Evaluation Method Of Capacity Research Articles

Capacity Evaluation Method of Ship Terminal Area Based on Network Maximum Flow

With the development of modern military ship equipment, the airspace operation environment of shipboard aircraft is becoming increasingly complex. The objective and accurate evaluation of ship-terminal capacity is the basis of air traffic flow management for shipboard aircraft, and it is also the premise of improving the efficiency of airspace resources. First of all, this paper divides the airspace and ship terminal areas and realizes the route network planning for the arrival and departure of shipboard aircraft. Following this, according to the airspace characteristics of the ship terminal area and the operation process of the shipboard aircraft, an arrival-and-departure network flow model for shipboard aircraft is established by using capacity-limitation and flow-conservation conditions. Finally, simulated annealing (SA) is used to solve the maximum flow in the arrival-and-departure network flow model, and the capacity evaluation results of the ship terminal area are obtained. The results show that when the number of gates is ng ≥ 7, the bottleneck in the ship terminal area’s operation capacity is the deck runway. When 3 ≤ ng < 7, imbalanced take-off and landing tasks lead to a waste of runway resources, and when ng < 3, the number of gates becomes the bottleneck which limits the capacity. With the number of gates being reduced from seven to three, the capacity is reduced from twenty sorties per hour to six sorties per hour. The model and core idea proposed in this paper can not only quickly evaluate the capacity of the terminal area of ships but also provide a solid foundation for the development of future fleet groups and the full use of maritime airspace.

Adjustable robust approach to increase DG hosting capacity in active distribution systems

We propose a robust coordinated dynamic hosting capacity (HC) evaluation method considering active network management (ANM) techniques in three-phase distribution systems. Our proposed method extends the literature in two main ways. Firstly, by applying the adjustable robust counterpart methodology, we allow fast-acting devices, such as inverters, to take live recourse actions in response to demand and generation uncertainties while not making the unrealistic assumption that they have real-time communication with a central entity. Secondly, we propose a linear uncertainty model capable of handling the strong spatial correlation between PV outputs. We show that our proposed linear model, compared to the existing linearised ellipsoidal uncertainty model, significantly reduces the computational burden while introducing a minor error. We validate the optimality and robustness of our proposed methods via numerical tests on the IEEE 37-node unbalanced three-phase distribution system.

Resilience Capacity Evaluation for the Safety Management System of Power Grid Enterprise Based on AHP-MEE Model

With the rapid development of urbanization and modernization, people’s requirements for electric power are also consequently increasing. It is thus essential to ensure the sustainable and stable supply of power and maintain the safety performance of the power grid. Constructing a modern safety management system (SMS) can effectively improve power enterprises’ ability to respond to emergencies. To effectively evaluate the ability of electric power enterprises to resist risk impact, and the recovery and optimization ability after impact, this paper makes a systematic investigation of the SMS of power enterprises. It evaluates the safety resilience capabilities of the SMS from four basic elements of stability, redundancy, efficiency, and adaptability. A multilevel evaluation system of electric power enterprises’ safety resilience capacity consists of four first-level and 25 second-level indices. Then, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and matter-element extension (MEE) joint model—the AHP-MEE evaluation model of the resilience capacity of power enterprises—is proposed. A case study of electric power enterprise safety resilience evaluation is conducted using the proposed resilience evaluation index system and assessment model. The results showed that the provided model agrees with the actual situation and verified the index system and model for electric power enterprise safety reliability and applicability. Improved enterprise safety resilience recommendations are proposed accordingly based on the evaluation results. This work proposes a robust safety resilience capacity evaluation method in the face of upcoming new risks, thus building a good working foundation to construct a new power system with new energy sources.

Evaluation of Acceptance Capacity of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network Considering Carbon Emission

Under the background of renewable-dominated electric power system construction, the penetration rate of low-carbon and renewable distributed generation (DG) in distribution network is increasing, which has changed the form and operation mode of the distribution network. To deal with the output fluctuation of high penetration DG in the distribution network operations, it is necessary to evaluate the acceptance capacity of DG. The correct evaluation can realize the secure, economic and low-carbon configuration of DG. In this paper, an evaluation method of acceptance capacity of DG in the distribution network considering the carbon emission is proposed. Firstly, a multi-objective evaluation model of acceptance capacity of DG is constructed with the objectives of minimizing carbon emission in the full life cycle, minimizing node voltage deviation and maximizing line capacity margin. Secondly, the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed to solve the model to determine the Pareto optimal solutions of DG configuration. Then, the comprehensive index of acceptance capacity evaluation is obtained based on entropy weight method to decide the optimal compromise solution. Finally, an actual 55-bus distribution network in China is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed evaluation method can comprehensively obtain the optimal compromise solution considering the reliability, economy and carbon emission benefits of distribution network operation, which guides the DG configuration in the distribution network.

