °C and gasification at 850 °C in a two-stage fixed bed system for the preparation of char, bio-oil and syngas. The char produced contained high carbon content and calorific value in the range 58.19 to 24.76 % and 5849.83 to 7993.64 kcal/kg, respectively. The gaseous emission (syngas) during pyrolysis of sludge and gasification of bio-compost produced H2 gas as 10.96 % and 10.40 %, respectively. The produced H2 gas was highest among all other substrates used in the study. Mass and energy balance showed higher syngas production in gasification process. Distillery sludge and bio-compost mixed with coal samples in 3:2 ratio can thereby serve as an emerging alternative high-quality fuel source reducing dependency on the traditional non-renewable fuel sources.

Sustainability Evaluation of Pyrolysis of Waste Mattresses: A Comparison with Alternative End-of-Life Treatments

There is a major push by governments and value chain partners to move towards circular options for difficult-to-recycle post-consumer products such as waste mattresses.[1] In the Netherlands alone ~1.5 million mattresses are discarded yearly, of which majority (>60%) is incinerated.[2] A sustainable solution to recycle waste mattresses is required to enable the Dutch industry meet the circular economy goals set by the Dutch government.[3] This paper shares major findings from the screening level life cycle assessment (LCA) of four End-of-Life (EoL) options for post-consumer mattresses: landfill, incineration with energy recovery, pyrolysis and mechanical recycling using powdering. The LCA was an important work package of a technology development project with the objective to quantify potential sustainability benefits of the pyrolysis of waste mattresses.[4] The emphasis of the pyrolysis process is on product recovery as chemical feedstock. The study showed that pyrolysis is a better option than incineration in terms of greenhouse gases ( GHG) and cumulative energy demand (CED) for all the studied cases. Base case analysis showed that pyrolysis of waste mattresses can save approximately 526 kg CO2-eq. and approximately 5.1 GJ (24% savings) CED per ton waste mattresses compared to incineration. Finally, the study concluded that mechanical recycling can either be better or worse than pyrolysis depending on the processes and quality of recycled material.

Evaluation of pyrolysis and combustion products from foundry binders: potential hazards in metal casting

The aim of this paper is the comparison of the thermal destruction course of one of the commercially available binders applied in the ALPHASET technology in dependence of the temperature, heating rate and the character of the atmosphere (inert, oxidising or reducing). The thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry/Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG/DSC/FTIR) system allowed for real-time analysis of the composition and intensity of gases emitted during slow heating in the inert and oxidising atmospheres. In addition, the TG/DTG/DSC investigation of the binder was performed in the reducing atmosphere. The pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry system allowed for the analysis of gases evolved at very fast heating in the inert atmosphere (pyrolysis) as a function of temperature. It has been proven that the type and amount of the gases emitted is highly dependent on the temperature, heating rate and the atmosphere in which it is performed. The highest versatility of harmful volatiles is produced during heating in the inert atmosphere. This type of atmosphere is present in the closest proximity of the liquid metal. Thus, to reduce the risk of exposure of the foundry workers, the extraction of the casting should be done under the hood, and sufficient personal protective equipment should be used.

Evaluation of Pyrolysis and Steam Gasification Processes of Sugarcane Bagasse in a Fixed Bed Reactor

Sugarcane bagasse is the main byproduct of sugarcane mill, ready available at the production site so that it may be a suitable raw material for the production of biofuels, chemicals and electricity. Among the methods that have been widely studied, there are thermochemical processes such as gasification, pyrolysis and direct combustion. The direct combustion is used to produce electricity while the pyrolysis and gasification are used to obtain high value-added products such as bio-oil and synthesis gas (Syngas). In this study we performed a comparison between the experimental results by pyrolysis and gasification reactions. The pyrolysis and gasification of sugarcane bagasse was carried out, using a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor in order to produce bio-oil (pyrolysis) and Syngas (gasification). The gasification and pyrolysis were studied and evaluated the char, tar and gas production as well as the composition of the gas produced. For the pyrolysis temperature was varied from 500 °C to 900 °C and a quite broad reaction time range was considered. In gasification were evaluated the reaction temperature equal to 900 °C, reaction time and steam/bagasse ratio equal 2.0. The behavior for both process was presented.

Direct determination of vanadium in high saline produced waters from offshore petroleum exploration by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

The present work reports the development of a methodology for the direct determination of vanadium in high saline waters derived from offshore petroleum exploration employing electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Such waters, usually called produced waters, present complex composition containing various organic and inorganic substances. In order to attain best conditions (highest sensitivity besides lowest background) for the methodology, studies about the effects of several variables (evaluation of pyrolysis and atomization temperatures, type of chemical modifier, concentration of modifier and pyrolysis time) and the convenient calibration strategy were performed. Best conditions were reached with the addition of 10 μg of NH 4H 2PO 4 as chemical modifier employing pyrolysis (during 10 s) and atomization temperatures of 1500 and 2700 °C, respectively. Obtained results indicated that, in this kind of sample, vanadium can be determined by standard addition method or employing an external calibration approach with standard solutions prepared in 0.8 mol l −1 NaCl medium. In order to evaluate possible matrix interferences, a recovery test was performed with five spiked samples of produced waters. The limit of detection, limit of quantification and relative standard deviation in 0.8 mol l −1 NaCl medium were also calculated and the derived values were 1.9 μg l −1, 6.3 μg l −1 and 5.6% (at 10 μg l −1 level), respectively.