Evaluation Of Different Doses Research Articles

Evaluation of different doses of dexmedetomidine for awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation in patients undergoing oromaxillofacial and oral malignancy surgeries: A randomised, double-blind study.

In patients undergoing cancer surgeries with anticipated difficult airway, awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation (AFONI) is critical for securing the airway. However, different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) are yet to be evaluated in these patients. Thus, we compared three doses of DEX for AFONI in patients undergoing oromaxillofacial and oral malignancy surgeries. In this randomised, double-blind study, 90 patients aged 18-60 years of either gender, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II, and undergoing elective oromaxillofacial and oral malignancy surgeries were randomised to three groups: Group D1 (0.5 µg/kg DEX), Group D2 (1 µg/kg DEX), and Group D3 (1.5 µg/kg DEX). The primary outcome measure was the airway obstruction score. Secondary outcome measures were intubation scores (including vocal movement, coughing, and limb movements) and a 5-point fibreoptic intubation comfort score. Sedation was assessed using the Ramsay sedation score (RSS). One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to assess the association between quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The airway obstruction score was comparable between the groups (P = 0.78). Similarly, vocal movement (P = 0.15), coughing (P = 0.31), limb movement (P = 0.51), and 5-point fibreoptic intubation comfort score (P = 0.49) did not differ between the groups. The mean RSS was significantly greater in Group D3 than in Groups D1 and D2 (P = 0.001). In combination with topical spray and airway block, all three doses of DEX resulted in comparable airway obstruction scores and thus provided favourable conditions for AFONI.

Evaluation of different doses of acetic acid on the induction of acute ulcerative colitis and cytokine profile in BALB/c mice; An experimental study

Evaluation of different doses of acetic acid on the induction of acute ulcerative colitis and cytokine profile in BALB/c mice; An experimental study

Effect of Chitosan Biopolymer on Microbial Decay in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Variety ‘Dev’ under Ambient Temperature

The current study sought to investigate the influence of chitosan biopolymer against microbial decay in tomato. In the present study, bulk-chitosan at different concentrations (0.01, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20% w/v) along with control were evaluated on tomato variety ՙDev՚ by dipping fruits for 6 min and stored at ambient temperature (27ºC±2). Bulk-chitosan at 0.16% was found most effective to prevent microbial decay and maintain sensory evaluation from day 1 to days 21 as compared to control. Based on the aforementioned results and comparative evaluation of different doses of bulk-chitosan, we concluded that chitosan is very effective at less concentration and thus exert minimum chemical load on the treated tomatoes. Therefore, it may claim that chitosan biopolymer have potential to protects tomato against microbial decay.

Comparative evaluation of different doses of dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine 0.25% in caudal block for postoperative analgesia in paediatric patients.

Comparative evaluation of different doses of dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine 0.25% in caudal block for postoperative analgesia in paediatric patients.

Evaluation of Different Doses of Prilocaine in Inguinal Hernial Repair Surgeries: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Evaluation of Different Doses of Prilocaine in Inguinal Hernial Repair Surgeries: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Evaluation of Different doses and Modes of Application of Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate for Maximizing Rice Production

The field experiment on rice was carried out during the Kharif season 2021 at Agricultural Engineering Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) to evaluate the effect of ferrous ammonium sulfate (FASt) on rice production. Eight treatments were applied, namely RDF- Recommended dose of fertilizer (N:P:K) (120:60:40), RDF + FASt at 15 kg/ha for soil application, RDF + FASt at 25 kg/ha for soil application, RDF + FASt at 35 kg/ha for soil application, RDF + 2 Spray of FASt 0.25% at 25 and 45 DAT, RDF + 2 Spray of FASt 0.50% at 25 and 45 DAT, RDF + 1 Spray of FASt 0.25% at 25 DAT, RDF + 1 Spray of FASt 0.50% at 25 DAT. The studies revealed that applying FASt to transplanted rice significantly increased grain yield over the control. All the growth parameters and yield attributes were found highest in the treatment soil application of ferrous ammonium sulfate (FASt) at 35 kg/ha with a recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and more effective comparatively foliar application of FASt at 0.25% and 0.50%. It recorded a maximum grain yield (5188 kg/ha) with a higher harvest index (38.85).