Evaluation Method of Ecological Tourism Carrying Capacity of Popular Scenic Spots Based on Set Pair Analysis Method

By making adaptive adjustments to the tourism activities and tourism structure carried out in the tourist area, the natural resources of the scenic area can be protected while pursuing economies of scale. Moreover, it achieves a benign interaction between scenic spot development, planning, carrying capacity, and benefits, so that the scenic spot can develop sustainably under the condition of grasping the carrying capacity and restrictive conditions. This paper combines the set pair analysis method to evaluate the ecological tourism carrying capacity of scenic spots, so as to improve the quantitative effect of ecological tourism carrying capacity of scenic spots. In addition, this paper introduces the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of the evaluation indicators and combines the set pair analysis method to establish a comprehensive evaluation model. The research results show that the evaluation method of ecotourism carrying capacity of popular scenic spots based on set pair analysis proposed in this paper has a good effect.

Specifications, strength and bearing capacity of jointed-timber piles in soft ground

Single-timber piles were used as the pile foundation of small-scale buildings in the soft ground of the Saga lowland, Japan, where differential settlement occurred. The tip of the timber pile was required to reach the supporting stratum at a greater depth to overcome the problems. To reach the stratum, these timber piles are connected with several joints. However, there is no detailed study describing the strength of these jointed-timber piles (JTPs) and their material specifications. This study describes the specifications of the materials used and then explains the laboratory tests that evaluate the strength of the JTPs. Further, it discusses the method for determining the bearing capacity of the JTPs in terms of bearing capacity coefficients α and β. Later, the back-calculated values of α and β from the relationship of axial load with depth obtained from the strain gauge field measurements verified the bearing capacity evaluation method. The test results from the laboratory demonstrated that the concrete–timber stake joints reduced the compressive strength by around 2%, and the upper timber stake–lower timber stake joints reduced the strength by 11%. However, reduction factors of 10% for the concrete–timber joints and 15% for the timber–timber joints were adopted for safe construction.

Rapid Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Long-Span Bridges Using Limited Testing Vehicles

Load testing is usually used to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of long-span bridges in their service life. However, a large number of calibration trucks should be arranged in complicated loading patterns to deform bridges during load testing, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Aiming to solve this problem, this paper proposes a rapid bridge load-carrying capacity evaluation method using limited testing vehicles. The methodology includes three steps: influence line identification from limited vehicle exciting responses; influence line correction based on prior information of the bridge; and influence line–based bridge load-carrying capacity evaluation. To apply this method in engineering practice, standardized truck passage routines are designed. An application example involving a 1,280-m long-span suspension bridge is presented at the end of this paper. The truck routines, extracted bridge influence lines, and predicted load-carrying capacity of that bridge are presented based on the proposed methods. The testing results are also compared with standard load testing conducted 12 years ago to evaluate bridge performance changes. The outcomes of this paper provide a workable and economical method for long-span bridge load-carrying capacity evaluation.

Evaluation theory and method of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity.

Our understanding of resources and environmental carrying capacity is deepened with the comprehensive effects of human needs and external stress. When human survival and development mainly depend on the supply of local resources and environmental conditions, the resources and environmental carrying capacity is largely controled by the dominant limiting factors. With sustainable development and environmental protection, the resources and environmental carrying capacity has gradually changed from supply restriction to demand support. There is an expression of capacity, threshold, intensity, and ability to characterize the resources and environmental carrying capacity. The impact of climate change and human activities on the resource and environmental system is increasing, altering resources and environmental carrying capacity. At present, the interrelationship and internal mechanism among resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem vulnerability, and climate change risk are still unclear, which restricts the further development of theory and method. We preliminarily summarized and discussed the basic theory and method system of the research on carrying capacity of regional resources and environment. Furthermore, we advocated to develop the cascade relations of "carrying capacity of biological population development-carrying capacity of environmental stress in ecosystems-natural resources supply carrying capacity-natural environment carrying capacity-carrying capacity of social and economic development". Moreover, the calculation method and conceptual model of multi-dimensional resource and environmental carrying capacity were put forward under each concept framework. This study provided new ideas for the research on the method of resources and environment carrying capacity.

