Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Evaluation of antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant activities and silver nanoparticles synthesized from Indian Clove- Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract

The Indian Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a naturally occurring spice with significant biological properties. It is primarily found in India and Indonesia, but can also be cultivated in other coastal areas. Clove is commonly used as a natural preservative and in the production of natural medicines. One of the notable benefits of clove is its ability to help treat diseases caused by various bacteria and fungi, including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Z. mobilis, and C. albicans. Additionally, clove possesses antioxidant properties that can help reduce cell damage caused by free radicals. Clove has also shown potential in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and reducing the activity of enzymes such as amylase, glucosidase, and lipase, which can be beneficial for managing diabetes. The study demonstrated that Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Indian clove leaf extract exhibited promising antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. This suggests that these nanoparticles could have versatile applications in antimicrobial therapy, cancer treatment, diabetes management, and antioxidant supplementation. However, further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these activities and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these nanoparticles in more complex biological systems. In summary, clove possesses diverse biological properties and has potential applications in various therapeutic areas. The synthesis of AgNPs from clove leaf extract shows promise in multiple fields, but more research is required for a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and broader applications.

Comparative evaluation of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial potential of Euphorbia-derived functional products.

This study assessed the medicinal properties of Euphorbia resinifera O. Berg (E. resinifera) and Euphorbia officinarum subsp echinus (Hook.f. and Coss.) Vindt (Euphorbia echinus, known for their pharmaceutical benefits. Extracts from their flowers, stems, propolis, and honey were examined for phenolic content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total condensed tannin (TCC) were determined using specific methods. Antioxidant potential was assessed through various tests including DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and Total antioxidant capacity. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using phenol-induced ear edema in rats, while antibacterial activity was measured against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative (E. coli ATCC 10536) bacteria. Among the extracts, the aqueous propolis extract of E. resinifera demonstrated exceptional antioxidant capabilities, with low IC50 values for DPPH (0.07 ± 0.00mg/mL) and ABTS (0.13 ± 0.00mg/mL), as well as high TAC (176.72 ± 0.18mg AA/mg extract) and FRAP (86.45 ± 1.45mg AA/mg extract) values. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of E. resinifera propolis extracts surpassed that of indomethacin, yielding edema percentages of 3.92% and 11.33% for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Microbiological results indicated that the aqueous extract of E. resinifera flower exhibited the most potent inhibitory action against S. aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 21.0 ± 0.00mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125mg/mL. Additionally, only E. resinifera honey displayed the ability to inhibit E. coli growth, with an inhibition zone diameter of 09.30 ± 0.03mm and a MIC of 0.0433mg/mL.

Comparative Study of The Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activity of Three Chemotypes of Peppermint

The aim of the work was to study the composition of the alcohol extract, antioxidant activity and pharmacological properties of peppermint leaves of three forms - menthol, linalool and carvone. Materials and methods: Chromatography-mass-spectrometric analysis was performed on an Agilent Technologies device. For the model evaluation of antioxidant activity, the aerometric method for measuring the total antioxidant activity was used, implemented in the TsvetYauza-01-AA device. Tonic activity was studied in terms of the duration of swimming of laboratory animal (male mice) with a load of 7% of the animal's body weight until complete fatigue - "The mouse forced swim test". The discussion of the results. When studying the chemical composition of medicinal plant raw materials of peppermint leaves of menthol, linalool, carvone types, more than 50 compounds were identified. A comparative analysis showed that the content of menthol in peppermint leaves of the menthol type can exceed the content of menthol in other chemotypes by ten or more times. At the same time, the tonic effect of an aqueous extract from peppermint leaves is mostly associated with the menthol. It should be taken into account when using this type of raw material in the manufacturing. Findings. The raw material of peppermint leaves may have a different degree of pharmacological activity depending on the chemotype, which should be taken into consideration when using this type of raw material.

Metabolic Profiling, GC-MS, LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis, Phenolics Isolation and Biological Evaluation of the Aerial Parts Extracts of Felicia abyssinica L.