Intrathecal Co-administration of Morphine Facilitated the Anti-nociceptive of Bupivacaine in a Rat Model of Acute Postoperative Pain.

Introduction: Bupivacaine is one of the commonly used agents for spinal anaesthesia. Moreover, co-administration with morphine can likely increase its anti-nociceptive effect bringing about a reduction in the required dose of bupivacaine. Though this has been observed clinically, preclinical studies on the efficacy of this drug combination are lacking.Methods: Sprague Dawley rats, previously implanted with intrathecal catheters, were administered either bupivacaine (30 mcg) or morphine (30 mcg) or both bupivacaine and morphine (15 mcg each). These doses were determined following prior evaluation of different doses of bupivacaine (3, 10 and 30 mcg). Rats were subjected to hind paw incision under isoflurane anaesthesia, 15 min after drug administration. Anti-nociception was evaluated by estimating mechanical allodynia in a fixed peri-incisional area using von Frey filaments. This was done 4 h after the incision.Results: Both bupivacaine and morphine attenuated allodynia though morphine was more effective. Co-administration of both drugs at half the doses increased the antinociceptive effect of bupivacaine to the 30 mcg dose level.Conclusion: The underlying reason for this enhanced anti-nociception could be the different neural mechanisms responsible for anti-nociception. Local anaesthetics inhibit the generation of action potentials by blocking sodium channels whereas opioids like morphine act through G-protein coupled mu opioid receptor-linked closure of calcium channels in presynaptic terminals. In conclusion, the addition of morphine can facilitate bupivacaine’s anti-nociceptive effect following intrathecal administration. This information could have clinical relevance in the treatment of postoperative pain.

Evaluation of Different Doses of the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole for the Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy and Its Effect on Villous Trophoblastic Tissue

Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has recently been introduced as a favorable medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy. We aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of letrozole for termination of ectopic pregnancy and study their effects on villous trophoblastic tissue. Sixty patients with undisturbed ectopic pregnancy were classified into three equal groups. Group I: the control group that contained women who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy, Group II: patients who received letrozole (5 mg day−1) for 10 days, and Group III: patients who received letrozole (10 mg day−1) for 10 days. Subsequently, the β-hCG levels were determined on the first day and after 11 days of treatment. Group IV consisted of patients of GII and GIII; their β-hCG did not drop below 100 mIU/ml within 11 days, and underwent salpingectomy. Placental tissues from patients undergoing salpingectomy either from the control group or GIV were processed for the evaluation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC-3) expression. Cases exposed to high dose letrozole 10 mg day−1 resulted in a higher ectopic pregnancy resolution rate of 85% (17/20), while the resolution rate of the low dose letrozole-treated group (5 mg day−1) was 65% (13/20), and also showed a significant reduction in β-hCG levels on the 11th day, 25.63 ± 4.29 compared to the low dose letrozole group 37.91 ± 7.18 (P < 0.001), Meanwhile, the letrozole-treated group GIV showed markedly reduced expression of ER, PR, and VEGF and a significant increase in the apoptotic index cleaved caspase-3 compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The utilization of letrozole at a dose of 10 mg day−1 for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy results in a high-successful rate without any severe side effects. Letrozole depriving the placenta of estrogen that had vascular supporting signals resulted in destroying the vascular network with marked apoptosis.Graphical abstract

A Prospective Phase I/II Trial to Jointly Optimize the Administration Schedule and Dose of Melphalan for Injection (Evomela) As a Preparative Regimen for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

A Prospective Phase I/II Trial to Jointly Optimize the Administration Schedule and Dose of Melphalan for Injection (Evomela) As a Preparative Regimen for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Efficacy of different dose of fungicide Mancozeb against purple blotch complex (Alternaria porri) of Shallot

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L) is subjected to attack by a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses which are the major constraints for higher production. Among the several diseases which attacked shallot, purple blotch disease of shallot caused by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif, is one of the most destructive disease; causing accountable losses of about 57 percent. Present study was aimed to determine the efficacies of different doses of fungicide (Mancozeb) against Alternaria leaf blight in shallot. A field experiment for the evaluation of different doses of mancozeb was conducted at Subang, West Java. The research used randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were six doses of mancozeb (3 g/L; 2.25 g/L; 1.5 g/L; 0.75 g/L; 0.5 g/L and 0 g/L of water) were applied after 7 days intervals. All Mancozeb doses reduce the disease severity compared to untreated control. Among the different treatments, minimum disease intensity (13.33 %) was observed when the plots were sprayed with mancozeb 3 g/L followed by mancozeb 2.25 g/L (20.27%), mancozeb 1.5 g/l (20.53%), mancozeb 0.75 g/L (21.07%) and mancozeb 0.50 g/L of water respectively.

