Evacuation Points Research Articles

Building sustainable mitigation through adaptive green open space on tanjung mas sub district

Abstract Mitigation is a step to reduce the risk of disasters in a particular area. Tanjung Mas sub-district is an area that has a high potential for land subsidence and tidal flooding because it is located on the North Coast of Java. Temporary evacuation points are urgently needed to protect residents from the dangers of tidal floods and distribute logistics from volunteers. Based on community preferences, the Green Open Space in Tambak Lorok are used as an evacuation point for flood disasters. The green open space, which was initially used for sustainable water absorption, was converted into an evacuation point as a flood disaster mitigation measure. This research aims to measure the suitability of green open space as a temporary evacuation site. The research method used is a Space Syntax approach and qualitative description analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, almost all the requirements for evacuation places by the green open space location. It is easily accessible because it is on the primary residential route, easily accessible by vehicles, and has building structures higher than the road. However, the area of green open space still needs to be increased for the minimum standard capacity per person. Apart from that, the infrastructure to support evacuation, such as electricity, communication equipment, or rubber boats, needs to be improved. The construction of green open space as a temporary evacuation site needs to be adjusted to minimum standards and the needs of the population. It is also hoped that the development of green open space will be the responsibility of not only the government but also cooperation between stakeholders. Green open space isn’t just for environment impacts, but can also increase the community resilience.

Using a Simulation Center to Deploy a Pre-Evacuation Center

The problems of the modern world are associated with the risks of emergency situations, as well as possible threats of military conflicts and the need to evacuate civilians. It is important to be prepared for the need to quickly deploy assembly evacuation points for collecting, registering and sending the evacuated population to safe areas. To practice the skills of deploying such points, special exercises should be conducted, the platform for which can be a simulation center. The paper presents the experience of deploying a training model of an assembly evacuation point based on the simulation center of the Altai State Medical University.

A Mathematical Model for Integrated Disaster Relief Operations in Early-Stage Flood Scenarios

When a flood strikes, the two most critical tasks are evacuation and relief distribution. It is essential to integrate these tasks, particularly before the floodwater reaches the vulnerable area, to minimize loss and damage. This paper presents a mathematical model of vehicle routing problems to optimize an integrated disaster relief operation. The model addresses routing for both the evacuation and relief distribution tasks in the early stages of a flood, aiming to identify a minimal number of vehicles required with their corresponding routes to transport vulnerable individuals and simultaneously distribute emergency relief. The new model incorporates several features, including vehicle reuse, multi-trip and split delivery scenarios for evacuees and emergency relief items, uncertainty in evacuation demands, and closing time windows at evacuation points. Due to the complexity of vehicle routing problems, particularly in large-scale scenarios, the exact approach for obtaining optimal solutions is time-consuming. Therefore, we propose the use of a metaheuristic algorithm, specifically a modified genetic algorithm, to find an approximate solution for the proposed model. We apply the developed model and modified algorithm to various simulated flood scenarios and a real-life case study from Indonesia. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach requires fewer vehicles compared to standard models for similar scenarios. Moreover, while the exact approach fails to find optimal solutions within a reasonable timeframe for large-scale scenarios, our new approach provides near-optimal solutions in a much shorter time. In smaller simulated scenarios, the modified genetic algorithm obtains optimal or near-optimal solutions approximately 92.5% faster than the exact approach.

Class Mapping of Tsunami's Risk using Global Positioning Geodetic System in Bengkulu University's Environment

Bengkulu University is located in the coastal area precisely in Muara Bangka Hulu sub-district of Bengkulu City, which is one of the sub-districts bordering the coastline. Areas or regions bordering the coastline have a higher level of tsunami hazard compared to areas or regions far from the coastline. The marking of the evacuation point area in the Bengkulu University environment has not adjusted to the disaster mitigation parameters. The purpose of this research is to analyse and map the tsunami hazard class at Bengkulu University in a preventive mitigation effort as well as a consideration for future policies. Primary data measurements used Geodetic GPS devices and were analysed using GAMIT and GLOBK 10.6 software. While secondary data obtained from geospatial information agencies and DEMNAS were analysed using arcgis software. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the environment of Bengkulu University as a whole has 3 classes of hazard zones including high hazard class, medium hazard class, and low hazard class.