Felicia abyssinica L., family Asteraceae, is widely used in folk medicine. This represents the first study to investigate its phytoconstituents and pharmacological effects. Phytoconstituents identified by GC-MS, LC-ESI-MS/MS-based metabolomics, and NMR (1D & 2D). GC-MS of the (FAMEs) revealed mainly the identification of 55 fatty acids. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis resulted in the tentative identity of 13 compounds representing flavonoids, phenolics, and fatty acids. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest total flavonoids 66.19 mg/mL Rutin equivalent, while the methanolic fraction showed the highest phenolics 87.70 mg/mL gallic acid equivalent, and the total condensed tannins were 64.35 μg CE/mg catechins equivalent. A flavonoid and a cinnamic acid derivative were identified as quercetin 3-O-(2'''-O-acetyl) rutinoside (Mumikotin A) (1) and Methyl sinapate (2). Biological evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities was carried out. Cytotoxicity was examined on HepG-2 cell lines where the average cell viability was 91.42 % and 52.48 % for concentrations 10 and 100 μg/mL respectively. Methylene chloride and methanolic fractions showed the highest antioxidant activity 225 μg/mL Ascorbic acid equivalents. It is hypothesized that high phenolics, flavonoid content, and oxygenated identified compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity and can be regarded as a promising species for nutraceuticals active antioxidants with potential value for remedy.

Synthesis of New Chiral β-Carbonyl Selenides with Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Evaluation-Part I.

A series of unsymmetrical phenyl β-carbonyl selenides with o-amido function substituted on the nitrogen atom with chiral alkyl groups was obtained. The compounds form a series of enantiomeric and diastereomeric pairs and present the first examples of this type of chiral Se derivatives. All obtained selenides were further evaluated as antioxidants and anticancer agents to define the influence of the particular stereochemistry of the attached functional groups on the bioactivity of the molecules. The highest H2O2 reduction potential was observed for N-(cis-2-hydroxy-1-indanyl)-2-((2-oxopropyl)selanyl)benzamide, and the best radical scavenging properties for N-(-1-hydroxy-2-butanyl)-2-((2-oxopropyl)selanyl)benzamide. Also, both enantiomers of the N-(1-hydroxy-2-butanyl) selenide expressed the highest cytotoxic potential towards human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell line with similar IC50 values 14.4 ± 0.5 and 16.2 ± 1.1 µM, respectively. On the other hand, breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was most sensitive to N-((R)-(-)-1-hydroxy-2-butanyl)- 2-((2-oxopropyl)selanyl)benzamide (IC50 of 35.7 ± 0.6 µM). The structure-activity dependence of the obtained Se derivatives was discussed, and the most potent compounds were selected.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities of Raspberry Fruit Extract: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction Rubus idaeus (R. idaeus)is an edible fruit thatcontains numerous significant bioactive compounds that hold important biological properties and are categorized as nutraceuticals owing to the health benefits it imparts including decreasing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, cancer, heart disease, and many other diseases.The objective of the present research was to explorethe antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the aqueous raspberry extractthrough in vitro assays. Materials and methods R. idaeus aqueous extract was prepared and examined for its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacteria and Candida albicans (C. albicans) fungi using the agar-well diffusion method, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) radical scavenging assay and the hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of the prepared extract was investigated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg albumin denaturation assays. Results R. idaeus fruit extract displayed strong antimicrobial activity at a higher concentration of 100 µL with a 26 mm zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans and 24 mm for Candida albicans. The extract showed 87.42% hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity and inhibited 91.12% DPPH free radicals at the highest concentration of 50 µg/mL. The extract showed effective anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin (80%) and egg albumin proteins (77%) at the highest concentration of 50 μg/mL.The free radical scavenging activity positively correlates with the increased concentration of the prepared extract against DPPH and hydrogen peroxide free radicals, thus showing the raspberry extract's potent antioxidant activity. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory assay result shows that the prepared raspberry aqueous extract has excellent anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin and egg albumin protein in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The meticulously prepared raspberry extract exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, and owing to its astounding therapeutic benefits it holds a tremendous promise as a natural alternative in the field of oral medicine especially in the management of oral mucosal lesions, oral potentially malignant lesions such as lichen planus and leukoplakia, candidiasis, oral cancer and oral mucositis. Further animal studies and clinical trials are recommended to fully reap the therapeutics potential of raspberry extract.