PSXII-6 Supplementation of Angus crossbred steers with avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparations against the ruminal methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 does not alter in vivo methane emissions

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing twenty Angus crossbred steers with avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparations (PAP) against the ruminal methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 on in vivo methane production, using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique (Johnson et al., 1994). Steers were fed chopped bermudagrass hay (BGH) ad libitum and 0.7 kg d-1 of corn gluten feed. The experiment followed a change-over design. Treatments were 1) supplementation of 3 mL d-1 of PAP against M. ruminantium M1 (PAP-M1), and 2) supplementation of 3 mL d-1 of a non-immunized egg product (CON). Individual BGH intake was recorded using an electronic radio-frequency monitoring system (GrowSafe System Ltd., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada). There was a 14-d adaptation period to the feeding regime, with no PAP supplementation, followed by an 18-d treatment period. Steers were dosed with brass permeation tubes with a known release rate of SF6 on d 7 of treatment period. Enteric methane emissions were sampled from d 13 to 18 of the treatment period, into N-rinsed pre-evacuated U-shaped polyvinyl chloride canisters (2 L) through a capillary tube. Methane emissions were averaged per animal within period. Data were analyzed as a change-over design using a model with fixed effects of order, period, and treatment and random effect of steer within order. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different (P = 0.44) between treatments. Methane emissions, expressed as grams per day (P = 0.86), as grams per kilogram of DMI (P = 0.78), or in terms of methane emission factors (Ym, P = 0.78) were not different between PAP-M1 and CON treatments. Supplementation of steers with PAP against M. ruminantium M1 did not decrease enteric methane emissions. Based on preliminary ex situ trials, evaluation of different doses and combinations of PAP against other methanogenic species warrant further investigation.

Evaluation of Different Doses of Melatonin Effect on Post-Operation Pain Score in Patients Who Underwent Caesarian Section with Spinal Anesthesia, a Double Blind Clinical Trial

Evaluation of Different Doses of Melatonin Effect on Post-Operation Pain Score in Patients Who Underwent Caesarian Section with Spinal Anesthesia, a Double Blind Clinical Trial

A comparative evaluation of different doses of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in unilateral inguinal hernioplasty.

Background and Aims:The present study is designed to evaluate addition of two different doses of dexmedetomidine (0.25 mcg/kg and 0.5 mcg/kg) as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernioplasty.Material and Methods:A total of 90 patients scheduled to undergo elective unilateral open inguinal hernioplasty were divided into three groups in a randomized triple blind way. In group B (n = 30), patients received TAP block using 22 ml of solution, consisting of 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 2 ml of normal saline; in group BD1 (n = 30), patients received TAP block using 22 ml of solution, consisting of 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine 0.25 mcg/kg dissolved in 2 ml of normal saline; while in group BD2 (n = 30), patients received TAP block using 22 ml of solution, consisting of 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg dissolved in 2 ml of normal saline.Results:Time to first analgesia was significantly prolonged in group BD2 (874.48 ± 118.28 minutes) as compared to BD1 (536.5 ± 60.35 minutes) and B (341.5 ± 46.22 minutes) (P < 0.0001). Total consumption of diclofenac was also reduced in BD2 (80.17 ± 19.34 mg) as compared with B (150 ± 0 mg) and BD1 (147.5 ± 13.69 mg) (P < 0.001). Patients in dexmedetomidine group were more sedated at 1-hour (P < 0.05). None of our patients required any intervention for hemodynamic changes which were significantly more in dexmedetomidine group.Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine in a dose of 0.5 mcg/kg is better than dose of 0.25 mcg/kg as an adjuvant to 0.25% bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block for post-operative pain relief in unilateral inguinal hernioplasty. However, it causes mores sedation and hemodynamic changes.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CLINICAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF FORMULATED AND MARKETED MYRRH EXTRACT IN CAPSULES