Disaster Evacuation Point and Evacuation Road Plan Kedunglarangan River Flood at Bangil Sub-District Pasuruan Regency

Disaster Evacuation Point and Evacuation Road Plan Kedunglarangan River Flood at Bangil Sub-District Pasuruan Regency

Optimization Model of Emergency Evacuation Network Based on Genetic Algorithm

Aggregation and dispersion are the normal states. In economic production and social life, the evacuation of people and materials deserves extensive attention. From the perspective of mathematics and economics, arranging a thoughtful evacuation is essential for the best balance between personal satisfaction and cost. In this paper, evacuation is deeply studied by a genetic algorithm; the balance, cost, and willingness (satisfaction) priority models, which consider both satisfaction and cost, are established. In this paper, based on the field investigation and questionnaire survey conducted by Oriental Sports Center, overall satisfaction is inferred by the satisfaction of each person in the tested sample, and the time cost from the evacuation point to different reception points is inferred through actual investigation. Based on these data, a balance model is established, and the calculation is performed. The ratio of the total willingness value of the evacuated individuals to the total cost is taken as the function of the optimization objective. When the optimization objective function is complex, the genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimal solution by simulating the process of natural evolution. At the same time, the cost priority and willingness priority models are established to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different evacuation schemes and their applicable situations. The evacuation of Oriental Sports Center is studied using a genetic algorithm. The objective function value of equilibrium model optimization is 0.2155 (optimal solution), significantly different from willingness priority model optimization (0.0300). After calculating the optimization objective function value and cost value under the conditions of cost priority and willingness priority, a “People-oriented and cost-balanced” suggestion is put forward for a large crowd evacuation scheme.

Network analysis for determining the fastest evacuation routes in flood-prone areas of the Tuntang Watershed, Indonesia

Flooding in the Tuntang Watershed, Central Java Province, is a hydrological disaster that occurs regularly. Several factors, such as high rainfall, limited water catchment areas, and narrowing riverbanks, cause flooding. The amount of material and non-material losses can be minimized through an effective disaster mitigation process. One way is to determine and establish flood evacuation routes to shelters. This research aims to analyze the fastest and most effective evacuation route for residents using Geographic Information Systems. This research process includes analyzing flood-prone areas, ranging from highly vulnerable areas to areas that are not vulnerable. Furthermore, it analyzes population density, distribution of residential areas, natural physical conditions, and road conditions and identifies the location of the best evacuation center for residents affected by flooding. The method used is Sample Additive Weighting (SAW) to determine the best evacuation point and Network Analysis Fastest Route to determine the optimal evacuation route to the designated evacuation center. The results of this study include modeling a flood evacuation route with an estimated effective evacuation time of 30-45 minutes, consisting of 50 fastest alternative routes to appropriate shelters.

Analysis of abnormal operation of condenser water chamber evacuation system in nuclear power plants

During the operation of a nuclear power plant, there was no level indication in some of the condenser outlet water chamber, the level of the vacuum control tank upstream of the water chamber evacuation pump was rising frequently and unintentionally. To find out the causes of the above phenomena, a phenomenological analysis was first carried out. The cause analysis is then carried out in conjunction with the internal pressure of the condenser, the calculation of the air volume inside the condenser water chamber, and the flow pattern of the medium inside the water chamber evacuation pipeline. The final analysis concludes that a low junction point between the inlet water chamber's evacuation pipeline and the outlet can lead to the formation of an airlock at the top of the condenser's outlet water chamber. When there is a leak in the evacuation pipeline of the condenser's outlet water chamber, the increased air intake, in conjunction with gas-liquid two-phase flow, causes the liquid level in the vacuum control tank to rise unexpectedly and frequently. Thus, the factor of higher pressure at the inlet water chamber evacuation point and the influence of gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern should be taken into account when designing the evacuation pipeline.