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities ethanol extract of propolis Trigona spp. from different vegetation in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstract. Tirtasari K, Suwanti LT, Mufasirin, Hastutiek P, Indasari EN, Kurnijasanti R, Plumeriastuti H, Safitri E, Hestianah EP. 2024. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities ethanol extract of propolis Trigona spp. from different vegetation in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 404-411. Propolis is a natural substance containing a resin that is collected by honey bees from various plants and has a significant effect on human health such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anesthetic, antioxidant, antitumoural, antiprotozoal, anticancer, antihypertensive, anticarcinogenic, antihepatotoxic and has cytotoxic activity. Cultivation of Trigona spp. in Lombok is growing rapidly. Trigona spp. produces more propolis than honey bees of Apis spp., but bee products that are maximally utilized are only honey, and propolis has not been utilized optimally. Currently, there is no scientific validation of the phytochemical content, bioactive compounds, and biological activities of ethanol extract propolis Trigona spp. from Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. So, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of propolis. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to determine the bioactive compounds of ethanol extract propolis. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The composition of propolis compounds is different for each propolis depending on the bee species and the vegetation source from which the resin was collected. In this research, propolis was collected from different vegetation sources (cashews, moringa, coffee, and lote trees). This study used qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and the antioxidant DPPH test. Different components and percentages cause significant variations in the results obtained from phytochemical tests. The content is different in various propolis, there are saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. The highest antioxidant activity was found in propolis with moringa resin 38.4150 (very strong), followed by lote tree resin -66.0420 (strong), cashew resin 81.8140 (strong), and coffee resin 100.7465 (moderate).

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Marine Actinobacterium Micromonospora sp. and Their Bioactive Potential.

Background The biosynthesis of nanoparticles represents a rapid, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and straightforward technology. This approach allows for the production of nanoparticles with a wide range of chemical compositions, sizes, shapes, high uniformity, and scalability. One of the principal advantages of biogenic nanoparticles is their water solubility and compatibility with biological systems. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles have demonstrated superior efficiency compared to conventionally synthesized particles. Among biosynthesis, microbial-mediated biosynthesis is a promising one that has a selectively reducing ability on specific metal ions through electron transfer. Objectives Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticle synthesized by actinobacteria Micromonospora sp. which is isolated from marine environment. Materials and methods In this study, actinobacteria were isolated from the marine sediment using the spread plate method. The isolates were identified based on morphological observation, cell wall amino acids, sugar analysis, and micromorphological analysis. The silver nanoparticle synthesis from microbes and their inhibition against clinical pathogens have been evaluated by the disc diffusion method.Antioxidant efficiency was evaluated in termsof total antioxidant activity through ammonium molybdenum assay. Results A total of five isolates were isolated from the sediment sample. The cell-free extract of MBIT-MSA4 can synthesize silver nanoparticles that have potential antimicrobial activity against the clinical pathogens Streptococcus mutans at a zone of inhibition 6 mm, 10 mm inhibition zone of Klebsiella pneumonia,and 8 mm zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. Also, it has significant antioxidant activity up to 73% of free radical inhibition. Conclusion Marine microbial-mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have potential antimicrobial activity against S.mutansand methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and inhibit the oxidation process through antioxidant activity. Thisenhanced efficient biosynthesisednanoparticle has significantly reduced the concentration of free radicals caused by pathogens.

Anti-oxidant and neuro-modulatory effects of bioactive Byttneria pilosa leaf extract in swiss albino mice using behavioral models.

Byttneria pilosa, a flowering plant from the Malvaceae family traditionally used to treat ailments such as boils and scabies, is here investigated for its potential health benefits. The study focused on evaluating its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in vitro, as well as the in vivo anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the methanol extract of B. pilosa leaf (MEBP). The study employed various assays to evaluate antioxidant activity, including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power capacity, and quantification of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of MEBP. Additionally, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated through four tests: elevated plus-maze test (EPMT), light-dark box test (LDBT), forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). Antidiabetic effect was determined using α-amylase inhibition assay. Docking analysis was performed using BIOVIA and Schrödinger Maestro (v11.1), and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/toxicity (ADME/T) properties of bioactive substances were investigated using a web-based technique. MEBP exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power capacity assays, with a dose-dependent response. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents measured were 70 ± 1.53mg and 22.33 ± 1.20mg, respectively. MEBP demonstrated significant effects in α-amylase inhibition comparable to acarbose. In behavioral tests, MEBP dose-dependently altered time spent in open arms/light box and closed arms/dark box, indicating anxiolytic effects. Moreover, MEBP significantly reduced immobility duration in FST and TST, suggesting antidepressant properties. Molecular docking analysis revealed favorable interactions between beta-sitosterol and specific targets, suggesting the potential mediation of anxiolytic and antidiabetic effects. Overall, MEBP exhibits notable anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, along with moderate antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

Phytochemical Investigation and in vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities Evaluation of Erianthemum aethiopicum Wiens and Polhill.