Objective: The development of myrrh extract from natural origin capable of eradicating schistosomal infection has gained the interest of many scientists. Recently, myrrh extract is considered as the drug of choice from natural origin used to treat schistosomiasis. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hard gelatin capsules of myrrh extract in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni compared to Mirazid which is the only herbal drug present in the market.&#x0D; Methods: In the present study, the clinical evaluation of different doses of formulated myrrh extract hard gelatin capsules against different grades of S. mansoni infections (mild, moderate, and heavy) was carried out and compared with marketed soft gelatin capsules Mirazid.&#x0D; Results: In all types of S. mansoni infection, it was clear that the efficacy of n-hexane and alcohol myrrh extracts hard gelatin capsules was higher than or equal to that of Mirazid soft gelatin capsules.&#x0D; Conclusion: Hard gelatin capsules of myrrh extract (mixed doses) are more effective and more economic as a pharmaceutical dosage form for pharmaceutical manufacturers than Mirazid soft gelatin capsules. Consequently, with its lower price, it can reach the poor patient which is the main patient of schistosomiasis.

Comparative evaluation of different doses of gabapentin and celecoxib as multimodal oral analgesia in patients of spine fixation surgery

Comparative evaluation of different doses of gabapentin and celecoxib as multimodal oral analgesia in patients of spine fixation surgery

Comparative Evaluation of Different Doses of Intravenous Clonidine in Attenuation of Haemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation

Comparative Evaluation of Different Doses of Intravenous Clonidine in Attenuation of Haemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation

Evaluation of different doses of transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during labour: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPain during labour is one of the most intense pain that women may experience in their lifetime. There are several non-pharmacological analgesic methods to relieve pain during labour, among them transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a low-frequency electrotherapy technique, analgesic type, generally used in musculoskeletal pathology, but it has also come to be used as an alternative treatment during labour. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pain-relieving effect of a TENS application during labour and to find out the most effective dose.MethodsThis study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. TENS therapy was initiated at the beginning of the active phase of labour. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups (21 per group: two active TENS and one placebo). Active TENS 1 intervention consisted in a constant frequency of 100-Hz, 100-μs, active TENS 2 intervention consisted in a varying high-frequency (80–100 Hz), 350 μs, and in a placebo group, participants were connected to the TENS unit without electrical stimulation. TENS was applied with two self-adhesive electrodes placed parallel to the spinal cord (T10–L1 and S2–S4 levels). The primary outcome was pain intensity (0–10 cm) measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) at several stages (at baseline and at 10 and 30 min later). Secondary outcomes included women’s satisfaction (via the Care in Obstetrics: Measure for Testing Satisfaction scale).ResultsSixty-three women participated. Regarding baseline characteristics, no differences were found among the three groups. The active TENS 2 group obtained an improvement with clinically significant VAS results (− 2.9, 95% confidence interval – 4.1 to − 1.6, p < 0.001). Regarding satisfaction, the results also revealed better results in the active TENS than in the placebo group.ConclusionsTENS with high frequencies modified in time as well as high pulse width are effective for relieving labour pain, and they are well considered by pregnant participants.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03137251. Registered on 2 May 2017.

Use of high doses of the methotrexate in children suffering from some form of cancer: specificities of the accompanying therapy, assessing the toxicity