Buckling in prestressed stayed beam–columns and intelligent evaluation

For prestressed stayed beam–columns, the buckling behaviour is studied analytically, and the intelligent models for evaluating the nonlinear behaviour are developed using machine learning. An implicit solution, which allows the direct evaluation for the buckling behaviour of both doubly-symmetric and mono-symmetric stayed members, is determined analytically for the first time, and an explicit simplified solution of the buckling load is obtained using regression. Both the implicit and explicit solutions can simplify the traditional numerical method for evaluating the buckling load of stayed members, and they are verified using numerical modelling and excellent comparisons are obtained. Based on the explicit solution of the buckling load, machine learning models are adopted to develop the intelligent methods for evaluating the nonlinear buckling behaviour of prestressed stayed beam–columns, which can overcome the difficulties in distinguishing between pure and interactive buckling modes in the traditional method for load-carrying capacity evaluation. The results in the test set show that Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can predict the nonlinear failure mode and ultimate load of prestressed stayed beam–columns accurately and reliably.

Wind power operation capacity credit assessment considering energy storage

Research on wind power capacity credit at the operational level plays an important role in power system dispatching. With the popularity of energy storage devices, it is increasingly necessary to study the impact of energy storage devices on wind power operational capacity credit. The definition of wind power operational capacity credit is given. The available capacity model of different generators and the charging and discharging model of the energy storage are established. Based on the above model, the evaluation method of wind power operation credible capacity considering energy storage devices is proposed. The influence of energy storage on the wind power operation credible capacity is obtained by case study, which is of great help for the power system dispatching operation and wind power accommodation.

Regulation capacity evaluation for air conditioners considering operating status and occupant comfort

In recent years, the load peak-valley difference is increasing rapidly and needs more regulation capacity to reduce it. However, traditional generating units are phasing out for low carbon goal and cannot provide enough regulation capacity for the power system. Besides, Air conditioners (ACs) account for about 40% of the electricity consumption of the power system during peak period in summer. Due to the thermal inertia of rooms, indoor temperature will not be greatly affected, when ACs are controlled temporarily to provide regulation capacity. To fully realize the regulation potential, it is of significantly importance to accurately evaluate the regulation capacity of ACs, where the real-time operating status and occupant comfort are two key factors. Therefore, this paper proposes a regulation capacity evaluation method for ACs considering operating status and occupant comfort. The equivalent thermal parameter (ETP) model based on the AC operating characteristics is developed firstly. On this basis, the regulation capacity for the individual AC is evaluated considering operating status and user comfort, and the regulation capacity of aggregated ACs can be obtained by summing. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by cases.

Water Carrying Capacity Evaluation Method Based on Cloud Model Theory and an Evidential Reasoning Approach

The scientific and reasonable evaluation of the carrying capacity of water resources is of guiding significance for solving the issues of water resource shortages and pollution control. It is also an important method for realizing the sustainable development of water resources. Aiming at an evaluation of the carrying capacity of water resources, an evaluation model based on the cloud model theory and evidential reasoning approach is studied. First, based on the existing indicators, a water resources evaluation index system based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model is constructed, and a classification method of carrying capacity grade is designed. The cloud model theory is used to realize the transformation between the measured value of indicators and the degree of correlation. Second, to obtain the weight of the evaluation index, the weight method of the index weights model based on the entropy weight method and evidential reasoning approach is proposed. Then, the reliability distribution function of the evaluation index and the graded probability distribution of the carrying capacity of water resources are obtained by an evidential reasoning approach. Finally, the evaluation method of the carrying capacity of water resources is constructed, and specific steps are provided. The proposed method is applied to the evaluation of water resources carrying capacity for Hunan Province, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method proposed in the present study. This paper applies this method of the evaluation of the water resources carrying capacity of Hunan Province from 2010 to 2019. It is concluded that the water resources carrying capacity of Hunan Province belongs to III~V, which is between the critical state and the strong carrying capacity state. The carrying capacity of the province’s water resources is basically on the rise. This shows that the carrying capacity of water resources in Hunan Province is in good condition, and corresponding protective measures should be taken to continue the current state.

Evaluation method of ecotourism carrying capacity of popular scenic spots based on set pair analysis

Evaluation method of ecotourism carrying capacity of popular scenic spots based on set pair analysis

Evaluation method of solid construction waste recycling capacity based on AHP-fuzzy algorithm

Evaluation method of solid construction waste recycling capacity based on AHP-fuzzy algorithm

Evaluation method of solid construction waste recycling capacity based on AHP-fuzzy algorithm

Evaluation method of solid construction waste recycling capacity based on AHP-fuzzy algorithm

Hosting Capacity Evaluation Method of Renewable Energy: Feasible Region and Mapping Costs

Hosting Capacity Evaluation Method of Renewable Energy: Feasible Region and Mapping Costs

The state of capacity development evaluation in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management