Integrated tsunami risk framework considering agent-based evacuation modelling: The case of Saga, Kochi Prefecture, Japan

This study develops an integrated tsunami risk framework combining stochastic tsunami hazard and agent-based evacuation modelling. The framework is applied to the case of Saga, Kochi, Japan, with a population of ∼ 2,200 anticipated to experience significant tsunami events (∼ M9.0). First, stochastic earthquake source models are generated for two values of magnitudes (M8.8 and M9.0) and used to carry out stochastic tsunami inundation simulations. Agent-based tsunami evacuation modelling using MATSim is then performed by considering four mode scenarios: single mode (pedestrian and car) and two multimodal scenarios (mix of car and pedestrian). The stochastic tsunami simulations and agent-based evacuation modelling results are integrated to estimate the risk. The effect of existing tsunami evacuation points and tsunami evacuation towers on risk reduction is also assessed. Such an integration framework is finally used to recommend tsunami mitigation strategies in the tsunami-prone regions. Results show that a significant tsunami hazard (i.e., tsunami depth up to 15 m) is expected in the Saga district, with an arrival time between 5 and 30 min. In addition, the evacuation points on higher grounds effectively save local residents' lives, as shown by the small number of affected people, specifically for the pedestrian and multimodal models (i.e. 10-100 people, excluding the car model). However, up to ∼ 1,000 people may get affected if car is the sole mode of evacuation. Therefore, the coastal community is recommended to evacuate on foot. Finally, identifying and securing sufficient higher grounds and vertical evacuation points are essential for risk reduction.

Evaluation Of Passenger Services At Kendari France Port Based On The Regulation Of The Minister Of Transportation Number Pm 39 Year 2015 Southeast Sulawesi Province

The Kendari crossing harbor is a pioneer crossing that serves the three-hour commuter crossing. The government has made every effort to support economic development in the konave region. The level of services felt by those who use services may have a bearing on whether or not they should be carried out in the harbor, especially those felt at the harbor that must meet passenger service standards because they are consumers that determine the growth or failure of transportation systems. The method used to analyze existing problems is a minimum standard of compliance analysis with existing conditions. According to the corresponding treaty, the corresponding value of each passenger service requirement is 4, and the corresponding value of each passenger service requirement is 14 and 18 is also available. Based on the analysis, the conclusion is that there is still less service of several transit transit routes such as the waiting room, the toilets, evacuation route instructions, evacuation point point, the musholah facility. Inadequate, no passenger baggage service, no advanced transit information, information of shipwrecks and no masth has not met the standard requirements of passenger service in the port.

The Problem of Effective Evacuation of the Population from Floodplains under Threat of Flooding: Algorithmic and Software Support with Shortage of Resources

Extreme flooding of the floodplains of large lowland rivers poses a danger to the population due to the vastness of the flooded areas. This requires the organization of safe evacuation in conditions of a shortage of temporary and transport resources due to significant differences in the moments of flooding of different spatial parts. We consider the case of a shortage of evacuation vehicles, in which the safe evacuation of the entire population to permanent evacuation points is impossible. Therefore, the evacuation is divided into two stages with the organization of temporary evacuation points on evacuation routes. Our goal is to develop a method for analyzing the minimum resource requirement for the safe evacuation of the population of floodplain territories based on a mathematical model of flood dynamics and minimizing the number of vehicles on a set of safe evacuation schedules. The core of the approach is a numerical hydrodynamic model in shallow water approximation. Modeling the hydrological regime of a real water body requires a multi-layer geoinformation model of the territory with layers of relief, channel structure, and social infrastructure. High-performance computing is performed on GPUs using CUDA. The optimization problem is a variant of the resource investment problem of scheduling theory with deadlines for completing work and is solved on the basis of a heuristic algorithm. We use the results of numerical simulation of floods for the Northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain to plot the dependence of the minimum number of vehicles that ensure the safe evacuation of the population. The minimum transport resources depend on the water discharge in the Volga river, the start of the evacuation, and the localization of temporary evacuation points. The developed algorithm constructs a set of safe evacuation schedules for the minimum allowable number of vehicles in various flood scenarios. The population evacuation schedules constructed for the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain can be used in practice for various vast river valleys.

Establishing a Simple-yet-effective Approach of Early Warning System for Storm-Induced Earth-Filled Dam-Break Cases in Data-sparse Region

Historically, the occurrence of dam-break cases has been proven to cause significant loss of life and economical damage. Apart from the catastrophic nature of dam-breaks, the absence of a robust disaster prevention system exacerbates the disasters that occur. This study proposes an Early Warning System (EWS) to mitigate the impact of dam-break disasters. However, predicting the occurrence of such disasters is challenging, specifically in areas like Indonesia, where comprehensive data recording is lacking. While it may be difficult to predict the occurrence of a sunny day break, the storm-induced break is more predictable. Therefore, this study proposes a simple yet effective macro-based EWS for Earth-Filled Dam-Break Cases using a macro approach based on the Evacuation Clearance Time (ECT). By comparing the ECT value with the arrival time of the floods from the affected areas, additional evacuation time can be obtained, which will be used to determine the EWS. The proposed EWS for Cengklik Dam is given in three levels of warning indicated by the reservoir water level at +141.36 m, +141.40 m, and +141.45 m. With the proposed EWS, the results show that 100% of people are expected to reach the evacuation point safely. The case study shows that the proposed EWS can significantly reduce the risk impact of the dam-break events.