Introduction. Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most commonly used anti-tumor preparations which confirm it effectiveness against the large spectrum of the oncological diseases in children. Today the use of high doses of the MTX (g/m2 ) in the monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agent is a standard of treatment of such nosology as osteosarcoma, tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Despite of the developed recommendations on the fluid therapy, therapeutic monitoring, use of leukovorin which allowed to reduce the expected toxicity among some patients it is not always possible to prevent the development of complications. Ex post evaluation of different doses of schedule of the high-dose MTX is necessary in order to formulate new and effective treatment strategies with respect to the individual specifics of the patients. Materials and methods . During the period from October 2015 to February 2018, a patient cohort (n = 26) who received high-dose MTX therapy with the following nosology: osteosarcoma – 4, hemoblastosis – 11, and CNS – 11 tumors was evaluated. The average age of the patients was 7.3 years old; ratio of boys:girls – 2.25: 1. The used doses were ranged from 1 to 12 g/m 2 , the doses schedules ranged from 4 to 36 hours; the total number of courses during the observation period was 94; the average number of courses per patient was 3. In all cases, the level of MTX in the blood serum was monitored with correction of the dose of leucovorin according to international recommendations. Estimated toxicity parameters were the following: allergic reactions, skin and mucous membrane damage, neurologic disorders, myelosuppression, hepatic transaminase and creatinine growth. Results. Transitory toxicity was noted for 100 % of patients, of which clinically significant was in 62.7 % of cases. The development of complications that had required the use of antibacterial and blood transfusion therapy occurred after 36 courses of therapy (38.2 %), of wich in 24 cases (66.6 %) MTX was performed in combination with other antitumor agents. No cases of acute kidney injury were presented, there was no significant difference in creatinine level before and after high-dose MTX courses. The highest frequency of episodes of hepatotoxicity was noted in the group of patients diagnosed with “osteosarcoma”. After reduction the episodes of toxicity with the use of high-dose MTX, all patients continued programmed chemotherapy. Conclusions. Against the background of an adequate accompanying therapy (infusion therapy with alkalization of urine, pharmacodynamic monitoring, correction of the leucovorin dose), it is possible to achieve satisfactory tolerability of high doses of MTX. The combination of high doses of MTX with other antitumor drugs leads to a significant increase in the toxicity. Despite of the noted complications of therapy, continuation of treatment with the use of previous doses of MTX (does not require reduction) is possible, and a decrease in the rate of MTX removal is not always a predictor of episodes of the toxicity.

Comparative Evaluation of Different Doses of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamic Response during Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Spine Surgeries: A Prospective, Double-Blind Study.

Background:Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 (α2)-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been used to blunt the hemodynamic response associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, which is a common concern for the anesthesiologist, especially in high-risk patients and geriatric age group.Aim and Objectives:The current study is to evaluate and compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine in controlling hemodynamic response during tracheal intubation in geriatric patients.Materials and Methods:After getting approval from the Ethical Committee, 90 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status Classes I and II, aged ≥60 years, were randomly assigned into three groups: Group I (normal saline, n = 30), Group II – dexmedetomidine (0.50 μg/kg, n = 30), and Group III – dexmedetomidine (1.00 μg/kg, n = 30). Dexmedetomidine was infused for 10 min before induction. Data were recorded as before infusion (T0), at the end of infusion (T1), before tracheal intubation (T2), at the moment of tracheal intubation (T3) 5 min after tracheal intubation (T4), and 10 min after tracheal intubation (T5). Modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale score was observed at the time of T0 and T1. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 22.Results:Mean systolic blood pressure was statistically significantly (P < 0.05) more among Group I compared to Group II and III at T2, T3, and T4. Mean heart rate (HR) value was significantly (P < 0.05) more among Group I compared to Group III from T1 to T5, whereas there was no significant change in HR between Group I and Group II and at T4 and T5 h was comparable in Group II and Group III.Conclusion:This study concluded that more acceptable hemodynamic changes were seen with 0.50 μg/kg dexmedetomidine when compared with 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine during intubation. A lower dose besides being cost-effective is also free of side effects associated with the higher dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine.

Systematic evaluation of different doses of cyclophosphamide induction therapy for lupus nephritis.

Objective:This study systemically evaluated the efficacy and safety of intermittent intravenous pulse therapy with different doses of cyclophosphamide (CTX) for the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN).Methods:We screened the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI, 1994–present), China Biology Medicine (CBMdisc, 1978–present), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (1989–present), PubMed (1948–present), MEDLINE (Ovid SP, 1946–present), Embase (1947–present), and the Cochrane controlled trials register (13, 2017). Literature reports were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, effective data were extracted, research quality was evaluated, and RevMan5.2 was used for meta-analysis.Results:Seven randomized controlled studies were included, consisting of 655 patients. The meta-analysis results showed no significant differences between the low- and high-dose cyclophosphamide groups in partial, complete, and total remission rates as well Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in hematologic toxicity and gastrointestinal reaction, but the risk of infection (risk ratio [RR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.98, total effect inspection Z = 2.12, P = .03), and menstrual disorder (RR = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.31–0.69, total effect inspection Z = 3.83, P = .0001) decreased in the low-dose cyclophosphamide group.Conclusions:There was no obvious difference between the low- and high-dose cyclophosphamide groups in efficacy in the treatment of lupus nephritis, but the risk of infection and menstrual disorder significantly decreased in the low-dose group.