Erianthemum aethiopicum Wiens and Polhill (Loranthaceae) is a parasitic plant native to north eastern Africa and Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, it is traditionally used to treat breast swelling, mastitis, morning illnesses and vomiting. This study aimed to screen the main phytochemical constituents; determine the total amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins; and evaluate the antimicrobial (against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sciuri, Candida glaebosa and Cryptococcus albidus) and antioxidant (against DPPH radical and ferric ion) activities of E. aethiopicum leaves extracts. Powdered E. aethiopicum leaves were macerated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol. All crude extracts were qualitatively screened for phytochemical identification. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents of the chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the aforementioned microbes using agar disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution techniques. Chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts were also evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH and ferric ion reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Methanol (17.56 ± 16%) and ethanol (16.45 ± 19%) showed better extraction efficiency. Flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and sterols were detected in all extracts. The highest total content of phenolics (22.63 ± 0.69 mgGAE/gDCE), flavonoids (5.38 ± 0.52 mgCE/gDCE) and tannins (39.18 ± 38 mg CE/g DCE), as milligram of gallic acid and catechin per gram of dried crude extract, were recorded in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract also presented best anti -DPPH strength (IC50, 4.31 μg/mL) and ferric ion reduction power (absorbance of 0.71) though found weak compared to the ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.49 μg/mL and absorbance of 0.93, respectively). All evaluated extracts displayed antifungal activity against both Cryptococcus albidus and Candida glaebosa strains (minimum inhibitory concentration values of 12.5-25 mg/mL), whereas they were found to have negligible activity against all tested bacterial strains. This report provides preliminary information for further phytochemical investigation of Erianthemum aethiopicum to isolate potential antioxidant and antifungal compounds.

Reduction of Saturated Fat in Dark Chocolate using Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Oil Oleogel

This research studied the effectiveness of Sacha Inchi Oil Oleogel (SIOO) as a partial replacement for saturated fat in dark chocolate. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) and a good source of tocopherols. This study prepared oleogels using sacha inchi oil as a base oil and food-grade beeswax as an oleogelator. Different percentages of SIOO (1%, 2.5% and 5.0%) were added in the dark chocolate. Dark chocolate without SIOO was used as a control. Fatty acid profile, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of the formulated dark chocolates with SIOO were investigated. The incorporation of SIOO significantly (p<0.05) lowered the saturated fat and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids in dark chocolate samples. This study also showed that the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of dark chocolates enriched with 2.5 and 5.0% SIOO were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other chocolate samples. Sensory evaluation showed that control and dark chocolates added with SIOO (1% and 2.5%) received similar scores for all sensory attributes. However, the highest concentration of SIOO decreased significantly (p<0.05) the scores for the taste and overall acceptability of dark chocolate. Therefore, the enrichment of sacha inchi oil oleogel as a functional ingredient could reduce the saturated fat and increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant activity of the formulated dark chocolate, which is well-accepted by consumers.

Evaluation of Yield Components, Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidative Activity and Mineral Composition in Quince Genotypes

Evaluation of Yield Components, Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidative Activity and Mineral Composition in Quince Genotypes

Studying the impact of phycoerythrin on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the fresh rainbow trout fillets

Marine cyanobacteria present a significant potential source of new bioactive compounds with vast structural diversity and relevant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) like phycocyanin (PC), phycoerythrin (PE), and water-soluble cyanobacterial photosynthetic pigments, have exhibited strong pharmacological activities and been used as natural food additives. In this study, phycoerythrin (PE) isolated from a marine strain of cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Ft salt, was applied for the first time as a natural antimicrobial as well as an antioxidant to increase the shelf life of fresh rainbow trout i.e., (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. Fresh trout fillets were marinated in analytical grade PE (3.9 μg/mL) prepared in citric acid (4 mg/mL), and stored at 4 °C and 8 °C for 21 days. Microbiological analysis, antioxidant activity and organoleptic evaluation of both control and treated fish fillets were then statistically compared. The results demonstrated noticeable (P < 0.05) differences in the microbial counts, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic characteristic values between PE-treated and non-treated groups. In addition, we observed that treating fresh fish fillets with a PE solution leads to a significant increase in shelf life by at least 14 days. Consequently, PE could be an alternative to synthetic chemical additives since it does not contain the potentially dangerous residues of the synthetic chemical additives and is thus healthier to the consumers.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anti-oxidant Activities of Suaeda monoica Extract for Its Potential Application.