AbstractCapacity development is critical to long-term conservation success, yet we lack a robust and rigorous understanding of how well its effects are being evaluated. A comprehensive summary of who is monitoring and evaluating capacity development interventions, what is being evaluated and how, would help in the development of evidence-based guidance to inform design and implementation decisions for future capacity development interventions and evaluations of their effectiveness. We built an evidence map by reviewing peer-reviewed and grey literature published since 2000, to identify case studies evaluating capacity development interventions in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management. We used inductive and deductive approaches to develop a coding strategy for studies that met our criteria, extracting data on the type of capacity development intervention, evaluation methods, data and analysis types, categories of outputs and outcomes assessed, and whether the study had a clear causal model and/or used a systems approach. We found that almost all studies assessed multiple outcome types: most frequent was change in knowledge, followed by behaviour, then attitude. Few studies evaluated conservation outcomes. Less than half included an explicit causal model linking interventions to expected outcomes. Half of the studies considered external factors that could influence the efficacy of the capacity development intervention, and few used an explicit systems approach. We used framework synthesis to situate our evidence map within the broader literature on capacity development evaluation. Our evidence map (including a visual heat map) highlights areas of low and high representation in investment in research on the evaluation of capacity development.

Grey Relational Analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue and Pedalling Performance Decline of Elite Athletes during a 30-Second All-Out Sprint Cycling Exercise.

The 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise is a classical sport capacity evaluation method, which may cause severe lower limb muscle fatigue. However, the relationship between lower limb muscle fatigue and the decline in exercise performance during 30-second sprint cycling remains unclear. In this study, ten cyclists volunteered to participate in a 30-second all-out sprint cycling while power, cadence, and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of eight lower limb muscles were recorded during the exercise. EMG mean frequency (MNF) of each lower limb muscle group was computed for every 3-second epoch based on wavelet packet transformation. Grey relational grades between pedalling performance and the EMG MNF of each lower limb muscle group during the whole process were calculated. The results demonstrated that EMG MNF of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus (VAS), gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) progressively tired during a 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise. Of the muscles evaluated, the degree of fatigue of TA showed the greatest association with exercise performance decline, whereas the muscle fatigue of RF, VAS, and GAS also significantly impacted exercise performance during a 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise.

Analysis and Prediction of Land Resources’ Carrying Capacity in 31 Provinces of China from 2008 to 2016

The rapid development of urbanization, population growth, and unreasonable use of land resources have made the contradiction between human beings and land increasingly prominent, and the carrying capacity of land resources has become an important factor affecting the sustainable development of a city or even a country. Based on the carrying capacity of agricultural land, construction land, and ecological land in 31 provinces of China, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the carrying capacity of land resources in 31 provinces of China from 2008 to 2016 by using single-factor carrying capacity evaluation and comprehensive carrying capacity evaluation methods. The evaluation results were divided into six levels (No pressure, Lower pressure, Low pressure, Medium pressure, High pressure, Higher pressure), and the ArcGIS10.2 software was used for visualization, and the carrying capacity prediction model was constructed to predict the development trend of the comprehensive carrying capacity of land resources in 2020 and 2025. The results showed that China’s land carrying capacity is extremely unbalanced. Whether from the evaluation results of single-factor carrying capacity or comprehensive carrying capacity, we showed the characteristics of high pressure in the east and low pressure in the west, and that the regional land resources have a deteriorating trend. Through the prediction of the future land resource carrying capacity index, it was found that the comprehensive carrying capacity index of land resources in 31 provinces of China will still show an upward trend in the future.

Data-Driven Evaluation and Optimization of Agricultural Sustainable Development Capability: A Case Study of Northern Anhui

Human survival depends on the sustainable development of agriculture. This study constructs a data-driven evaluation and optimization method of agricultural sustainable development capacity, aiming to better cope with challenges such as environmental pollution and excessive consumption of resources and energy, as well as improve agricultural economic level. Further, an evaluation index system was constructed based on comprehensive consideration of energy and resources utilization, environmental pollution, and agricultural economy. After simplifying and integrating the data, a data envelopment analysis model was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the capability for agricultural sustainable development and its changing trend. Moreover, its influencing factors were analyzed from the perspective of input, which provides accurate countermeasures for improving agricultural sustainable development ability, resource utilization efficiency, and process optimization. This study shows the realization process of the aforementioned method for the agricultural development of six cities in northern Anhui from 2010 to 2019. Our results suggest that the sustainable development ability of northern Anhui is weak, but overall, has a good development trend. Based on our results, some countermeasures were proposed to control production scale reasonably, reduce environmental load, and improve resource efficiency, which provides a reference for policymakers to guide and standardize the development of regional agriculture.