PENENTUAN AREA PRIORITAS PENANGANAN PASCA BANJIR BERBASIS ANALISIS SPASIAL DI KECAMATAN KARANG INTAN

The mining and plantation sector has a vital role in increasing GRDP and provides a positive multiplier effect on output, added value, income, and labor. However, on the other hand, it also has a negative impact on increasing environmental damage and climate change, resulting in flood disasters in almost all areas of South Kalimantan. Disaster mitigation planning is the main key to disaster management. This research compiles a post-flood management plan, especially in Karang Intan Sub-district. This research is quantitative research. The method used is a spatial analysis by overlaying the flood water level with objects in it such as houses, roads, and people. Objects that are vulnerable to flooding are those located at flood water levels above class 2 (TMA=0.1-0.5 meters). The number of houses that are vulnerable to being affected is 2,107 units, consisting of 697 units of safe flood conditions, 170 units of safe enough, and 1,239 units of vulnerable. Based on this, the evacuation point was determined as many as 23 points with the most evacuation point coverage, namely evacuation point number 22, which can reach 340 houses in Sungai Alang Village.

Hospital evacuation in large-scale disasters using limited aerial transport resources

Hospitals play a key role in providing medical assistance in a post-disaster phase. However, depending on the nature, scale, and severity of disasters, they may also be affected and may need to evacuate their patients. Current evacuation response plans for hospitals are predominantly based on the use of land vehicles, whereas little methodological advancements have been reported for when aerial hospital evacuations become necessary. To address this problem, this study develops a model that facilitates evacuation planning for moving patients from at-risk hospitals to remote locations using limited aerial transportation resources. A subset of the model parameters is treated as stochastic in order to reflect the uncertainties involved in real-world emergency conditions. The complexities of the model are handled via the use of a metaheuristic approach, the Variable neighbourhood search (VNS) algorithm, to provide a suitable solution within a reasonable amount of time. A relaxed mathematical model is used in the proposed VNS to generate an initial solution, which is then transformed into a feasible solution through a try-and-error procedure. The proposed method applies a reinforcement learning procedure that uses different local search strategies within the loop of the VNS. A hypothetical evacuation scenario of real-life scale, from an island state in Australia to the mainland states, is used to evaluate the ability of the model to generate efficient plans. In this case study, Tasmania is considered as an evacuation point, while hospitals located in other major cities host evacuated patients. Comparing the proposed method with a conventional method shows superior performance based on all relevant metrics. Emergency response agencies across many countries that can adopt the proposed methodology, when facing large-scale emergencies caused by wars, epidemics, or natural hazards such as wildfires and earthquakes.

Migration Processes in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21-st Century

The relevance of the topic is associated with the destabilization of the situation in the world and in the countries of the African continent. West Africa, the Sahel zone, the Eastern and Central part of the continent are engulfed in armed local and regional conflicts. The number of refugees and temporarily displaced persons is growing. Political instability of African states negatively aff ects the national security of recipient countries, which should provide accommodation and fi nancial support for refugees. It is not uncommon for migrants to impose their traditional rules in their new places of residence and oppress indigenous peoples by claiming their territory. This results in humanitarian disasters. Often this happens in border areas, where migrant evacuation points or permanent refugee camps are organized. The article analyzes the causes of conflicts, as well as their consequences for the civilian population. Attention is focused on the most complex military and political situations in the countries of the continent. The author concludes that the destabilization of political regimes in Africa is associated with the low social level of most of the states of the continent, the weakness of power structures which are unable to protect civilians.