An assessment of Suaeda monoica extract's antimicrobial and antioxidant properties was undertaken in light of its possible application as an oral care product. The maintenance of optimal dental health is just as important as overall wellness. Food particles become trapped in the mouth cavity, making it easy for oral bacteria to infect. The study sought to ascertain the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of salt marsh Suaeda monoica extract. Leaves of Suaeda monoica,collected, dried and powdered, were dissolved in 70% methanol and the extract of 25-100 μg/ml was analyzed for antioxidant activity through total antioxidant assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and total reducing power. Suaeda monoica antibacterial activity was also performed and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for 75 μg/ml, 100μg/ml, and 150 μg/ml concentrations and tetracycline in 10mcg/disc as a control against three different oral pathogens:Staphylococcus mutans, Streptococcus aureus, and Klebsiella spp. At varying concentrations of 75 mg/ml to 150 mg/ml, Suaeda monoica extracts are efficacious with varying concentrations against the investigated bacterial strains. In the present study, in the DPPH assay, total reducing power, and total antioxidant activity assay, there was an increase in inhibitory percentage as the concentration increased from 25-100 µg/ml, showing maximum inhibition at 100 µg/ml concentration. The results of the investigation show thatSuaeda monoicahas significant antibacterialand antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner and can be potentially used as an oral care agent after it is assessed for clinical use.

Indenoquinoxaline-phenylacrylohydrazide hybrids as promising drug candidates for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: In vitro and in silico evaluation of enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity

Existing drugs that are being used to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus are associated with several side effects; thus, exploring potential drug candidates is still an utter need these days. Hybrids of indenoquinoxaline and hydrazide have never been explored as antidiabetic agents. In this study, a series of new indenoquinoxaline-phenylacrylohydrazide hybrids (1−30) were synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, as well as for their antioxidant properties. All scaffolds exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against both enzymes, with IC50 values ranging from 2.34 to 61.12 μM for α-amylase and 0.42 to 54.72 μM for α-glucosidase. Particularly, compounds 10, 16, 17, 18, 24, and 25 demonstrated the highest efficacy in inhibiting α-amylase, while compounds 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 13, 16, 17, 18, 24, and 25 were the most effective α-glucosidase inhibitors, compared to standard acarbose. Moreover, most of these compounds displayed substantial antioxidant potential compared to standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Kinetics studies revealed competitive inhibition modes by compounds. Furthermore, a comprehensive in silico study and toxicity prediction were also conducted, further validating these analogs as potential drug candidates. The structured compounds demonstrated enhanced profiles, underscoring their potential as primary candidates in drug discovery.

Evaluation of anti cancer activity, anti-oxidant activity and Anti inflammatory activity of coumarin and phenothiazine derivatives

Evaluation of anti cancer activity, anti-oxidant activity and Anti inflammatory activity of coumarin and phenothiazine derivatives

Characterization and evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Haloxylon persicum

The biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is considered a fast, environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology. This study investigated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Haloxylon persicum leaf as a rangeland plant. The formation of AgNPs was examined by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The color change of the sample from yellow to brown and the absorption peak of about 430 nm showed the synthesis of AgNPs. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated AgNP crystal planes with a face-centred cubic (FCC) structure at (111), (200), (220), and (311). FTIR analysis revealed that nanoparticles are coated with plant compounds and phenolic compounds; tannins and flavonoids in the extract act as reducing and stabilizing agents. EDX analysis showed a distinct peak at 3.0 kV, which indicated the successful synthesis and high purity of the AgNPs. Electron microscopy estimated the average size of synthesized AgNPs to be 10 nm. Analysis of the results of the total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity showed that the synthesized AgNPs have higher antioxidant activity than the plant extract. Also, the AgNPs indicated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of this study provide the field of further development of antibacterial and antioxidant drugs using cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods.

Phytochemical Potential, in Vitro Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents from the Leaves Extracts of Blumea Lacera Collected from Giridih District, Jharkhand

Blumea lacera (DC.) DC., a member of the Asteraceae family, traditionally finds use in various ailments across different Indian regions. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical potential, in vitro antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid content of B. lacera leaf extracts harvested from Giridih district, Jharkhand. Dried leaf samples were exhaustively extracted with ethanol. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using standard chemical tests and spectrophotometric method. DPPH and ABTS assays were employed to evaluate antioxidant activity. Total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, suggesting diverse bioactive potential. TLC analysis identified chlorogenic acid and chicoric acid as major phenolic compounds. Both DPPH and ABTS assays confirmed significant antioxidant activity, exceeding that of ascorbic acid, a known antioxidant standard. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be high, further corroborating the observed antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrates the remarkable phytochemical potential and potent antioxidant activity of B. lacera leaves from Giridih district. The abundance of identified phenolics and flavonoids likely contributes to the observed in vitro antioxidant activity, suggesting potential nutraceutical and pharmacological applications. Further research is warranted to explore the in vivo efficacy and specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed effects.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Activities of Roots and Seeds of Ammi visnaga L. Methanol Extract.

For centuries, plants and their components have been harnessed for therapeutic purposes, with Ammi visnaga L. (Khella) being no exception to this rich tradition. While existing studies have shed light on the cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of seed extracts, there remains a noticeable gap in research about the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer potential of root extracts. This study seeks to address this gap by systematically examining methanol extracts derived from the roots of A. visnaga L. and comparing their effects with those of seed extracts specifically against breast cancer cells. Notably, absent from previous investigations, this study focuses on the comparative analysis of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of both root and seed extracts. The methanol extract obtained from A. visnaga L. seeds demonstrated a notably higher level of total phenolic content (TPC) than its root counterpart, measuring 366.57 ± 2.86 and 270.78 ± 2.86 mg GAE/g dry weight of the dry extract, respectively. In the evaluation of antioxidant activities using the DPPH method, the IC50 values for root and seed extracts were determined to be 193.46 ± 17.13 μg/mL and 227.19 ± 1.48 μg/mL, respectively. Turning our attention to cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), both root and seed extracts displayed similar cytotoxic activities, with IC50 values of 92.45 ± 2.14 μg/mL and 75.43 ± 2.32 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both root and seed extracts exhibited a noteworthy modulation of gene expression, upregulating the expression of caspase and Bax mRNA levels while concurrently suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-xL and Bcl-2), thereby reinforcing their potential as anticancer agents. A. visnaga L. seed extract outperforms the root extract in antimicrobial activities, exhibiting lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.81 ± 0.24 to 125 ± 7.63 μg/mL. This highlights the seeds' potential as potent antibacterial agents, expanding their role in disease prevention. Overall, this study underscores the diverse therapeutic potentials of A. visnaga L. roots and seeds, contributing to the understanding of plant-derived extracts in mitigating disease risks.

Rapid Analysis of Compounds from Piperis Herba and Piperis Kadsurae Caulis and Their Differences Using High-Resolution Liquid-Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Network Binding Antioxidant Activity.

There is a serious mixing of Piperis Herba and Piperis Kadsurae Caulis in various parts of China due to the similar traits of lianas, and there is a lack of systematic research on the compound and activity evaluation of the two. Likewise, the differences in compounds brought about by the distribution of origin also need to be investigated. In this study, high-resolution liquid-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Zeno-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze samples of Piperis Herba from five origins and Piperis Kadsurae Caulis from five origins, with three batches collected from each origin. The compounds were identified based on precise molecular weights, secondary fragments, and an online database combined with node-to-node associations of the molecular network. The t-test was used to screen and analyze the differential compounds between the two. Finally, the preliminary evaluation of antioxidant activity of the two herbs was carried out using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The results showed that a total of 72 compounds were identified and deduced in the two Chinese medicines. These compounds included 54 amide alkaloids and 18 other compounds, such as flavonoid glycosides. The amide alkaloids among them were then classified, and the cleavage pathways in positive ion mode were summarized. Based on the p-value of the t-test, 32 differential compounds were screened out, and it was found that the compounds of Piperis Herba were richer and possessed a broader spectrum of antioxidant activity, thus realizing a multilevel distinction between Piperis Herba and Piperis Kadsurae Caulis. This study provides a preliminary reference for promoting standardization and comprehensive quality research of the resources of Piperis Herba using Piperis Kadsurae Caulis as a reference.