The community participation on infrastructures and facilities updating data of Teratak Village, Rumbio Jaya

Village Information System (SID) is an implementation of e-government by the village government. The right of village communities to get real-time information can be hampered due to the skills and abilities of human resources and out-of-date information. The activity is focused on updating Village data and facilities through survey primary data collection. The results of the survey are up-to-date data, are integrated, and can be accessed online. The process of entering data into the SID will be continued by the Village Government Officials who manage the SID, for this reason, there is a need for a special briefing for Village Government Officials in a training activity in updating data on village facilities and infrastructure. Workshops in the form of training, practice and question and answer were carried out with feedback in the form of questionnaires before and after the workshop to assess the success of the program. The survey data that is input to the SID includes health facilities, religious facilities, agriculture, animal husbandry, plantations, educational facilities, village tourism potential, and potential disasters along with their evacuation points. This updated data is expected to be a reference for compiling the Teratak Village Development and workshop activities have been able to improve the ability of village government.

НОВЫЕ СТРАНИЦЫ ИЗ БИОГРАФИИ И ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ГЕНЕРАЛ-МАЙОРА МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ НЕВСКОГО Н.М. (к 130-летию со дня рождения)

The article is devoted to the life path, service and professional activities of a participant in three wars of the first half of the XX century, an extraordinary personality and public figure – Honored Doctor of the RSFSR, Major General of the medical service of Nevsky Nikolay Mikhailovich. His talent as an organizer of military healthcare was especially evident in the theater of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 during his leadership of the frontline evacuation point No. 77 of the Western and 2nd Belorussian Fronts for 5 years, as well as in the post-war period – during his 20-year leadership of the collectives of two of the largest military hospitals in the country – the Central Military Clinical Hospital named after P.V. Mandryk and the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko.

Geographic information system earthquake and tsunami early warning in Padang City

Padang city is one of the areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. With this fact, the city government of Padang created a number of gathering points or shelters equipped with evacuation routes for residents of Padang city. Likewise in West Padang District which is the area closest to the beach and has a high population. From the results of the data collected, then the authors use the Research and Development method. From the results of this study, an Android-based Geographical Information System (GIS) was designed, information can be conveyed in a visual form in which there is information related to tsunami evacuation routes and education in dealing with the Potential Mentawai Megathrust disaster. In addition, the application developed has been able to produce information on the location of the disaster, route information to the evacuation point, and safety guidance when a disaster occurs. So that people can easily find out the evacuation route to a safe place and reduce the risk impact of future natural disasters.

A GIS-Based Model for Flood Shelter Locations and Pedestrian Evacuation Scenarios in a Rural Mountain Catchment in Romania

Shelter and evacuation-route planning represents the core of safe and efficient flood management. The methodology detailed in the present study includes an analysis of the suitability of areas for evacuation points, as well as an assessment of the degree of accessibility of those points during evacuation scenarios in small mountainous drainage basins. The analysis is based on water distribution and water-flow increase during the historic 2010 flooding of the Sucevița basin, when the discharge increased in merely 40 min. The proposed model considers the viability of pedestrian evacuation of the local population, as well as the degree of accessibility of nearby evacuation points. Thus, according to the results obtained for the mountain-based locality, 91.68% of the vulnerable population can be evacuated in 30 min, while 8.32% of the inhabitants require up to 54 min to reach an evacuation point. In the case of Marginea, located in a plateau area, the population under analysis can reach one of the evacuation points in approximately 36 min. The present study can support the implementation of non-structural flood management measures and decrease casualties through evacuation optimization.

Crowd evacuation navigation for evasive maneuver of brownian based dynamic obstacles using reciprocal velocity obstacles

This paper presents an approach for evasive maneuver against dynamic obstacles in multi-agent navigation in a crowd evacuation scenario. Our proposed approach is based on reciprocal velocity obstacles (RVO) with a different manner to treat the obstacles. We treat all possible hindrances in velocity space reciprocally thus all collision cones generated by other agents and obstacles are treated in the same RVO manner with the key difference in the effort of avoidance. Our approach assumes that dynamic obstacles bear no awareness of navigation space unlike agents thus the avoidance effort lies on behalf of the mobile agents, creating unmutual effort in an evasive maneuver. We display our approach in an evacuation scenario where a crowd of agents must navigate through an evacuation area trespassing zone filled with dynamic obstacles. These dynamic obstacles consist of random motion built based on Brownian motion thus posses an immense challenge for the mobile agent in order to overcome this hindrance and safely navigate to their evacuation area. Our experimentation shows that 51.1% fewer collisions occurred which is denote safer navigation for agents in approaching their evacuation point.